计算机专业英语词句考试重点.docx

1、计算机专业英语词句考试重点Differenttypesandsizesofcomputersfindusesthroughoutsocietyinthestorageandhandlingofdata,fromsecretgovernmentalfilestobanking transactionstoprivatehouseholdaccounts.在整个社会，不同型号和不同大小的计算机被用于存储和处理各种数据，从政府保密文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。Computer crime has become one of the many risks that are part of the pr

2、ice of modern technology.计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。During World War II ,a team of scientists and mathematicians, working at Bletchley Park,north of London,created one of the first all-electronic digital computers:Colossus.二次世界大战期间，以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家，制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。The instructions

3、,like the data,were stored within a ” memory ”,freeing the computer from the speed limitations of the paper-tape reader during execution and permitting problems to be solved without rewiring the computer.指令像数据一样存储在“存储器”中，使计算机在执行过程中摆脱了纸带阅读器的速度限制，并使问题在不给计算机重新接线的情况下得以解决。The complete collection of recog

4、nizable patterns -the total list of operations-of which a computer is capable is called its instruction set.一台计算机能够处理的全部可识别模式操作总清单称为指令集。Modern digital computers are all conceptually similar,regardless of size.无论尺寸大小，现代数字计算机在概念上都是类似的。The minicomputer,generally too expensive for personal use,with capa

5、bilities suited to a business,school,or laboratory.小型计算机，一般就个人使用而言太昂贵，其性能适合于工商，学校和实验室。 The microprocessor became a reality in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the large-scale integrated circuit,with many thousands of interconnected transistors etched into a single silicon substrate.20世纪70年代中期，

6、随着大规模集成电路和后来的超大规模集成电路（微芯片）的采用，成千上万个彼此相连的晶体管被蚀刻在一块硅衬底上，于是微处理器成为现实。 A group of eight bits is called a byte,each byte containing 256 possible patterns of ONs and OFFs.8个位为一组，称为一个字节；每个字节包含256个开与关的可能模式.1.Software, on the other hand, is the set of instruction a computer uses to manipulate data, such as a

7、word-processing program or a video game.另一方面，软件是计算机用来处理数据的一套指令，如文字处理程序或电子游戏。3.The two most common scanner types are the flatbed scanner, which is similar to an office photocopier, and the hand-held scanner, which is passed manually across the image to be processed. 两种最常见的扫描仪类型是平板扫描仪和手持式扫描仪，前者类似一台办公室

8、用复印机，后者用手动的方式从要处理的图像上扫过。 4.A modem, which stands for modulator-demodulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer. 调制解调器代表调制器解调器，是将计算机与电话线连接、允许信息传送给或接收自另一台计算机的设备。5.The information sent from one computer

9、is converted by the modem into an audio signal, which is then transmitted by telephone lines to the receiving modem, which converts the signal into information that the receiving computer can understand. 一台计算机发送的信息由调制解调器转换成音频信号，然后通过电话线传送到接收端调制解调器，由其将信号转换成接收端计算机能够理解的信息。6.A serial connection is a wire

10、 or set of wires used to transfer information from the CPU to an external device such as a mouse, keyboard, modem, scanner, and some types of printers. 串行连接是一根或一组导线，用于将信息从中央处理器传送到外部设备，如鼠标、键盘、调制解调器、扫描仪和一些类型的打印机。7.Components in these categories connect to microprocessors, specifically, the computers c

11、entral processing unit (CPU), the electronic circuitry that provides the computational ability and control of computer, via wires or circuitry called bus.这些类别的部件与微处理器相连接，特别是与计算机的中央处理器相连接。中央处理器系电子线路，它通过称为总线的线路或电路来提供计算能力和对计算机进行控制。8.A bus provides a common interconnected system composed of a group of w

12、ires or circuitry that coordinates and moves information between the internal parts of a computer.总线提供了一种常见的互连系统。 它由一组导线或电路组成，在计算机的内部组成部分之间协调和移动信息。1.Programming languages,in computer science,are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions(a computer program)that can be run by a

13、 computer.在计算机科学中，编程语言是用于编写可由计算机运行的一系列指令（计算机程序）的人工语言。2.The languages used to program computers must have simple logical structures,and the rules for their grammar,spelling,and punctuation must be precise.用于计算机编程的语言必须有简单的逻辑结构，它们的语法、拼写和标点符号规则必须精确。3.Some programming languages are written to address a p

14、articular kind of computing problem or for use on a particular model of computer system.一些编程语言是为了处理特定类型的计算问题或为了用于特定型号的计算机系统而编写的。4.Other languages,such as machine languages,are designed to be used by one specific model of computer system,or even by one specific computer in certain research applicatio

15、ns.其他的语言，如机器语言，是为一种特定型号的计算机系统，甚至是一台特定的计算机，在某些研究领域使用而编写的。5.The most commonly used programming languages are highly portable and can be used to effectively solve diverse types of computing problems.最常用的编程语言具有很高的可移植性，可以用于有效地解决不同类型的计算问题。6.Assembly languages are intermediate languages that are close to m

16、achine languages and do not have the level of linguistic sophistication exhibited by other high-level languages,but must still be translated into machine language.汇编语言是中级语言，非常接近于机器语言，没有其他高级语言所表现出的语言复杂程度，但仍然得翻译成机器语言。7.While all executable programs are eventually read by the computer in machine langua

17、ge,they are not all programmed in machine language.尽管所有的可执行程序最终都是以机器语言的形式被计算机读入的，但它们并非都是用机器语言编写的。8.A typical instruction in machine language might read 10010 1100 1011 and mean add the contents of storage register A to the contents of storage register B.一条典型的机器语言指令可能写成10010 1100 1011，它的意思是把存储寄存器A的内容

18、加到存储寄存器B的内容中。9.High-Level languages are relatively sophisticated sets of statements utilizing words and syntax from human language.高级语言是相对复杂的一系列语句，它们使用来自人类语言的词汇和句法。10.Assembly languages are also used when some part of the computer has to be controlled directly ,such as individual dots on a monitor o

19、r the flow of individual characters to a printer.汇编语言也用于计算机的某个部分必须被直接控制的情况，如监视器上的单个点或者单个字符向打印机的流动。11.High-level/languages/are/commonly/classified/as/procedure-oriented,functional,object-oriented,or logic languages.高级语言通常分为面向过程语言、函数式语言、面向对象语言或逻辑语言。12.This simplifies programming by reducing the need t

20、o be concerned with the exact order of statement execution,since a variable does not have to be redeclared, or restated,each time it is used in a program statement.这样，通过减少对语句执行的确切顺序给予关注的必要性，就简化了编程，因为一个变量没有必要每次在一个程序语句中用到，都重新声明或重新说明。13.In object-oriented languages ,the code used to write the program a

21、nd the data processed by the program are grouped together into units called objects.在面向对象语言中，用来编写程序的代码和由程序处理的数据，组合成叫做对象的单元。14.Classes of objects can also be the further grouped into hierarchies,in which objects of one class can inherit methods from another class.对象的类也可进一步组合成层，而在层中一个类的对象可继承另一个类的方法。15

22、.The structure provided in object-oriented languages makes them very useful for complicated programming tasks面向对象语言提供的这种结构，使该语言对于复杂的编程任务非常有用。.16.A logic program consists of sets of facts and if-then rules,which specify how one set of facts may be deduced from others,for example:If the statement X is

23、 true, then the statement Y is false.逻辑程序由事实组和“如果-则”规则构成，“如果-则”规则具体说明一组事实如何可以从其他事实组中推断出来，例如：如果X语句为真，则Y语句为假。17.In the execution of such a program,an input statement can be logically deduced from other statements in the program. 在这样一个程序执行过程中，一条输入语句可以按照逻辑从程序的其他语句推断出来。18.A statement in a program is a ba

24、sic sentence that expresses a simple idea its purpose is to give the computer a basic instruction. 程序中的一个语句是表达一个简单想法的基本句子它的目的是给计算机一条基本指令。19.Statements define the types of data allowed，how data are to be manipulated,and the ways that procedures and functions work.语句定义所允许的数据类型、数据如何处理以及过程和函数的工作方式。20.Va

25、riables that are pointers do not themselves have values; instead, they have information that the computer can use to locate some other variable that is, they point to another variable.指针变量本身没有值，而是含有计算机可以用来查找某个其他变量的信息也就是说，它们指向另一个变量。23.Procedure and function statements define certain blocks of code as

26、 procedures or functions that can then be returned to later in the program.过程和函数语句将某些代码块定义为以后可在程序中回调的过程或函数。24.These statements also define the kinds of variables and parameters the programmer can choose and the procedure or function.这些语句也定义程序员可选的变量和参数种类，以及当表达式访问过程或函数时代码所返回的值的类型。25.Many programming l

27、anguages also permit minitranslation programs called macros.许多编程语言也容许叫做宏的小翻译程序。26.Macros translate segments of code that have been written in a language structure defined by the programmer into statements that the programming language understands.宏将那些用程序员定义的语言结构编写的代码段翻译成编程语言可以理解的语句。27.SMALLTALK was

28、a highly influential object-language that led to the merging of object-oriented and procedure language in C+ and more recently in JAVA.SMALLTALK语言是一种具有高度影响力的面向对象语言，它导致了面向对象语言和过程语言在C+和更近期的JAVA语言中的结合。28.Although pure logic language have decline in popularity , varations have become vitally important i

29、n the form of relational language for modern database，such as SQL. 尽管纯粹逻辑语言的流行程度已经下降，但其以关系语言形式用于现代数据库的变种却变得非常重要，如结构化查询语句。1.Programming languages , in computer science , are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions在计算机科学中，编程语言是用于编写可由计算机运行的一系列指令（计算机程序）的人工语言。2.Programming langu

30、ages vary greatly in their sophistication and in their degree of versatility .编程语言在复杂性和通用程度上差异很大。 3.Programming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages .编程语言可分为低级语言和高级语言。低级编程语言或机器语言，是编程语言中最基础的类型，可以被计算机直接理解。4.In machine languages ,instructions are written as

31、sequences of 1s and 0s , called bits , that a computer can understand directly在机器语言中，指令被写成计算机能够直接理解的1和0（称作位）序列。5.High-level languages are relatively sophisticated sets of statements utilizing words and syntax from human languages .高级语言是相对复杂的一系列语句，它们使用来自人类语言的词汇和句法。6.Computer programmers use assembly

32、languages to make machine-language programs easier to write .计算机程序员通过使用汇编语言，使机器语言程序比较容易编写。7.High-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented functional ,object-oriented , or logic Languages .高级语言通常分为面向过程语言、函数式语言、面向对象语言或逻辑语言。8.Functional languages treat procedures like mathematical functions and allow them to be processed like any other data in a program .函数式语言像对待数学函数一样对待过程，并允许像处理程序中的任何其他数据一样处理它们。9.Object-oriented languages are outgr