全国卷短文改错专项训练.docx

1、全国卷短文改错专项训练短文改错新题型策略与技巧设错的内容多为我们在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。应注重以下技巧： 注意分行的技巧性。上一行的末尾和下一行的开始，往往是我们容易忽视的地方，不易找到错误所在，从而影响了改错的成绩。要密切关注行尾和行首的接连处，注意它们之间的语法关系或逻辑关系，尽快找到设错点，从而尽快改正。 要以句子为单位而不是以行为单位进行判断。改错题的要求是每行找出一处错误，但在找错时不能以行为单位来找，要以完整的句子为语言单位进行判断。 注重上下文之间的逻辑关系。在短文改错题中，有时设错的内容与短文上下评议的时态、人称等有密切的关系，如果只从一个单句来考虑，而不关注上下文的各

2、种逻辑关系，就可能造成判断失误，增加失分的因素。 4在逐行寻查错误时应着重注意看句子结构是否完整，看习惯用法固定搭配是否正确，看上下文逻辑是否合理，看主谓是否一致，时态、语态是否正确，冠词、代词、连词、形容词、副词以及关系词的使用是否得当。细节性注意点： （1）名词单复数，是否不可数名词，注意前后的修饰词或结构。 （2）动词的时态、语态、第三人称单数、非谓语形式、虚拟、逻辑关系。 （3）介词、副词搭配是否得当。 （4）形容词与副词的形式是否错用、结构是否正确、修饰词是否恰当。 （5）代词的性、数、主宾格。 （6）数词是否准确，是基数词还是序数词。 （7）冠词。 （8）分清简单句、复合句和并列句

3、。 （9）分清是何种复合句。 （10）句与句之间的逻辑关系。 （11）状语从句的连词、时态、虚拟语气。 （12）定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词以及主语与谓语一致关系。 （13）名词性从句中的连词选择、省略、虚拟。 （14）特殊句型。省略、重复与替代。 （15）非谓语动词结构中的主动与被动、一般与完成、逻辑主语、并列与修饰。动词不定式 中的省略问题。破题技巧：做该错题要学会化整为零。也就是说，将整段文字先划分为若干小句子，做到心中要数，在逐句逐行地改错。一般按句子结构中的成分逐一改。（1）看看时态是否一致。（2）看看主谓是否一致。（3）看看代词是否一致。（4）看看句子中的谓语是否完整。（5）看看

4、是否该用被动语态。（6）看看从句的连接词是否用对了。（7）看看从句中的谓语完整了吗？归纳短文改错错误类型:(一) 词法的测试1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music. Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playing football是一项运动，football只是一种球； sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词，do exercise作主

5、语要用动名词形式，谓动用单数；healthy是形容词， 这里要用名词形式。3) Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名词应用复数形式。2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him. 2).This is the best film which I h

6、ave ever seen.先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the thingsletter为可数名词,故write后应加a.2) I like playing the football. 去the 3) He is a honest boy. a改为an4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否

7、正确。1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配，故应将with 改为for.2) Im the happiest in all.此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of.3) Under the help of my father, I under 改为 with4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改为on5.形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副

8、词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。1) I had not interest in English .interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007)此处有Ive ever seen限定，应用最高级，故happier应改为 happiest.3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easily.4) These books ar

9、e very worth reading. 用well 修饰6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting. 由于前句有As引导

10、原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉。 2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中，动词方面的考查比例较大。1) 动词的时态、语态a. I will write again and s

11、end you the photos we take together.take photos动作发生在过去，应用过去时.b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 根据本句意义，should后应加上been，构成被动语态。c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.playing改为 play; for 改为with2) 易混动词使用错误a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn

12、t listen.persuade 意为“说服”，强调成功的结果，而根据下句 he didnt listen可知，劝说并没有成功，故应改persuaded为 advised.b. You please rise your hands.rise是不及物动词，而raise是及物动词，所以举手应用raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。3) 非谓语动词使用错误a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.look forward to 中的to是介词，应加动名词，将see改为seeing.b. Im

13、sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.keep均和doing连用，如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.to后加be。因其后是名词，而不是动词原形，不能直接用to.8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以

14、及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“写日记”.2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配3) I thought that was dull to watch a game此题考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。4) the activities are not only enjoyable an

15、d also helpful. 解析：not only but also为固定结构，故将and 改为but.5) I have no difficulty learn maths. have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构6) He spends too much time play games. spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构(一) 词法的测试1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。2. 代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代

16、词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。3. 冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a(n)却用了the.4. 介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。5.容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。6. 连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思

17、；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as。7. 动词：动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。8. 词语固定搭配:主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型

18、与习惯搭配等。(二) 句法的测试：1主谓语在数上的一致；I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is2名词性从句；A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是连词，在从句中无任何意义，而后面的宾语从句缺宾语，用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。 3定语从句；This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改为 which4强调句型；It is/was +被强调的部分+that/

19、whoIt was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that5句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。(三)语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：1上下文中的时态是否一致；2上下文中的代词是否一致；3上下文中的逻辑是否一致；4上下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。(四) 注意问题：短文改错时改“错”，而不是把文中的表达法改成另外的表达形式。很多人对这个概念比较模糊。把原文中并没有错的形式改成了自己认可的另外一种形式，虽然改后的表达法也是对的，但这样做偏离了这类题型的答题要求，因而也不能得分。下面短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

20、增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分 一When the accident was happened, I was standing near a bus stop. There I saw an old lady waiting a bus with her umbrella. The bus soon arrived at. There were too many passengers hurryi

21、ng to get on it that the old lady couldnt get on. A driver closed the door without looking careful and drove away. Unluckily the old ladys umbrella was caught by the door. She shouted to the driver but he didnt hear. The bus pulled her along the road. Finally, she fall to the ground. Several minutes

22、 late, the ambulance came and took her to hospital. I think the driver should be responsible for the accident. 二Last week, we feel sorry to hear that our class teacher was ill. Afterwards, we had a discussion and decided manage on our own. During the followed days, all of us did a good job. None of

23、us late for school and we did morning exercise better than ever. In class, we gave a classroom a thoroughly cleaning to welcome her. Our monitor presented some flowers to her while she stepped onto the platform. Seeing the red flag for Weekly Model Class, she was happy but moved. 三Li Ming went to th

24、e park in last Saturday afternoon after he had already finished his homeworks. He saw several boys skating in the pond happily. Suddenly he heard a cry for help. Looked ahead, he found one of the boys had fallen into the water. Li Ming jumped into icy water immediately and tried to pull the boy to s

25、afety. Then the boy was given first aid but soon came to myself. The boys parents came soon after they received the phone call. They were very much thankful Li Ming, who was trembling there with cold. 四My secret of staying young is simple: Keeping your mind awake and you will stay young all over. Ta

26、ke interest in the world around you, and learn at least the new thing every day. Dont think that you are ever too young to go back to school. I know a man entered a medical college at 70. He got his degree with honors and became a famous doctor. Other man went to a law school at 71 and is now a acti

27、ve lawyer. You may say that staying young is easy only for that living in the future. In fact, you can do it whether you care enough to try to keep your mind awake and active, what is the only way to be always. 五One day after school, on the way home, I happened see a little boy turning off a tap and

28、 splashing water here and there on the ground. So with hesitation I went over and turned off the water. As we all know it, water is the source of life. Without water we human beings cant live. Otherwise they will disappear from the earth. Besides, there are a very limited water resource in our world

29、. So we mustnt take some measures to getting rid of such wasteful habits. Everyone must save water so that development of the world and mankind can continue. 六 Learning English is great importance. English is widely used all over the world. It was often used in the international meetings. Most busin

30、ess letters are written in English. With a help of English we can learn modern science and technology from the developed countries. We can also introduce our achievement and experiences to other countries. Because of their importance, English is a requiring subject in high schools and colleges. Now

31、many people are working hardly at English. Its very important to learn English well. If we learn English well, we can serve for our country better. So I suggest most Chinese can learn it well. 七 Locate in Conghua, the Temple, which covers and area of 900 square meters, are said to be built between 1

32、426 and 1435. After it was first built, much big repairs, were done in different dynasties, seven of them were recorded in words. This is first discovery of ancient buildings in our province with exact times. To let it survive, local villagers and government treasures the grand relic and protect it with great care and repair it