1、全国职称英语等级考试试题理工类全国职称英语等级考试试题(理工类)第一部分阅读理解(75分) Passage1 CATVisashortwayofsayingcommunityantenna(天线)television.Butcabletelevisionisthetermmostpeopleuse.CabletelevisionallowsviewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthattheycannotpickupwiththeirregularantennas. Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthecurve(曲线)oftheearth.Theytr
2、avelinstraightlinesinalldirections.SignalsfromaTVstationmovetowardthehorizon(水平线)andthengointospace.Ifyouliveonlyafewmilesfromastation,youmaynotgetanypictureatall. CATVbeganin1948.PeopleinplacesfarfromTVstationssharedthecostofputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawasusuallyplacedonahill,amountain,o
3、ronahightower.TheantennapickedupTVsignalsandfedthemintoasmalllocalstation.Fromthestation,thickwirescalledcablesranouttonearbyhomes.Eachpersonusingthecablepaidamonthlycharge. CATVworkedwell,andsoonnewuseswerefoundforit.Localstationscouldfeedprogramsintoemptychannelsthatwerenotinuse.Peoplealongthecabl
4、ecouldhavelocalnews,weatherreports,andfarmandschoolnewsatnoextracharge. Today,cabletelevisionhasmovedintocities.Itbringsinextraprogramsthatcityviewerswithregularantennascannotsee.Itisalsousedinmanyclassroomsthroughoutthecountry. 1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat_. A.mostpeopleusecabletelevision B.co
5、mmunityantennaisanothernameforregularantenna C.acommunityantennaisusedforcabletelevision D.regularantennascannotpickupTVsignalsprograms 2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOTthewayTVsignalstravel? A.Inacurve. B.Inastraightline. C.Inalldirection. D.Towardthehorizon. 3.CableTVisbecomingmoreandpopularbecause_. A.
6、itisfreeofcharge B.itcanprovidemoreprograms C.itprovidesallTVusersgoodpictures D.TVsetswithregularantennascanalsohaveagoodreceptionthroughCATV 4.Onthewhole,thispassageisabout_. A.howtoputuphighantennas B.awayofpickingupbetterTVprograms C.howtousetheemptychannelsonyourTVset D.thewaythatTVsignalsarese
7、nt 5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_. A.TVhasbeguntobeusedforeducationalpurposes B.thereisnochargeforCATV C.cableTVcannotbeusedinmountainousareas D.antennasforcableTVareusuallyputupinthecenterofacommunity Passage2 Inearliesttimes,menconsideredlightningtobeoneofthegreatmysteriesofnature.Someancientpeop
8、lebelievedthatlightningandthunderweretheweaponsofthegods. Inreality,lightningisaflowofelectricityformedhighabovetheearth.Asingleflashoflightning1.6kilometerslonghasenoughelectricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs. TheAmericanscientistandstatesman,BenjaminFranklin,wasthefirsttoshowtheconnectionbetweenele
9、ctricityandlightningin1752.Inthesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstlightningrod.Thisdeviceprotectsbuildingsfromdamagebylightning. Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightingcontainsmorethan15millionvolts.Asparkbetweenacloudandtheearthmaybeaslongas13kilometers,andtravelataspeedof30millionmeterspersecon
10、d. Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout2000millionflashesoflightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStatesalongitkillsanaverageofonepersoneveryday. Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisinaclosedcar.Outside,oneshouldgotolowgroundandnotgetunde
11、rtrees.Also,oneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrommetalfences.Insideahouse,peopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysandwindowsandnottouchwiresormetalthings. Withlightning,itisbettertobesafethansorry! 6.Lightningisreally_. A.weapon B.electricity C.light D.mystery 7.Peopleoncethoughthatlightningcamefrom_. A.scientist
12、s B.ground C.lightningrod D.gods 8.Oneflashoflightningcanproduceenoughelectricityfor_bulbs. A.10,000 B.1,000 C.1,000,000 D.100 9.BenjaminFranklin_. A.madethefirstlightningrod B.inventedelectricity C.builttheEmpireStateBuilding D.preventedLightningfromhittingcars 10._isthebestplacetobeduringanelectri
13、calstorm. A.Swimmingpool B.ahighground C.Underatree D.Acar Passage3 Becauseoftheenergycrisis,scientistsintheoil-consumingnationshavebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinthepotential(潜在的)ofsolarenergy.Someexpertsestimatethatthepresentsupplyoffossil(化石)fuelwillnotlastuntiltheendofthetwentiethcentury.Theprobl
14、emthatsolarenergyresearchersfaceishowtoharness(利用)thesunsenergyeffectivelyandinexpensively.Oneofthemostpopularmethodscurrentlybeingtestedusesrooftopsolarcollectorsandundergroundstoragetanks.Anadvantageofaproperlyworkingsystemofthistypeisthatitwillnotcreateanyenvironmentalpollution.Anotheradvantageof
15、usingsolarenergyisthatthecostofthefuel-thesunsrays-iszero.Whenasolarheatingsystemisworkingatmaximum(最大的)efficiency,itcanprovideupto80percentofwinterheatingneeds. 11.Themaintopicofthispassageis_. A.theshortageoffossilfuel B.theproblemsthatenergyresearchersface C.anenvironmentalpollutionproblem D.anin
16、expensiveenergysource 12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystemmakesuseof_. A.roofcollectorsandundergroundstorage B.fossilfuelconversion C.undergroundoiltanks D.watercollectionandevaporation 13.Thecostofusingthesunsraysforheatingis_. A.aboutthesameasthecostoffossilfuels B.severalhundreddollarsperyear C.neglig
17、iblecomparedwithotherenergysources D.determinedbytheseverityofthewinter 14.Whichofthefollowingdescribesanadvantageofusingsolarenergy? A.Thereislittleornoenvironmentalpollution. B.Alargepercentageoffuelcostscanbesaved. C.Fossilfuelswillbecomemoreplentiful. D.Theoil-consumingnationswillnothavetoimport
18、oil. 15.Accordingtosomeexperts,thesupplyoffossilfuelwillnotlast_. A.onemorecentury B.anindeterminabletime C.untiltheendofthiscentury D.indefinitely 第二部分完成句子(25分) 根据短文内容完成句子,每个空格只能填一个单词。有的单词第一个字母已经给出,请将其余字母补全。 Notlongago,anairplanewasflyingoverNewZealand.Therewasatelevisioncameracrewonboard.Suddenly,
19、outinthenightsky,abrightsphere(球体)cameintoview.Everyoneonboardsawitandeveryonethough,UFO-UnidentifiedFlyingObject.Thecameracrewwentintoactionandstartedfilming.Thatweekpeopleallovertheworldsawthefilmofthismysteriouslightontheirtelevisionscreens.Whatwasit?Wasitaspaceshipfullofvisitorsfromanotherplanet
20、?Thecaptainoftheaeroplaneandthefilmcrewbelieveditwas.Otherobservershadmanydifferentexplanations.SomesaiditwasVenus(金星).Otherssaiditwasjustatrickoflight. Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawitonhisradarscreen.HethoughtthataflockofbirdswascausingdotsonhisradarscreenwhentheUFOappeared. Mostastronomersnowbelie
21、vethatwhatthesepeoplesawwasalmostcertainlytheplanetVenus.Atthattimeofyearitisverybrightandeasytosee.Andfromamovingaeroplaneitcanappeartobemovingfast.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsorspaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.TheseyearsinvestigatorsofUFOshaveinvestigatedthousandsofsighting-oroccasionswhenpeoplesa
22、idtheysawaUFO.Ninetypercentoftheseturnedouttohaveasimpleexplanation. However,itsgoodideatokeepanopenmind.ScientistsinsomecountriesaretryingtopersuadetheirgovernmentstohelpthemstudyUFOs.Andtheyareplanningtocooperateinter-nationallyonreportingandinvestigatingsightingsofUFOs. Afterall,itisquitepossible
23、thatthereislifeoutthereintheuniverse.Andifsomethingisalive,itisquitepossiblethatitwillcometovisitus. 16.ThecaptainandthecameracrewbelievedthatUFOwasavspaceshipfromanotherplanet. 17.ManyobelievedthattheUFOwasVenus. 18.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsarespfromouterspace. 19.Somescientistsintheworldareplann
24、ingtodosomeronUFOs. 20.Plifeintheuniversemaytrytomakeavisittous. 第三部分阅读理解(80分) Passage1 Inrecentyears,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentshavedrasticallychangedhumanlifeonourplanet,aswellasourviewsbothofourselvesasindividualsinsocietyandoftheuniverseasawhole.Maybeoneofthemostprofounddevelopmentsof
25、thelastdecadeisthediscoveryofrecombinantDNAtechnology,whichallowsscientiststointroducegenetic(遗传学的)material(orgenes)fromoneorganismintoanother.Initssimplestform,thetechnologyrequirestheisolationofapieceofDNA,eitherdirectlyfromtheDNAoftheorganismunderstudy,orartificiallysynthesizedfromanDNA.Thispiece
26、ofDNAisthenligated(结扎)toafragmentofbacterialDNAwhichhasthecapacitytoreplicate(复制)itselfindependently.Therecombinantmoleculethusproducedcanbeintroducedintothecommonintestinal(内部的)bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,whichcanbegrowninverylargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.Underproperconditions,theforeigngenewillnotonlyreplicateinthebacteria,butalsoexpressitself,throughtheprocessoftranscriptionandtranslation,togiverisetolargeamountsofthespecificproteincodedbytheforeigngene. Thetechnologyhasalreadybeensucces
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