人教版高一英语语法详解及练习.docx

1、人教版高一英语语法详解及练习1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, may（might）或could（不用can），其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；should的语气次之，译为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；may（might），could的语气最弱，译为“也许”、“可能”。Helen _ go on the trip with us but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. canIve taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.I

2、t _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could beI have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere.A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been droppedIf I _ plan to do anything I wanted to ,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of

3、 it as possible. A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to2. 否定推测分为两种情况：1）语气不很肯定时，常用may not, might not或could not，译为“可能不”、“也许不”。You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _ not like the design of the furniture. （2004年上海春季卷）A. must B. shall C. may D. need2）否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为“根本不可能”、

4、“想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well. He _ have gone farhis coats still here.A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can

5、或could。Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）A. can B. should C. may D. must4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式”；否定推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式”。I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at lea

6、st 150 kilometers an hour.A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have doneHe _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. （2005年北京卷）A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cantTom is never late for work. Why is be absent today?Somethi

7、ng _ to him. A. must happen B. should have happenedC. could have happened D. must have happened My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_ have attended your lecture.（2000年上海卷）A. couldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt二、“情态动词+完成式”1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表

8、示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. A ought to tell B would have toldC must tell D should have toldOh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat2. “could+完成

9、式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need3. “neednt+不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。 Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could

10、 manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done三、常见的情态动词1. shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shallExc

11、use me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要”；mustnt表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。John, lo

12、ok at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour？ A. Must B. Can C. May D. NeedTom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！A. wouldntB. mustntC. needntD. may not3. neednt表示“没有必要”。 Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. ne

13、ednt D. shouldnt4. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. would B. should C. had better D. might5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. wou

14、ld C. was able to D. could6. 考查情态动词用作答语的情况Write to me when you get home. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can Could I call you by your first name？Yes, you _. A. will B. could C. may D. might巩固练习：1. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. I told

15、Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out3. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived4. Sir

16、, you _be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. can C. must D. will6. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not.

17、 He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may7. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can B. will C. may D. shall8. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.A. might B. need C. should D. would9

18、. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. _.A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent10. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She_ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken例题答案Key: C D B B Key: C Key: C A Key：A Ke

19、y: B B D A Key: D CKey：A Key: B Key: D A B Key: A B Key: C Key: A Key：C Key：C C练习答案与解析1. B 从第二个分句“他太矮了”可以推知说话者持否定态度，neednt意思是“没有必要”，与语境不符。2. C 根据句意“我已经告诉她怎样到那儿，但是或许我应该给她写下来”可知，说话者含有“后悔、遗憾”的意味，应使用“情态动词+完成式”形式，“must+完成式”表示对过去的肯定推测，“should+完成式”才表示虚拟意义。3. C 根据第二分句“否则的话他就会给我打电话了”可知“Jack肯定还没到”，“cant+完成式”意

20、思是“根本不可能”。4. A 从第二分句可知，这是妇女和儿童专用候车室，因此你“不准”坐在这儿。mustnt表示“禁止，不准”。5. B can在此表示许可。6. D 从后一句“他喜欢开车”可知说话者把握不大。must not不表示推测，can not的语气太绝对，意思是“根本不可能”。7. D shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。8. C should在此表示惊讶的感情色彩，意思是“竟然”。9. B 对祈使句的肯定回答用I will；否定回答用I wont。10. D 根据句意“我今天上午在会议室没见到她”，所以“她根本不可能在会上发言”。表示“根本不

21、可能”用cant/couldnt have done形式。定语从句（一）结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly adva

22、ncing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their ha

23、bitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必

24、要的描述或说明，缺少它，则句义显得不完整，从句与先行词紧密相连。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and w

25、et, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.（三）关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词，这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who

26、saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点（一）当先行词有最高级，序数词修饰，是不定代词，或是all, no, only等形式时，关系代词一般用that，而不能用which。1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worr

27、ying me.（二）当先行词是表示时间，地点，原因的词时，关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that1. Im very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didnt tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that

28、 he gave us about his absence at the meeting.（三）定语从句的简化表达： 1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明：以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来：1. The man sitting on