我已编辑高考英语作文题型及考试对策.docx

1、我已编辑高考英语作文题型及考试对策高考英语作文题型及考试对策一 日 记日记是用来叙述一天生活中发生的有意义事件的文体，特别是那些具有教育意义或值得今后回忆、查阅或参考的事情。日记的素材应是最有趣或最有感受的一些事情。通常用用记叙文或简单的议论文体裁。字数不宜过多。格式：一般是在左上角记上当天的日期(年、月、日)，星期；右上角写上当天的天气情况。下面一行可以写上日记小标题，也可以不写标题。时态：日记记叙的时间，通常是在当天的下午或是晚上，特殊情况下也可以第二天补记。因此，所用的时态多为过去时态。但应灵活掌握；如记叙天气、描写景色，或为了描写生动，议论某事、对话引语等，也可使用现在时。类型：日记可

2、分记事、议论、描写及抒情等。记事型是用英语记述当天自己生活、学习中发生的事情。议论型是对生活中的某一事情或情况、现象谈自己的看法，发表议论。描写型、抒情型，则是对某人物、事物的特征做细致的描述，或针对某事物抒发自己的感情。 (2)日记一般按事情发生的先后顺序记述，所以有时需要借助一些表示先后顺序的词语。如：at first, then, later on , afterwards, soon, finally, at last 等。 范文 April 9th, Sunday Fine It is Sunday today. I didnt get up as early as usual. I

3、n the morning after I finished my homework, I did some washing. Then I called Wu Gang and invited him to see the film “Lion King”. But unfortunately when we got to the cinema at two oclock in the afternoon, we found all the tickets had been sold out. Then we went back to school to play table tennis.

4、 After this when we were about to go home, we saw our English teacher Ms Liu at the school gate. She told us that we had made great progress in English this term. She suggested that we should do more reading and listening. We promised her that we would take her advice. 二 书 信书信格式一般格式 英文书信的构成可分为7个部分：

5、信头(Heading) 日期(Date) 收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address) 称呼(Salutation) 信文(Body of the letter) 结束语(Complimentary close )署名(Signature) (1)信头(Heading) 信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写(打字，手写均可)在信的右上角，离开信纸的顶头约1英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如下： 齐头式 256 West Nanjing Street Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China 缩进式Henan Road S

6、hanghaiChina 注意：写地址的次序与中文不同，应先写门牌号码街道，然后城市和国名。写地址时间采用齐头或缩进式，以及每行后要不要加标点符号，都没有固定的规定，如写给经常往来的亲友，这项地址也可以省略。 (2) 日期(Date) 写日期注意下列各点： 年份应写全。例如不能用“99”来代替“1999”; 月份应写英文名称，除May, July外，可用缩写，如：Sep., Oct.。但不要用数字来代替，如7/4/99或7，4，99，因为在英国此日期代表7th April, 1999, 而美国则代表4th July, 1999。 日期可用1，2，3，411，1221，2231等，也可用1st,

7、 2nd, 3rd, 4th 11th, 21st22 nd, 31 st等。 日期的几种写法： a: July 7, 1998 b. 1st October, 1998c. 30 Nov., 1997 d. Sep. 3 rd, 1999 特别注意英文书信日期应紧着写信人地址下一行，不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名之后，这是很多学生的常见错误。精选范文POBox 2089 Beijing, China Sep. 7th. 199986 Bright Road Manchester England 12 Mar, 1999 (3) 收信人姓名及地址(inside Name and Addres

8、s) 写信人的地址和日期写好以后，接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事务信件或给较生疏的朋友的信件要写，而在给较熟的朋友的信中则可省去。这一项写在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名写一行，收信人地址可分两行或三行写，和写信人的地址一样，上下可取齐，也可向右缩进。在姓名前一般要加上称号，称号因人而异。 对普通男子用Mr.;对未婚女子用Miss;对已婚女子用Mrs., 对婚姻状况不明确的通常用Ms(后跟本人姓)；对教授或博士(医生)用Prof. 或Dr.精选范文66 Smith Street ManchesterEngland 27 May 1999Mr. Jee Green West Tenth

9、Street HawaiiU.S.A. (4) 称呼(Salutation) 称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼，如Dear, Mr., uncle, 各种称呼因人而异。在称呼后面一般是用逗号，但也有用冒号的。现归纳如下：对父母、兄弟、姐妹等； a. Dear Father, b. My dear Mother, c. Dear Sister, d. Dear Tom, 对亲戚： a. My dear Auntie. b. Dear Cousin, c. My dear Cousin, 对朋友、同学 a. My dear friend, b. Dear Mr. Jackson, c. My dear

10、 Mr. Jackson, 对未婚女子： a. Dear Miss Luce, b. My dear Miss Luce, 对一般妇女，不论是否结婚： a. Ms. b. Dear Madame, 对已婚生子： a. Dear Mrs. Helen Jackson, b. My dear Mrs. Helen Jackson, 对公司、工厂、学校等： a. Dear Sirs, b. Sirs, c. Gentlemen, (5) 信文(Body of the letter) 信文是信件的主体部分，也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。也有往后退

11、四个或八字个字的。下面介绍一些开头语和结尾语。开头语 相当于中文的“敬启者”。a. I beg to inform you that b. I beg to take this opportunity to inform you that c. I have the honor to address you that d. I write in a hurry to inform you that e. I have the pleasure to tell you that f. Im very much delighted to inform you that 相当于中文的“接读某月某日来

12、信，一切知悉”。a. I thank you very much for your letter of May 20th b. Your letter of May 20th has been received with thanks. c. It gives me great pleasure to receive your kind letter of May 20th. d. In answer to your kind letter of May 20th, deeply regret that e. I have received your kind letter of May 20

13、th. f. Words cant express my delight on finding your favor of yesterday on my desk this morning. g. Your letter dated May 20th has been received结尾语采用三种方法： 采用分词短语：句末用逗号，不用句号。例如：a. Waiting for your good news, b. Looking forward to your early reply, c. Hoping to hear from you soon,d. Hoping you are enj

14、oying good health, e. Regretting that I cant give you a more favorite reply, f. Regretting the trouble Im causing you,g. Wishing you every success, h. Wishing you a pleasant journey, i. Wishing you a happy New Year, 采用介词短语，句末用逗号，不用句号。例如：a. With best regards, b. With kind regards to your family, c. W

15、ith best wishes to you and yours, d. With best wishes for your success and happiness, e. With best wishes for your success in your new field of work, f. With best regards and wishing you all success, g. With warmest regards, h, With best regards to you and your family, i. With the seasons greetings,

16、 采用完整句子：句末用句号。例如：a. We are waiting for your good news. b. I hope to receive your early reply. c. We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. d. I thank you very much for your services, and wish your continued success. (6)结束语(Complimentary Close)结束语的一般写法如下：Yours faithfully, Yours trul

17、y, Truly yours, Sincerely yours, 公函常用：Faithfully yours,Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours sincerely, 私人书信常用：Sincerely yours, Yours very sincerely,Yours affectionately, Yours ever, 给亲戚朋友的信常用：Love, All my love, Your(ever) loving son/daughter/cousin, etc.Your affectionate nephew, Yours lovin

18、gly, Lovingly yours, (7)署名(Signature)下面是署名的例子：个人署名：Yours truly, W. J. Watson 公司署名： Yours faithfully, Legend Computer Company Wang Lin Sales Manager 精选范文 生日贺信Dear Bob, Tomorrow is your birthday. I imagine your family is planning a celebration for you. I write this letter to offer you my heartiest con

19、gratulations and best wishes for many returns of the day. With my sincere wishes for your success, 圣诞节及新年贺信Dear Mary and Helen, A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to you! Allow me to offer you Season Greetings. May the New Year will bring you a bright and prosperous (繁荣) future.My families who a

20、re well and happy, join me in my good wishes. Yours very sincerely, Barbara 感谢信Dear Sir, With feelings of deep gratitude I address you to give my thanks for your noble and generous efforts by which my son was saved from the lake. Surely, if it had not been for your help, my son would not be alive no

21、w. I shall be most happy to have a chance of serving you in return.I extend you again a thousand thanks for the great favor. Yours faithfully,Wang Bing 请求帮助信Dear Harry,I expect to leave Shanghai for Nanjing next Monday and intend to stay there for a month or so. You told me you had been there for a

22、long time and knew a lot of people. I, therefore, shall thank you if you will kindly let me have one or two letters of introduction to them as I am an entire stranger in that place. 申请信(申请作为研究助理)Dear Sir, Im a graduate student in the Physics Department of Qinghua University. Recently I read that you

23、 are hiring an assistant to do research on solar physics. As you can see from my resume (简历)，I have had experience in this field. Im very interested in your project and hope to work with you. My telephone number is 83745102. Thank you for your consideration. I am looking forward to hearing from you

24、soon. 道歉信 范文 256 Weeton road Hong Kong 7 th June, 2000 Dear David, I am very sorry that I could not meet you last night. I hope that you did not wait too long outside the New York Theatre. I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home. She spent a long time at the doctors and sh

25、e arrived home very late. I am all the way to the bus stop, but I had already missed the bus. And so I decided to get on a train and I arrived at the New York Theatre at eight oclock. I didnt think that you would still be there because It was three quarters of an hour late. I do hope that you will f

26、orgive me. Anyway, how about next Friday? Love, Sue 这类信件一般包括三个部分：1)道歉(apology) 2) 叙述原因或问题(reason/problem) 3)后果及解决办法(consequence + offer of solution)。 范文是比较典型的致歉信。Sue首先在信的开头向David 为昨晚未能按时到剧院见他表示道歉。然后叙述昨天未能准时到剧院的原因，结果晚8点才赶到剧院，迟到了45分钟。Sue 以为David已经走了，没有见到他，最后一句“How about next Friday?”提出下周五再见面的解决办法。 三 启

27、事1遗失启事以Lost作为标题放在启事的上方正中。在Lost 的右下角处写出遗失启事的时间。 启事的正文包括遗失物品，遗失的时间、地点，若有人发现遗失物品送交的人、地点。启事 正文右下角写上失主的姓名，Loser 可写可不写。2招领启事以Found作为标题放在启事上方正中。在found的右下角处写上招领启事的时间。 启事的正文包括招领的物品。拾到物品的时间及丢失者去认领失物的地点。启事正文的右下 角写上登这一启事的单位。遗失启事LostSeptember 1, 2000I was careless and lost a green school bag in the dining-hall o

28、n the morning of 21 st of August. Inside were an English textbook, a workbook, a dictionary and a key to my bike. Will the finder please send it either to the monitor of Class 3, Senior Grade 3 or to myself? Many thanks to the finder. Our classroom is in Room 303, Building 2. Zhao Meng (Loser)失物招领启事

29、FoundJune 8th, 2000 A wallet was found yesterday afternoon, inside of which there is some money and other things. The loser is expected to come to the Office of Senior Grade 2 to identify it. The Office of Senior Grade 2四 通知通知是一种常用应用文体，用来把有关事情告知特定的读者或听众。通知的正文就是通告的内容，这是主体部分，包括通告的对象、事由、时间、地点等。它分为书面通知和

30、口头通知两种，这两种通知在格式上有较大差别。 书面通知的常见形式有一般通知、布告、海报等。它们一般张贴在布告栏或黑板上。通知的正文上方有Notice (或全部大写NOTICE)或Announcement (或全部大写ANNOUNCEMENT)为题目。以海报形式出现时，通知常以海报内容为题，如Lecture, Football Match等。当然题目中还可以出现发通知的单位，如Student Union Notice, English Department Announcement，通知题目要求居中打印、书写，有时为了强调，甚至可以以粗体形式出现。书面通知一定要有发通知时间及落款。出通知的时间一般写在通知正文的下方左角，落款于右下角，当然时间及落款也可都写右下角。书面通知的正文一般用第三人称来写。时间、地点、参加者、内容、注意事项是通知的要点，应直截了当地一一予以说明。我们既可以用包容量较大的长句，也可以用简明的短语，前者正式，后者易懂易记。在正文中切忌添枝加叶的评论。一般情况下通知以段落形式出现，海报则按信息分行居中书写或打印。 口头通知一般不用写题目，也不必有出通知的时间。发布口头通知首先说明被通知的对象，在正文前面有呼语且顶左格写，如：Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls 等等。为了引正听者的注意，需另起行不顶格写一些引人注意