高考英语专题八名词性从句.docx

1、高考英语专题八名词性从句专题八 名词性从句【知识要点】一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句） I dont know what he means.（宾语从句） Im glad that you are here.（宾语从句用在形容词之后） The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介词宾语从句） That was because he was ill.（表语从句）

2、The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句） 二、引导名词性从句的连接词 连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，起连接作用what, which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who, whom, whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when, where, how, why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语Howsoon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语whatever=anything that无论

3、什么作主语、宾语、表语、 定语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、 表语whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语1.that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后。如：I could say nothing but that Im sorry. that引导的从句可作it的同位语从句。如： You may depend upon it that all the goods wi

4、ll be delivered in time.2.that引导宾语从句时可省略；引导其他名词性从句时，一般不省略，特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。如：That the earth is round is true.The fact that he is a thief got around. 注意：下面一句中，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略： He said（that） he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.3.whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别。（1）在引导宾语从句时w

5、hether与if可互换，但如果和or not连用则只用whether。如：I dont know whether or not he can stay here longer. （2）如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if而不用whether引导。如： He asked me if I wasnt going there. （3）介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。如： Im not interested in whether he is rich. （4）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句一般多用whether。如： The question is whether you can do it

6、yourself. The question whether he will come here himself isnt decided yet. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. （5）用it作形式主语时，whether或if都可以引导主语从句。如： It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.4.注意what/whatever；who/whoever；which/whichever的区别。试比较下列句子： Whoever will go to the

7、 concert please signs your name here.=Anyone who will go to the concert please signs your name here. Who will go to the concert isnt known.=Its unknown who will go to the concert.He wont believe whatever she says.=No matter what she says，he wont believe her.Whichever toy you want is yours.=No matter

8、 which toy you want，it is yours.5.注意how long/how soon/how often/how much的区别。How long will he stay here? How soon can you be ready? How often do you visit her? How much is that dress? 6.当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时，宾语从句用whether/if引导；表示有把握时用that引导。如：I doubt whether/if he can win the match. I dont doubt that he ca

9、n win the match.7.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。如： What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is a fact.8.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.（righ

10、t） That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（wrong） （3）It happens.，It occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.（right） That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（wrong） （4）It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： It doesnt matter whe

11、ther he is wrong or not.（right） Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（wrong） （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?（right） Is that will rain in the evening likely?（wrong） 一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语

12、代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.2.用it 作形式主语的结构 1)It is 名词从句 It is a fact that .事实是 It is an honor that.非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that.

13、是常识 2)it is 形容词从句 It is natural that.很自然 It is strange that.奇怪的是 3)it is 不及物动词从句 It seems that.似乎 It happened that.碰巧 4)it 过去分词从句 It is reported that.据报道 It has been proved that.已证实3.再复习一下主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 2)It is said ，(reported).结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： 据说江主席下周要来我校视察。 It is said that P

14、resident Jiang will visit our school next week.(right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong) 3)It happens.，It occurs. 结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： 他考试没及格。 It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong) 4)It doe

15、snt matter how/whether .结构中的主语从句不可提前。如： 他是不是错了，这一点不重要。 It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.(right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.(wrong) 5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。如： 傍晚有可能下雨吗？ Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：What you said yesterday is right. 二、宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词