经济学原理对应练习08.docx

1、经济学原理对应练习 08Chapter 8Application: The Costs of TaxationMultiple Choice 1. In 1776, the American Revolution was sparked by anger overa. the extravagant lifestyle of British royalty.b. the crimes of British soldiers stationed in the American colonies.c. British taxes imposed on the American colonies.d

2、. the failure of the British to protect American colonists from attack by hostile Native Americans.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 2. Anger over British taxes played a significant role in bringing abouta. the election of John Adams as the second American president.b. the Am

3、erican Revolution.c. the War of 1812.d. the “no new taxes” clause in the U.S. Constitution.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 3. When Ronald Reagan ran for the presidency in 1980, he pledged to bring abouta. large cuts in personal income taxes.b. large cuts in payroll taxes.c.

4、 large increases in personal income taxes.d. large increases in payroll taxes.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 4. Which U.S. president lost his bid for re-election, in part because he had broken an earlier campaign promise to refrain from imposing any new taxes?a. Lyndon B.

5、Johnsonb. Jimmy Carterc. George H.W. Bushd. Bill ClintonANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 5. During Ronald Reagans presidency, the top tax rate on income fell froma. 36 percent to 22 percent.b. 50 percent to 22 percent.c. 50 percent to 28 percent.d. 70 percent to 28 percent.A

6、NS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-0TOP: Tax rates MSC: Definitional 6. In recent decades, which of the following U.S. presidents promised tax cuts and subsequently delivered tax cuts?a. Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reaganb. Ronald Reagan and Bill Clintonc. Gerald Ford and George W. Bushd. Ronald Reagan and Geor

7、ge W. BushANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 7. Who once said that taxes are the price we pay for a civilized society?a. Aristotleb. George Washingtonc. Oliver Wendell Holmesd. Ronald ReaganANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 8. To fully understand how ta

8、xes affect economic well-being, we musta. assume that economic well-being is not affected if all tax revenue is spent on goods and services for the people who are being taxed.b. know the dollar amount of all taxes raised in the country each year.c. compare the reduced welfare of buyers and sellers t

9、o the amount of revenue the government raises.d. take into account the fact that almost all taxes reduce the welfare of buyers, increase the welfare of sellers, and raise revenue for the government.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes | Economic welfare MSC: Interpretive 9. Oliver Wendell Holmes

10、once said taxesa. are the price we pay for a civilized society.b. are a fact of life.c. cannot be escaped unless you are in jail.d. can be avoided only by the rich.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes MSC: Definitional 10. When a tax is levied on a good, the buyers and sellers of the good share t

11、he burden, a. provided the tax is levied on the sellers.b. provided the tax is levied on the buyers.c. provided a portion of the tax is levied on the buyers, with the remaining portion levied on the sellers.d. regardless of how the tax is levied.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax burden MSC: Inte

12、rpretive 11. A tax on a gooda. raises the price that buyers effectively pay and raises the price that sellers effectively receive.b. raises the price that buyers effectively pay and lowers the price that sellers effectively receive.c. lowers the price that buyers effectively pay and raises the price

13、 that sellers effectively receive.d. lowers the price that buyers effectively pay and lowers the price that sellers effectively receive.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Prices MSC: Interpretive 12. When a good is taxed,a. both buyers and sellers of the good are made worse off.b. only buyers a

14、re made worse off, because they ultimately bear the burden of the tax.c. only sellers are made worse off, because the government holds them responsible for sending in the tax payments.d. neither buyers nor sellers are made worse off, since tax revenue is used to provide goods and services that would

15、 otherwise not be provided in a market economy.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes | Economic welfare MSC: Interpretive 13. To measure the gains and losses from a tax on a good, economists use the tools of a. macroeconomics.b. welfare economics.c. international-trade theory.d. circular-flow anal

16、ysis.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes | Economic welfare MSC: Interpretive 14. When a tax is imposed on a good,a. the supply curve for the good always shifts.b. the demand curve for the good always shifts.c. the amount of the good that buyers are willing to buy at each price always remains un

17、changed.d. the equilibrium quantity of the good always decreases.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes | Equilibrium quantity MSC: Interpretive 15. A tax levied on the sellers of a good shifts thea. supply curve upward (or to the left).b. supply curve downward (or to the right).c. demand curve upw

18、ard (or to the right).d. demand curve downward (or to the left).ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Supply curve MSC: Interpretive 16. A tax levied on the buyers of a good shifts thea. supply curve upward (or to the left).b. supply curve downward (or to the right).c. demand curve downward (or to

19、 the left).d. demand curve upward (or to the right).ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Demand curve MSC: Interpretive 17. When a tax is imposed on the buyers of a good, the demand curve shiftsa. downward by the amount of the tax.b. upward by the amount of the tax.c. downward by less than the am

20、ount of the tax.d. upward by more than the amount of the tax.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Demand curve MSC: Interpretive 18. When a tax is imposed on the sellers of a good, a. the demand curve shifts downward by less than the amount of the tax.b. the demand curve shifts downward by the am

21、ount of the tax.c. the supply curve shifts upward by less than the amount of the tax.d. the supply curve shifts upward by the amount of the tax.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Supply curve MSC: Interpretive 19. A tax placed on buyers of tires shiftsa. the demand curve for tires downward, dec

22、reasing the price received by sellers of tires and causing the market for tires to expand.b. the demand curve for tires downward, decreasing the price received by sellers of tires and causing the market for tires to shrink.c. the supply curve for tires upward, decreasing the effective price paid by

23、buyers of tires and causing the market for tires to expand.d. the supply curve for tires upward, increasing the effective price paid by buyers of tires and causing the market for tires to shrink.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Demand curve | Equilibrium quantity MSC: Applicative 20. Buyers o

24、f a product will bear the larger part of the tax burden, and sellers will bear a smaller part of the tax burden, when a. the tax is placed on the sellers of the product.b. the tax is placed on the buyers of the product.c. the supply of the product is more elastic than the demand for the product.d. t

25、he demand for the product is more elastic than the supply of the product.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidence MSC: Applicative 21. Sellers of a product will bear the larger part of the tax burden, and buyers will bear a smaller part of the tax burden, when a. the tax is placed on the sell

26、ers of the product.b. the tax is placed on the buyers of the product.c. the supply of the product is more elastic than the demand for the product.d. the demand for the product is more elastic than the supply of the product.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidence MSC: Applicative 22. When a t

27、ax is imposed on a good for which the supply is relatively elastic and the demand is relatively inelastic,a. buyers of the good will bear most of the burden of the tax.b. sellers of the good will bear most of the burden of the tax.c. the effective price paid by buyers of the good will decrease.d. th

28、e size of the market for the good will expand.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidence MSC: Applicative 23. Suppose a tax is imposed on the buyers of fast-food hamburgers. The burden of the tax will a. fall entirely on the buyers of fast-food hamburgers.b. fall entirely on the sellers of fast

29、-food hamburgers.c. be shared equally by the buyers and sellers of fast-food hamburgers.d. be shared by the buyers and sellers of fast-food hamburgers, but not necessarily equally.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidence MSC: Interpretive 24. It does not matter whether a tax is levied on the

30、buyers or the sellers of a good becausea. sellers always bear the full burden of the tax.b. buyers always bear the full burden of the tax.c. buyers and sellers will share the burden of the tax.d. None of the above is correct; the incidence of the tax does depend on whether the buyers or the sellers

31、are required to pay the tax.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidence MSC: Interpretive 25. When a tax is imposed on a good for which demand is elastic and supply is elastic, a. sellers effectively pay the majority of the tax.b. buyers effectively pay the majority of the tax.c. the tax burden

32、is equally divided between buyers and sellers.d. None of the above is correct; further information would be required to determine how the burden of the tax is distributed between buyers and sellers.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidence MSC: Interpretive 26. When cigarettes are taxed and sellers of cigarettes are required to