中考英语语法精讲例析 代词.docx

1、中考英语语法精讲例析 代词中考英语语法精讲例析 代词 中考英语语法精讲例析 代词(一) 知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。 人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 主格 i u he she it e u the 宾格 e u hi her it us u the 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表 人称 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 形容词性 ur his her its urs ur the 名词性 ine urs his hers its urs u

2、rs theirs 反身代词可见下表人称 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 反身代词 self urself hiself herself itself urselves urself theselves 指示代词主要有this, that, these, thse疑问代词有：h, h hse, hat, hih,还有疑问副词hen, h, here, h。不定代词在初中本中主要有se, an， an, uh, eah, neither, ther, anther, all, bth, ne, nne, either(二) 正误辨析误Ts ther is taller than 正Ts t

3、her is taller than ine析形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如： b，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是 ther,也就是ine。误e have a lt f her t d tda S e need t r three hurs t finish the正e have a lt f her t d tda S e need t r three hurs t finish it析在应用代词时，要注意人称，格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词her， 所以应用it。误He and u shuld g t the librar t

4、return the bs正u and he shuld g t the librar t return the bs析这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为u, he, she, I,而复数时为e, u， the:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I, he, she, u, 复数时用The, u， e, 如：T and I are gd friendsu, he and I ust g t pla the gae fr ur tea this afternne, u and the have been

5、 there befreI, he and u have t pa fr it误He r his brther is ding their her正He r his brther is ding his her析由eitherr, neithernr, r 连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：Either teahers r students ant t d their best t help the ld an如是一单一复两名词时，一般将单数名词放在前，复数名词放在后，要用复数代词，如：The teaher r his students ill

6、lean their lassr tgether误His brther is taller than hi正His brther is taller than he析than是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。I lie u as uh as she正I lie u as uh as her析asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I lie her所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。误self did it esterda正I self did it esterda正I did it self esterda

7、析反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。 误Tae are f urselves正Tae are f urselves (urself)析祈始句的主语应看作第二人称u误Please bring ur daughter ith urself正Please bring ur daughter ith u析反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如： The ld an spe t herself误ae urself he正ae urself at he析这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有： en neself 玩得开心ae urself at

8、he 像在家中一样help urself t sething 自己拿某物lst neself 迷路seat neself 就坐dress neself 穿衣误hs this speaingThats ar正hs that speaingThis is ar析在电话用语中，this指讲话人自己，而that指对方。误The das in suer are lnger than this in inter正The das in suer are lnger than thse in inter析在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或thse取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用th

9、se，如：The eather in Beiing is htter than that in hang hun误It is s a gd b that everne lies t read正It is suh a gd b that everne lies t read正It is s gd a b that everne lies t read析在可数名词单数时可用s+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用suh+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用suh, 如：It is suh gd eather that I ant t g siing The a

10、re suh gd bs that I ant t bu the all在an, uh, fe, little这4个词前仅能用s,如： She has s uh ne that she an bu everthing she ants而在s与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用suh,如:She is s seet that everne lies her误I ant t bu a sae ditinar as urs正I ant t bu the sae ditinar as urs析sae与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the sae(仍然)。误I hpe she i

11、ght pass the exaI dnt hpe s正I hpe she ight pass the exaI hpe nt析在作肯定回答时，I thin s I hpe s I believe s但作否定回答时为：I dnt thin s I hpe/believe nt误He studied ver hard this ter S she did正 He studied ver hard this ter S did she误 English is diffiult t learn S is it正 English is diffiult t learn S it is析在对话中如果某一

12、动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。误Everne shuld d nes best正Everne shuld d his best析ne作代词时，它的复数形式是nes,所有格形式是nes，反身代词为neself如果讲ne shuld d nes best则是对句。如果ne与别的词组成其他词，如： sene, anne, everne或nl ne 则要用his/her，作

13、其所有格形式。误 h n the gae? Nne正 h n the gae? N ne析由h提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是n ne,而由H an提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是Nne如：H an bs are there? Nne误There are an trees n either sides f the street正There are an trees n either side f the street正There are an trees n bth sides f the street析either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：u an tae eithe

14、r其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。误Either u r I are right正Either u r I a right析在eitherr,或neithernr连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。误I have three sisters Neither f the is a dtr正I have three sisters Nne f the is a dtr析neither用于两者中无一是，而nne则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。误He desnt lie Beiing pera I dnt lie t

15、正He desnt lie Beiing pera, I dnt lie either析either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而t则用于肯定句中。误e lie bth this little b正e bth lie this little b析bth作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be动词之后，如：e are bth students在实意动词之前，如：The parents bth ant t g t the inea用于第一助动词之后，如：e have bth read these English nvels使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意：Bth f us are nt right应

16、译为：我们俩不都对。Neither f us is right才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：I ant give u bth f the bs意为：两本书我不能全给你，而I ant give u either f the bs才为：两本书我全不能给你。误e eah has a tiet fr the nert正e eah have a tiet fr the nert析eah作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Eah f us ants t learn English ell，但eah作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。误Ever f us has t pass the exa正Eah f u

17、s has t pass the exa析ever只可作形容词，不可作代词，而eah既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时eah侧重强调个体，而ever 则侧重于全体。误Everne f us shuld d huser t hurs a da正Ever ne f us shuld d huser t hurs a da析everne不可与f结构相连接使用，而ever ne则可以这样用。误I shuld read English everda正I shuld read English ever da析要注意的是ever da是“每天”，而everda则是形容词为“日常的”。如：everda E

18、nglish日常英语，everda life日常生活。误There are trees n ever sides f the street正There are trees n eah side f the street 析ever用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而eah用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用eah而不能用ever误All parents are engineers正Bth parents are engineers析all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而bth 则用于两者的全部。误All f students ight ae se istaes正All f the s

19、tudents ight ae se istaes正All students ight ae se istaes析非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all f结构，也就是讲all f结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有：all the ear rund, all ee, all da, all inter误The all village as flded正All the village as flded析all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。误The pst ffie is n ther side f the street正The pst ffie is n the t

20、her side f the street析单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用anther,而特指时则要用the ther,因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。 单数 复数 泛指 anther形容词 作定语 作名词 anther代词 ther thers 特指 the ther形容词 the ther代词 the ther the thers 误There are ten students here here are the thers students?正There are ten students herehere are the thers?正

21、There are ten students here here are the ther students?析the thers=the ther students误The ld an has t sns ne is a teaher, anther is a dtr正The ld an has t sns ne is a teaher, the ther is a dtr析anther用于泛指，如：Is it far fr here t the statin?I srr I have n idea ne a sa it is quite near; anther a sa it is fa

22、r fr here但在特指时则要用the ther它可以用作定语，the ther ne,也可以用作代词the ther,但the ther用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时，则要用neantherthe ther或者nea sendthe third误Se peple lie sprts The thers lie reading正Se peple lie sprts thers lie reading析在泛指的复数名词前用sethersthers表示某些人某些人某些人。误Please reeber t ater the flers eah ther da正Plea

23、se reeber t ater the flers ever ther da析ever ther da为每隔一天。是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如：n the ther hand另一方面。误an n hi， but fe lies hi正an n hi, but fe lie hi析fe用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但fe作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，而a fe为有一些。误u have fe friends, havent u?正u have fe friends, have u?析little与fe用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。误uh f hat u said are true正uh f h

24、at u said is true析uh用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而an用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。误This r is enugh large fr the students t live in正This r is large enugh fr the students t live in析enugh 可以用作代词，如：There is enugh f the fd 又如：Enugh has been dne fr the r，但enugh 还可以作形容词修饰名词，这时enugh可以放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，如：ne enugh 与enugh ne都是对

25、的。但当enugh作副词修饰形容词时，则只能置于形容词之后了。误I ant an bs t read D u have an?正I ant se bs t read D u have an?析按照语法an用于疑问句和否定句，而se用于肯定句。误uld u lie an thing t drin?正uld u lie sething t drin?析在由uld u lie发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用se而不用an。误Sene ant t eet u正Sene ants t eet u析不定代词应被看作单数，即使用and连接

26、两个不定代词，也要看作单数，如： Anne and everne has the right 任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。误Ne r is uh lder in inter than befre正It is uh lder in Ne r in inter than befre析it常常用在英的句子中代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如：It is ten l n (代时间)It is far fr here t the airprt (代距离)It is ver ht(代天气)It is ver diffiult t learn English ell (作形式

27、主语)e fund it ver diffiult t anser the questin (作形式宾语)误Be areful Dnt drin t an正Be areful Dnt drin t uh析这里uh所代的应是饮料或水，所以应为不可数名词。 (三) 例题解析1 These are bs urs are ver thereA I B e D ine 答案B析这里应用形容词性物主代词。 2 is she? She is a teaherA hat B H h D here 答案A析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。hat is she?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是

28、做什么的?”而H is she?应译为“她身体如何?”而h is she?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而here is she?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。3 is rng ith ath It has stppedA Sething, ring B Sething, t r An thing, ring D Anthing, t r 答案A析因为是肯定句所以应用Sething,其后由于表停止工作了，则stp后要用动名词。4 ar, help t the bananas, pleaseA u B ur urself D urselves 答案析help n

29、eself t sething为“自己拿某物”。urself为“你一个人”，而urselves为“你们”。 d u g t shl ever da? B busA H B h hen D here 答案A析这题的答案是由问句决定的。 6 sirt is ppular thanA uh, her B uh, hers re, her D re, hers 答案D析因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。7 an u spea English? es, but nlA fe B a fe little D a little答案D析因会讲某种语言的多少要用a littl

30、e,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。8 rSith is an ld friend fA I B e D ine 答案D析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择。9 “ d u hear fr ur parents?”“Abut ne a nth”A H lng B H an H ften D H uh 答案析H ften问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。10 r Green uldnt sa at the eetingA everthing B nthing anthing D sething 答案析在否定句中应用anthing11 “u, Anns ing tnight Lets give her t eat”“Gd idea!”A anthing nie B nie anthing sething