高考英语二轮语法总复习形容词和副词.docx

1、高考英语二轮语法总复习形容词和副词2019-2020年高考英语二轮语法总复习-形容词和副词形容词用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词，表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。而副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，有时也能修饰名词，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。 高考重点要求：1、形容词、副词比较级，最高级常用句型2、形容词的倍数表达法和副词的位置3、多个形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序4、分清常用同义、近义形容词、副词在表达中的语义差别一、形容词（一） 形容词在句子中的作用1大部分形容词能作定语、表语或宾语补足语, 如：a beautiful park 一座美丽的公园 The play Tea-hous

2、e（茶馆）is both moving and interesting. Who left the window open?2“定冠词the + 形容词”表示一类人或物，作“主语或宾语”，意思为“的一种人”，“的一类东西或事情”。如：The new will take the place of the old . （新事物将代替旧事物。）The young are fond of sports .(年轻人喜欢体育运动。)3有些形容词只能作表语 如： ill, glad, asleep, afraid, alive (活着的)，alone(单独的)某些动词加-ed 和 ing都可构成形容词，加-

3、ed的形容词表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容词则用来描写事物， 如： We were excited when we heard the exciting news.有些名词加后缀可变成形容词， 如：lovely, friendly, windy, careful, careless, wooden等（二） 形容词在句子中的位置 1形容词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。两个或两个以上形容词修饰一个名词时，形容词排列的次序一般应考虑下面二种情况。 （1）与被修饰名词关系比较密切的形容词位置靠近名词， 如：an exciting American film（2）音节少的形容词位置在前，音节多的形容位

4、置在后。2在下列情况下，形容词应后置：（1）修饰复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等，如：anything important, nothing easy（2）同表示数量的词组连用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old3几个形容词修饰一名词时，一般顺序为大小（little除外）、形状、色彩、由来、用途。如：a fine round maple（枫木）writing table,a famous old English country house二、副词（一） 副词在句子中的作用副词在句子中主要用作状语，许多副词皆由形容词加-

5、ly 构成，如：careful-carefully.副词主要被分为以下几种：1时间副词，如：often，early，usually，now2地点副词，如：here，above，outside，below，there3方式副词，如：hard，fast，badly，well4程度副词，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost5疑问副词，如：how，when，why（二） 副词在句子中的位置1 时间副词和地点副词的位置表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。2 修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enoug

6、h后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。 如： be well enough, go fast enough 3 修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种（1） 修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：sing well（2） 修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard（3） 及物动词和副词（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后：如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。He cut

7、 down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down. 形容词原级、比较级和最高级的用法：（1） 两者比较情况一样，常用“as+形容词原级+as”句型。He is as tall as his monitor .（2） 两者比较，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容词原级+as”句型。A train doesnt travel so fast as a plane .（3） 三者或三者以上比较，表示某人某物“最”时，用“the+形容词最高级+比较范围”句型。Asia is by far the largest

8、 of the seven continents . She writes (the) most carefully of the three .（4） 比较级+and+比较级“越来越”It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn.She is being more and more active in taking part in social activities.（5） the +比较级，the +比较级“越越” The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make .第二节 实战演练一、

9、复习时需注意的要点1. 形容词一般按限定词，一般性描绘、大小、长短和高低、形状、年龄和新旧、颜色、国籍、地区和出处、物质和材料、用途和类别这一顺序来修饰名词的。2. 在名词前出现几个形容词作定语时，常常涉及词的排列顺序问题。例如：a fat old lady不能说成an old fat lady，a small black leather handbag不能说成a leather black small handbag等。3. 形容词的词序问题比较复杂，前置形容词的排列顺序由它们和被修饰名词之间的关系决定，关系密切的靠近被修饰词，关系较远的离之稍远。4. 在as+形容词副词+as的结构前可加上

10、nearly , almost , just , quietly , half , exactly , 及倍数表示比较的程度。例如：My ine is half as high as my father .5. 最高级前可用nearly , almost , about , next , by far , by no means 或序数词进行修饰。例如：Of the three boys , Mike is by no means the most diligent. 6. 比较级的其他用法 1）比较级 + and + 比较级 “越来越”。例如： It is getting cooler an

11、d cooler in autumn. 2）the morethe more “越，越”。例如： The more fruit you eat, the healthier you will be. 3）no more than “只不过，仅仅”，后面接名词或数词，起形容词作用。 例如： What he is saying is no more than a joke. 他所讲的只不过是个玩笑而已。 4）no morethan “和同样不”。例如： He can no more play the piano than I can play basketball. 他不会弹钢琴和我同样不 会打篮

12、球一样 5）no less than “多达，竟有之多，不下于”。例如： There were no less than two thousand people at the match. 这场比赛不下于两千人到场观看。 6）no lessthan “和一样，不逊于”。例如： Our monitor is no less diligent than he used to be. 我们的班长和以前一样勤奋。二、历届高考试题分析例1、At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _ Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the

13、size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of答案为D。【解析】 检查考生对反意疑问句（附加疑问句）的掌握和运用能力。A是B的三倍通常可使用以下几种形式：1) A is three times as adj.（原级） as B2) A is twice adj.（比较级）than B3) The n. of A is three times that of B4) A is three times the +n. of B。例2、Many students signed up for th

14、e_ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.A.800 metre long B.800 metres long C.800 metre length D.800 metres length答案为A。【解析】 长、宽、高及年龄等作定语修饰名词时位置可在前也可在后，在前边时要注意加连字符“-”，其中单位名词用单数，其形式为：数字单位名称单数长、宽、高等。如放在后边，不用连字符，数词大于1要用复数。从题干看：800米远的比赛应为800 meter long。例3、At times, worrying is a normal _ respon

15、se to a difficult event or situation-a loved one being injured in an accident, for example. A. effective B. individual C. inevitable D. unfavorable答案：C【解析】 effective有效的；individual个人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。例4、Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _?A. a bit far B. a little farther

16、 C. a bit of farther D. a little far答案为B。【解析】 too near的意思是“太近了”，说话人的意图是让对方站在比这远一点，所以要用副词的比较级。这句话的意思是：你站得太靠近镜头了。你能离远一点吗?a bit of后接名词。例5、In recent years travel panies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _. A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the betterC. the

17、better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be答案为C。 【解析】 “the morethe more”的意思是“越越”。由于选项A、B和D的词序都不对，所以不能作为答案。这句话的意思是：近年来，旅游公司成功地向我们推销了这样一个观点：我们走得越远，我们的假期过得越好。例6、It is generally believed that teaching is_ it is a science.A. an art much as B. much an art asC. as an art much as D. as much

18、 an art as答案为D。【解析】 在as/soas结构中，第一个as/so是副词，后接形容词；第二个as是连接词，后接句子。其正确语序为as much an art as. 这句话的意思是：人们普遍相信，教学像科学一样是一门艺术。例7、Americans eat _vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twice B. as twice as manyC. twice as many as D. more than twice as many答案为D。【解析】 不论哪种形式的比较级其修饰词均应放在前面。m

19、ore than twice表示数量，放在asas结构前的意思是“是的两倍多”。译文：美国人现在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。例8、I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.You can never be _ careful in the street.A. much B. very C. so D. too答案为D。【解析】 否定词not/no/ never + too/enough结构表示“再怎么也不过分”或“越越好”。这句话的意思是：在街上(骑自行车)你越

20、小心越好。例9、Broadly speaking , I would agree with Shirley , though not _A. widely B. thoroughly C. entirely D. extensively答案为C 【解析】 本题考察副词辨义，widely :广泛地，很大程度上；thoroughly彻底地，entirely完全地，extensively大量地、广阔地、巨大地。根据句意，说话人并非完全同意她的意见，not entirely（不完全地）恰如其分地表达了这一意思。例10、You dont look very _. Are you ill?No, Im j

21、ust a bit tired.A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy答案为B。【解析】 从题意看，look在这里是系词(看上去，看起来)后应加形容词，四个选项的词性均符合，但good是指人品好坏或东西好坏；strong则表示结实、强壮，与题意不符。healthy“健康的，健壮的”。well可作形容词和副词。作形容词时表示“健康的；气色好”，用于修饰人。 第三节 巩固练习Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A. B. C and D.

22、Choose the best answer that pletes the sentence.1. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and_ people.A. less less B. fewer.fewer C. less.fewer D. fewer.less2. Can I help you?Well, Im afraid the box is _ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.A. so B. much C.

23、very D. too3. Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office?Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago.A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer4. The piano in the other shop will be _, but _.A. cheaper.not as better B. more cheap.not as betterC. cheaper.not as good D. more che

24、ap.not as good5. _ I went to the railway station to see my friend off.A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner6. Mrs. smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never

25、driving D. never drive7. How did you think of visit to the museum?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected.A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting8. Those oranges taste _.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well9. Canada is larger

26、than _ country in Asia.A. any B. any other C. other D. another10. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected.A. more B. much more C. much D. more much11. Which is _ country, Canada or Australia?A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger12. Will you give this message to Mr White, please?Sor

27、ry, I cant. He _.A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here workC. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer13. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _.A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening14. My elder brother is _ a singer _ I am.A. no otherthan B.

28、 no morethan C. not otherthan D. not morethan15. Sunlight is _ necessary _ fresh air to a healthy body.A. not lessthan B. no lessthan C. no morethan D. not morethan16. She doesnt speak _ her friend, but her written work is excellent.A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as17. It take

29、s a long time to go there by train, its _ by road.A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker18. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school.Not really, My dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two.A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough19. If you dont like the red coat, ta

30、ke the blue one.OK, but do you have _size in blue ? This ones a bit tight for me .A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger20. John plays football _, if not better than David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 21. If there were no examinations , we should have _ at school . A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time22. We all write _, even when theres not much to say.A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step