主谓一致初中.docx

1、主谓一致初中主谓一致教学目的：掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致一 语法一致的原则1 以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.2 由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Both he and I are right.Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have

2、a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.3 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help.4 主语是后

3、面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，along with, together with, as well as, no less than, more than, including等词或者短语，谓语动词与主语的单复数形式保持一致。例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.5 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：A lot

4、 of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.6 由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如： Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone.7 有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： Where are my shoes? I cant find them. Your t rous

5、ers are dirty. Youd better change them. 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如： Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed.典型例题：1. My shirt _ white and my trousers _ blue.A. are; are B. are; isC. is; is D. is; are答案：D. shirt 为单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Trousers做主语，谓语动

6、词用复数。故选D.2. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _ quite easy. A. is B. was C. are D. were答案：B. 宾语从句中，并列主语为同一概念，谓语动词用单数，又宾语从句中时态一致，故用过去式:B.3. The head teacher with his students _Teanchengshan Park if it _tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D.

7、are going to; doesnt rain答案： A. 主谓一致和状语从句。The head teacher为主语，with后面的不是主语，所以应为第三人称单数；if后用一般现在时表将来的意思。4. Our knowledge of computer _ growing all the time.A. be B. is C. are D. were答案： B. Knowledge 为不可数，做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。5. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began.A. is B. was C. are D.

8、 were答案：B. 主语后有except,谓语动词与主语一致。Everyone 做主语，谓语动词用单数，又时态一致，故用一般过去式，选B.二 意义一致的原则1 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.2 有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：My family is big one.My family are watching TV.3不定代词由all, most, m

9、ore, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.4 疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况： 主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如： Who is your brother? Who are League members?5 “分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语

10、动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如： It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.6 half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如： I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students

11、attended the class because all the rest were off sick.7 由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books.8 凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： The sick have been cured an

12、d the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person.典型例题：1.How time flies! Ten years _ passed. A. have B. has C. is D. are答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。2. One of my friends _moved to America. I miss her so much. A.has B. have C. is D. are 答案：A . 现在完成时。我的一个朋友搬到美国了，我很想念她。后一句是前一句的

13、影响和后果，因此用现在完成时；主语是one，用单数。3. Physics _ more difficult than Chinese, do you think so? - Yes, I think so. A. is B. are C. has答案： A. 本题考查系动词的用法。句意“物理比中文难学多了，你也这样认为吗？”。可知Physics在此作为一门学科，应用单数形式is，故选A。4. The number of the students in the class _ small.A. are B. is C. have D. were答案：B. the number of +可数名词复

14、数，表示 .的 数量，谓语动词用单数形式。故选B.三. 邻近一致的原则1 由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.2 在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. 3 as well

15、 as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。 （4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.典型例题： 1. Not only his parents but also his brother _ to the Summer Palace. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 答案

16、：D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not onlybut also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。 2. Neither my father _ going to see the patient. A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neithernor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。 3Look! There _ playing with

17、the tourists on Yinhe Square. A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同） 实战演练一. 选择填空1. -When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ n

18、ext Sunday is OK. A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also2. _ Helen _ Joan speaks beauti ful Chinese after they came to China. A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B3. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each4. Are there any _ on

19、 the farm? A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep5. -Two months _ quite a long time.-Yes. Im afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.A. is B. are C. was D. were6. The old man has two children but _ of them lives with him.A. both B. none C. neither D. all7. Most of the houses _ this year.A. has built

20、 B. have builtC. has been built D. have been built8. I think maths _ very difficult to learn.A. is B. are C. has D. have9. A large number of students _ to work in Xingjiang.来源:学科网ZXXKA. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going10. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper.A. is B. are C. was D.

21、 were二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. _ (be) everything OK?2. Nobody _ (know) the answer to the ques tion.3. Ten divided by two _ (be) five.4. Most of the drinking water _ (be) from the Black River.5. Not only she but also I _ (do) morning exercises every day.6. Either you or she _ (have) made a wrong decision.7.

22、The family _(be) spending the weekend together.8. Bread and butter _ (be) her daily breakfast.9. The police _ (be) trying to catch the thief.10. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.三. 翻译下列句子1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。 _.2.我的茶杯里没有水了。来源:学.科.网 _.3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。

23、 _ _.4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。 _.5.我们家正在一起度周末。 _ _. 【练习答案】一. 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.A二. 1.Is 2.knows 3.i s 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was; were三. 1.Neither of us has seen the film.2.There is no water in my cup.3.Either he or I is going there.4.Neither the students nor the teacher kno

24、ws this matter.5.Our family are spending the weekend together.真题解析【2011广安市】33. How much is the pair of shoes? Twenty dollars _ enough.A. is B. are C. am 答案：A【解析】考查be动词的用法。根据文意，twenty dollars看成一个整体，表示单数概念，故用is。【2011兰州】32. I have changed my job. A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have 答案：B【解析】

25、倒装句的用法。答句意为“我也改变了工作”，上句是由have构成的完成时态，因此答句由have/ has构成完全倒装句，因此选B。【2011山东德州】27. I havent seen the film Pirates of the Caribbean: On stranger Tides. _. A. Neither have I B. So have I C. Neither I have D. So I have答案：A 【解析】考查倒装句。Neither+系动词（助动词或情态动词）主语表达否定，意为“另一者也不”。So+系动词（助动词或情态动词）主语，表示 “另一者也”。根据句意“我从没

26、看过电影加勒比海盗：惊涛怪浪可知，答语为“我也没看过”，故选A。 (2011 湖南衡阳 ) 31.Do you like your new Tshirt?Yes. Not only I but also my mother _ it.A. likes B. like C. doesnt like答案：A【解析】连词考查。Not only-but also谓语动词的确定是临近原则。【2011 湖南衡阳】 26.Peter, I will visit our teacher this Sunday. .Lets go together.A. Nor do I B.I will so C. So w

27、ill I答案：C【解析】考查倒装句。So+系动词（助动词或情态动词）主语，表示 “另一者也”。【2011山东】23. - What can you see in the picture? - I can see a farm. And there _ a lot of animals on it.A. is B. are C. will be D. be 答案：B【解析】考查点：本题考查there be句型的用法。解题思路：动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。本题there be之后的真正的主语是复数animals，故本题选择B。【2011广东】37. David,

28、there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.OK. Mum. Ill do it right away. A. is B. are C. has D. have答案：A 【解析】本题考查there be句型的就近原则。There be后面接并列名词时，谓语动词 be 应与最邻近的名词在数上保持一致, 首先排除C、D项。又因为句中的名词为单数a dictionary，由此可排除B项。故选A。【2011乌鲁木齐】32. _ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because o

29、ne of them must slay at home.A. Not only；but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or【答案】D【解析】连词的考察Not only；but also “不但而且”； Neither; nor “既不也不” Both; and “和”；Either; or“或者或者”，由下文“他们中的一个必须呆在家里”，可知“或者露西或者莉莉与你一起去”【2011广东深圳】6. He, together with his parents _going to visit Shanghai in July. How a

30、bout you? Im afraid I have to stay at home _ _.A. are; on my own B. is, by myself C. is; by my own D. are; on myself答案：B 【解析】考查主谓一致与by oneself的用法。介词with后的谓语动词应和它前面的主语he一致，故A,D错。by oneself是“独自”的意思。故选择B。【2011湖南岳阳中考】21.There a football match on CCTV-5 at nine tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. is having 解析：本题考查倒装句。There be句型表示“某地有某物”或“某时有某人”；have“有”，指人有，故答案选B。【20