新思维综合英语第一册.docx

1、新思维综合英语第一册 新思维综合英语第一册第四单元参考讲义本单元主要对话功能：How to talk about a foreign language 如何谈论一门外语How to talk about ones family 如何谈论家庭How to talk about events in the past 如何谈论过去的事情How to talk about how you met someone 如何谈论与别人相识的经过 Lesson 23, What does the “K” stand for? Luke Taylor and Maya Winston are talking ab

2、out their families. Focus Questions and answers:1. How does Luke know that Koziol is Polish?_Lukes wife is Polish, and Lukes spent some time in Poland. So he should be able to speak a little Polish or at least recognize the Polish sound. 2. How did Luke get to know his wife?_She studied in his Engli

3、sh class in the States. 3. How is Lukes wife, Stenias English now? How did she achieve that?_She speaks English almost perfectly now. She worked so hard on her English (while she was learning English). 4. Where are Mayas relatives now? What language do Mayas parents speak at home?_They are all livin

4、g in the States now. Mayas parents speak English now because in the dialogue, Maya says that her father used to speak Polish, and her mother forgot all other languages since she learned English. （所以他们家就说英语了。）Language points in the dialogues:What an unusual necklace! 是个感叹句，What a 后边一般跟名词性短语。如： What a

5、n interesting story (it is)! 这个故事多有趣呀！What a splendid performance! 演出多精彩啊！Stand for 代表，表示。如：What does “K” stand for? K 的意思是什么？PE stands for physical education. PE 表示体育课的意思。在西方国家里，女孩子长大结婚后一般要改用丈夫的姓氏，Maiden name指女孩结婚前所用的姓。The States (S 大写)，指 the United States. 口语中，人们谈起美国时，用得更多的是 the States 或 America,

6、来代替 the USA.Which language do you speak at home, English or Polish? 选择疑问句，疑问词用 which，也可以说 What language(s) do you speak? 如果问话人知道你会讲多种不同外语，会用languages 来提问。Speak 讲（一种语言）。How many languages can he speak? Used to do sth, 过去常常做某事。现在已经没有这习惯了。I used to smoke a lot. Work hard, 努力工作，认真工作。Be good at sth. 在某方面

7、很擅长，有某方面能力。She is good at languages. 她有语言天赋。She still has a very slight accent, but you can hardly tell shes foreign. 她仍然有一点点口音，不过你几乎分辨不出她是外国人了。Accent 口音，腔调，someone with a different accent 不同口音的人。Slight微小的，轻微的。Shes got a slight headache. 她有点（轻微的）头痛。Tell 区分，辨别。They look exactly the same how can you t

8、ell which is which? 他们看起来一模一样，你怎么能分辨出哪个是哪个呢？动词 tell 当“区分、辨别”讲时，一般用在 tell sb / sth from sb / sth 这样的结构中。如：Can you tell Jane from her twin sister? 你能把Jane 和她的双胞胎妹妹分辨开吗？Hardly 几乎不，几乎没有。Im so tired I can hardly walk any further. 我太累了，几乎一步也走不动了。学习时需要注意这类含有否定意义的副词，在句子中使用时，避免双重否定。比如，刚才这句话就不能说成 Im so tired

9、I can not hardly walk any further. (错句)Was either of your parents born in Poland? Yes, they both were. 你父母有谁是在波兰出生的吗？是的，他们都是。Either of 二者之一。后面常常接两个方面、两件事情或两个人，相关的动词往往用单数。Either of the two phrases is acceptable. 两个短语哪个都可以接受。Either or 常常连用，表示“二者之中任选其一”。He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了，就是醉了。I was

10、expecting you (to come) either today or tomorrow. 我希望你要么今天要么明天来。He hasnt spoken it since my grandparents died. 自从我的祖父母去世后他就没再讲过。注意这句话里的现在完成时和一般过去时结合使用时的典型用法。表示“自从（可以是某件事或某个时间点）以来一直（没）做某事”的时间关系时，一般用 since 将主从句连接起来，主句一般用现在完成时，since 后的从句部分用一般过去时或者用表示时间点的名词（短语）。如：I havent heard from him since he left he

11、re last year. 自从去年他离开这里我没有收到他的信。John has been in this country since he was ten. 从十岁开始John 就住在这个国家了。Fluently 流利地，指语言或讲话口齿很流利。Fluent 流利的，形容词。She speaks fluent English. She speaks English fluently. 她讲英语很流利。Unfortunately, 不幸地。Unfortunate 不幸的。说话人为了表示马上要说的内容很不幸，或很遗憾，常常用unfortunately / unlucky来带出即将要说的话。如：U

12、nfortunately, he didnt pass the end-of-term examination. 不幸的是，他没有通过期末考试。As soon as, 一就，表示两件事情紧接着连续发生，既可以用于谈论未来的事情也可以用于谈论过去。如：As soon as we get the tickets well send them to you. 我们一拿到票就给你送过来。As soon as she got out of bed the telephone stopped ringing. 她一下床电话铃就断了。Lesson 27. I guess my mind was somewh

13、ere else. Laura and Chuck are having something to eat after seeing a movie. They talk about Chucks job interview. Focus questions and answers:1. Where do you think the dialogue takes place?_Most probably in a restaurant.2. Why was Chucks mind somewhere else?_He was thinking about the interview. 3. W

14、hy was Chuck anxious? _he was anxious to know the interview result, and of course he wanted to get the job. Language points in the dialogue:You were thinking about the interview again, werent you? Think about, 考虑，思考。We have to think about whether we should buy the car.我们得认真考虑一下买不买车。Im thinking about

15、 the plan for our tour.我在考虑我们的旅行计划。这句话里的Werent you？ 是个附加疑问句。在这样的句子里，一般来说，前面需要有个陈述句。如果陈述句用肯定句，附加疑问句就用否定式疑问句。如果陈述句用否定句，附加疑问句就用肯定式疑问句。如：Youve been to the Great Wall, havent you? Hes not going to the party, is he? 但是，有时也有例外。如：She telephoned her brother, did she? （用来表示惊讶、确认等。）使用附加疑问句时，不仅要注意前后肯定与否定的关系，还要注

16、意助动词和时态的一致性问题。比如，如果前边的句子用现在完成时，附加疑问句就需要用 have 或 havent；如果前边的句子用带有 will 的一般将来时，附加疑问句就需要用 will 或 wont 等等。Get sth out of ones mind 摆脱思想中的困扰。如：He was terribly lost in that experience for quite some time, and finally he got it out of his mind when he moved to a new place. 他很长时间一直沉浸在那次可怕的经历中不能自拔，直到后来搬到一个新

17、地方后才得以摆脱出来。Figure out 理解，弄清楚，解决。She hasnt figured out what shes going to do next. 她还没有弄清楚接下来她将做什么。He has figured out all the possibilities before he does it. 他事前已经弄清楚了所有的可能性。Anxious to do sth 迫不及待想做某事。She is so anxious to visit Beijing next week because it is her first visit there. Make a / the deci

18、sion 做出决定，确定。Who made the decision to go there?是谁决定去那儿的？I think Ive made a wrong decision to buy this big house.我想我决定买这座大房子是错误的。Relax 放松，松弛。Lets stop working and relax for an hour. 别干了，我们休息一小时吧。Lesson 29 The first Americans.Focus questions:1Why did Columbus call people already living in America “Ind

19、ians” when he landed there?2. How did the ancestors of these people come to America?3. What technique do scientists use to decide the age of the remains of the ancient bodies or artifacts?4. What are causing excitement and controversy among experts?5. What did scientists find in Chili?6. What is the

20、 most controversial finding in Brazil? Language Points in the Reading Text: Scientists disagree on the date. 科学家在日期上没有达成一致。Agree / disagree on sth 在某方面意见（不）一致，（不）同意。介词用on. Finally we agreed on the route for climbing the hill. 最后我们就爬山路线达成了一致意见。学习时注意这个短语跟 agree / disagree with sb / sth 的区别。Agree / dis

21、agree with sb / sth（不）同意某人说的话或者看法；与某人意见不一致。I disagree with much of what he says. 我不同意他说的很多话。My brother agrees with me in most of the issues we discuss. 在讨论问题时，我弟弟大多同意我的看法。Original 原有的，原始的，初始的；新颖的，有创造性的。It is said no one can remember the original state of the building. 据说，没有人能回忆起那座楼本来的样子了。This is the

22、 most original story Ive ever read. 这是我读过的最新颖的故事了。Arrive in 到达某一地方、城市（比较大的地方），如：It was raining when we arrived in Guangzhou. 而arrive at 的意思是“到达一个具体的小的地点”，如： He arrived at his hotel soon after midnight. Arrive at 还表示经过努力达成协议、决定、或达到某种程度。It took us several hours to arrive at a decision. 我们花费了好几个小时才终于达成

23、决议。在 When Columbus “discovered” America in 1492, he found people already living there.这句话里，discover 用了引号，原因是什么呢？discover 这个词的意思是，发现原来没有被人所知道或了解的事情或情况。Discover 不同于 find, 后者的意思是，找到，发现，是一般意义上的看见或找到，被找到的东西本来就是存在的。在哥伦布发现新大陆的时候美洲这块大陆已经是存在的，而且有人居住，所以并不是他第一个发现这个地方的。Find sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事。When I entered

24、 the room, I found him watching TV. 我进入房间的时候，看见他正在看电视。Thinking he had landed in the East Indies, he called these people “Indians”. 前半句话Thinking he had landed in the East Indies 是个 ing 分词短语，做he called these people “Indians” 的原因状语。Stretching from the top of North America to the tip of South America we

25、re many different groups是个倒装句，动词谓语是 were, 主语是 many different groups. 用来强调“不同的种族部落由北到南散布在美洲大陆”的这个事实。Migrate 迁移，移往。Migrate from one place to another 从一个地方迁移到另一个地方。如：They had to migrate to this new land because of the terrible flood in the fifties. 由于五十年代的那场可怕的洪水他们被迫迁移到了这片土地。The northern half of the ea

26、rth was covered in ice. 北半球被冰雪覆盖。有时，我们也用 be covered with 来表示“长有很多，覆盖着很多”如：The next morning when I woke up, I found the trees were all covered with beautiful snow. 早上醒来的时候，我发现树上挂满了美丽的雪。Experts believe that people from Siberia followed the animals that they hunted and traveled to Alaska over land that

27、 is now a 50-mile body of water called the Bering Strait. 这句话里有两个 that 引导的定语从句，分别修饰前面的the animals 和 land 这两个名词。过去分词短语called the Bering Strait 作 body of water 的定语，body 在这里指大面积的水域。在上万年前，亚洲和美洲大陆之间是相连的，白令海峡是后来才逐渐形成的。所以这些远古时代的西伯利亚人才能追赶着他们的猎物跑到美洲。Look for 寻找，探询，查找。 What are you doing? Im looking for my ke

28、ys.Remain 做动词时意思是“遗留；继续，保持”，而做名词时只有 remains 复数形式，意思是“遗留物；遗迹；残骸”。The remains of a meal 残羹剩饭。Along with bones from humans and animals, they uncover pieces of pottery, tools, and even the remains of campfires. 这里，along with 是什么意思呢？这句话的意思是，他们发现人和动物遗骨的同时，还发现了瓷器、工具，甚至篝火的的残迹。Along with 与一起，同时，表示两件事情同时发生，或跟

29、别的事物一起存在。Date 做名词时意思是“日期；年代”，如：Whats the date today? 还可以做动词，意思是“加日期于；鉴定古物等的年代”，如：Dont forget to date your letters. 别忘记给你的信加日期。课文里的radiocarbon dating 指放射性碳元素确定年代技术。这篇文章稍后还有 date back 这个短语，意思是“追溯到某个时候”，如：This is a long story. It dates back to 26 years ago. 这是一个比较久远的故事了，还得追溯到26年前。Figure out = work out

30、美语非正式语体，理解、弄清楚、确定、解决。She hasnt figured out what she is going to do about it. 她还没有弄清楚自己该怎么办呢。These discoveries are causing a lot of excitement and controversy among experts. 这句话是什么意思呢？Excitement 兴奋，激动。Controversy 长期的争论、争议。Controversial 是形容词形式，有争议的，引起争议的。你看这句话这样翻译好吗？这些发现引起了专家们浓厚的兴趣和激烈的争议。Cause, （动词）引起

31、，引发。What do you think caused the problem? 做名词时cause 的意思是“原因”，如：They are trying to find out the cause of the power cut.他们在争取找出停电的原因。Well-preserved 保存完好的，指什么东西存放时保护得比较好。These paintings have been well-preserved, and they still look so vivid and lively. 这些绘画保存得非常好，看上去还是那么形象生动。英语中经常有这种有一个副词和一个过去分词构成的复合形容

32、词，如：newly-married 新婚的，newly-arrived新来的，新到货的，well-meant 善意的，well-organized结构合理的。Similar to 与相似的。This story is quite similar to the movie we saw last week. Estimate 估计，估算，预测。It is estimated that the total value of the bookshop will be about 500,000 dollars. 据估算，这个书店的总价值大约五十万美元。文章提到考古学家Guidon defends her finds and