专题十四 状语从句修改.docx

1、专题十四 状语从句修改状语从句第课时【基础知识】 九种常见的状语从句及其常用的连接词：状语从句从属连词时 间when，while，as，before，after，as soon as，till，until，not until，whenever, the moment，the minute, immediately，instantly, directly, each time, next time, the firstsecondlast time，hardly when，scarcely when，no sooner than；地 点where, wherever原 因because, as,

2、 since, now that目 的so that, in order that, in case(以防)结 果so that, sothat, suchthat 比 较as, than, asas, not soas, the morethe more条 件if, unless, as/ so long as, in case, provided/ providing, suppose/ supposing方 式as, as if, as though让 步as, though, although, even if, no matter + wh-, wh+ever, 时间状语从句一、wh

3、en，while和as1. when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。 如： When I lived there，I used to go to the seashore on Sundays _(当电影结束的时候，激动的人们不愿离去) 当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如：As a young man (= When he was a young man)，he was fond of hunting2while引导的动作

4、必须是持续性的。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working3从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边，(一边)”或“随着”。如： He hurried home，looking behind as he went._（随着时间的流失，天变的越来越暖和了）。4when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“在那时，在这时”，相当于and at thisthat time。常用于下列句式：Somebody was doing something when；Somebody was about to dogoing to

5、 doon the point of doing something when；Somebody had just done something when。如： We were having a meeting when someone broke in We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain 此外，when还表示原因，“既然”。如： It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minute

6、s5while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。如： He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music6 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。如： WhenWhileAs I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine 【题组训练】 用when，while，as填空： _I was walking down the street，I noticed a police c

7、ar in front of the store _John arrived，I was cooking lunch _he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening How can he get good grades_he wont study? I was wandering through the street_I caught sigh of a tailors shop _the grandparents love the children，they are strict with them二、as so

8、on as，immediately，directly，instantly，the momentthe minute，the instant，once (一 就) 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如： The moment I hear the voice，I know father is coming The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother 注意：no soonerthan；hardlyscarcelywhen这一结构的时态搭配：no soon

9、er与hardlyscarcely引导的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardlyscarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。如： I had hardly got home when it began to rain Hardly had I got home when it began to rain 【题组训练】汉译英： 一到家，他们就会打电话_ 他一见她就笑_三、till, until和notuntil1肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：

10、 He remained there until she arrived You may stay here until the rain stops 2否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed tilluntil she returns3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装用法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it

11、(强调句型) Not until you told me did I have any idea of it(not until置于句首，主句要倒装) 【题组训练】句型转换：I didnt leave until she came back _ _she came back_ _leave_ _not until she came back_I_四、before和since1若表达“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及”时，需用连词before。如：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw landWe hadnt run a m

12、ile before he felt tired _(在你还未忘记之前，请把它写下来) _(我还未来的及说话，他已经为我量好了尺寸)2. it will be/ was +一段时间 + before多久之后才。如：It wasnt long before we met again_(半年之后，我才会回来)3. since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应地，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：I have written home four times since I came hereShe h

13、as been working in this factory since she left school4在“It is + 一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如：It is three years since the war broke out战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar(=since I stopped smoking a cigar)我不吸烟有3年了。如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”。应为：It is three years since I began to s

14、moke题组训练 英译汉（注意区别）： It is three years since she came to our class It is three years since he lived here 五、every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。如：EveryEach time I was in trouble，he would come to help me outNext time you come, do remember to bring your so

15、n hereThe last time she saw James，he was lying in bedThe first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervousYou are welcome to come back any time you want to题组训练 选择when、before、since或until填空：1 Three years had passed_I knew it Let me take down what you have said_I forget It may take ten years or more_t

16、he scientists can find a cure for AIDS It is several weeks_my father got drunk last time We were chatting happily on the Internet_the light went out Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time_ Brian gets back.7 Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time_ B

17、rian gets back. I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully appreciated their mothers _it was too late to tell them 一What time did he come back yesterday? 一It was not yet twelve oclock _he arrived home Tom was so angry_ he heard his friend betrayed him_ he tore the letter into two imm

18、ediately.第课时地点状语从句和原因状语从句一、地点状语从句1引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。如：Where there is a will，there is a wayWherever there is smoke，there is a fire2注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：英译汉If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans

19、do._句型转换 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions换为定语从句：_Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher.Ain where Bin which Cthe place where Dwhere二、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that，in that（because）,每个连词的含义不尽相同。 如： 一Wh

20、y are you absent from the meeting? 一 Because I am ill As it is raining，we shall not go to the park Now thatSince everybody is here，lets begin our meeting I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.此外，并列连词for加分句也可表示原因，for与后面的分句可对前面的分句起补充说明作用。如：It must ha

21、ve raind last night，for it is wet all over昨天晚上一定下雨了，因为到处都湿漉漉的。题组训练 单项选择： After the war, a new school building was put up_there once been a theatre I have kept the portrait_I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London._that my head had cleared, my brain was also beg

22、inning to work much better 三、目的状语从句和结果状语从句(一)、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case等。1in order that与so that两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。如：Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me In order that we might

23、see the sunrise，we started for the peak early2for fear that，in case这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形，它本身带有否定意义。相当于so thatnot或in order thatnot。如：The boy hid himself behind the tree in casefor fear that his father should see himTake your raincoat in case it should rain(二)、结果状语从句1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that,

24、 sothat, suchthat。在非正式语体中，由sothat，suchthat引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式： so+形容词副词+that从句 so+形容词+aan+可数名词单数形式+that从句 so+manymuchfewlittle(少)+名词+that从句 such+aan+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句 such+形容词+可数名词复数形式不可数名词+that从句 such+a lot oflots of+名词十that从句如：Mike is _ an honest worker that we all believe him.= Mike is _ hon

25、est a worker that we all believe him.It is _fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned _ little money that he couldnt support his family.当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.题组训练用适当的连词填空：1 It is not surprising that

26、_little worms eat_little grain.2 Can you believe that in_a rich country there should be_many poor people?3 He is_smart a boy that I like him very much.四、条件状语从句和方式状语从句(一)、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if , unless ( = if not ,除非)，so /as long as (只要)，in case (万一)，on condition that (条件是)，suppose /sopposing (假设，如

27、果)，provided that (如果)等。如：Youll fail the exam unless you study hard (= if you dont study hard ).As long as you dont lose heart , you will succeed.Suppose /Supposing (that) they refuse us , who else can we turn to for help ?In case there is a fire , what will you do first ?(二)、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as

28、, as if , as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如：Do as you are told to , or youll be fired .The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son .【同步测评】1. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get it.Aeven if Bwhich Cwhere Dso that2. I wont call yo

29、u, _ something unexpected happens.3. If you want to do the job once more, youd better be more careful _ you make mistakes.4. _ rapid progress has he made that we all admire him.第课时让步状语从句和比较状语从句一、让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：1. although /though（尽管，虽然），even though /even if（即使），although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或neverth