1、初中英语短语词组和重点句型归纳初中英语知识总结短语、词组和重点句型归纳 短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:一、动词+介词1look at看, look like 看上去像, look after 照料2listen to听3welcome to欢迎到4say hello to 向问好5speak to对说话此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。二、动词+副词“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:A动词(vt.)+副词1put on 穿上 2take off脱下 3write down记下此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名
2、词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。B动词(vi)+副词。1come on赶快 2get up起床 3go home回家 4come in进来 5sit down坐下 6stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介词短语聚焦“介词+名词/
3、代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着。2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等。3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。 6in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进
4、去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。 7at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。8at + 时刻表示钟点。 9like this/that表示方式,意为“像这/那样”。10of短语表示所属关系。 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。 12from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从”,后者意为“到”。另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in
5、the sky, on ones bike等。重点句型大回放1I think意为“我认为”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I dont think,2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把给”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb. 3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送)带到”,后常接地点,也可接人。4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是;另一个是”,必须是两者中。5Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做
6、某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Dont let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Lets 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.7What about?/How about?意为“怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。8Its time to do/ Its time for s
7、th. 意为“该做的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。 12introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍
8、”。重点短语快速复习1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. eitheror或者或者,不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的尽头,在的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make ones way to往(艰难地)走去1
9、4. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先,第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢,抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29.
10、quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as 一就34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地,反复地38. wake up 醒来,叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运动42. had be
11、tter(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself 独立,单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=notany longer/more 不再49. get back 回来,取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光,吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care
12、of=look after(well) (好好)照顾,照料56. think of 考虑到,想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)61. turn off 关重温重点句型1So + be助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be助动词情态动词+主语”这种倒装结构。注意:“So+
13、主语+be助动词情态动词”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”2Turn rightleft at the firstsecondcrossing.这一指路的句型意为“在第一二个十字路口向右左拐。”相当于Take the first secondturning on therightleft. 3It takes sbsome time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语.4thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其
14、它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。5Whats wrong with?此句型相当于Whats the matter/ trouble with?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”6tooto在sothat复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句tooto(太而不能)进行句型转换。在sothat复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句enough to进行句型转换.7Sorry to hear that.全句应为Im sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常
15、用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。 重点句型、词组大盘点1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。用法 used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。搭配 used to do的否定式可以是usednt to do或didnt use to do. 比较 used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。2.return it sooner or later.迟早要将它归还。用法 l)
16、sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。 2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back.拓展return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或come back。3.No matter what the weather is like无论天气用法no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。拓展类似no matter what的表达方式还有:no matter when无论什么时候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方no matter who无论谁no m
17、atter how 无论怎么样4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. 一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。用法practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习(做)某事”。拓展practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”;put a plan into practice实行某计划。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. 他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。用法1
18、)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动。3)protect 是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”。搭配1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害6. to warn people about sharks in the water. 警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。用法 warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。搭配1)warn sb.+ that从句2)warn sb.
19、 of sth. 警告某人某事3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事中考英语高频考点错误分类详解 在学习初中英语的过程中, 同学们常会犯这样那样的错误, 大多数同学认为这些错误纷繁复杂, 无章可循, 其实并非如此。为便于系统复习, 现将中考高频考点,或者说把同学们常犯的错误进行分类详解, 希望对大家能有所警示与启迪。 I. “蛇足”类错误例析 “蛇足”类错误就是“画蛇添足”,在句中出现一些原本没有或本应省略的成分。 例1. Though traveling by air is fast a
20、nd comfortable, but it costs too much money. () Traveling by air is fast and comfortable, but it costs too much money. () Though traveling by air is fast and comfortable, it costs too much money. () 例2. Because he was ill yesterday, so he didnt go to work. () Because he was ill yesterday, he didnt g
21、o to work. () He was ill yesterday, so he didnt go to work. () 析 用though, but表示“虽然,但是 ”或用because, so 表示“因为,所以”时,though和but 及because和so 都只能择一而用,不能两者同时使用。 例3. More than three hundreds people died in the oil well accident in Chongqing in 2003.() More than three hundred people died in the oil well accid
22、ent in Chongqing in 2003. () 析 hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词修饰用来表示“确数”时,无论数词大小,hundred等词都要用单数形式。 例4. My English teacher is a 38-years old man. () My English teacher is a 38-year-old man. () 析 句中的38-years-old是由数词、名词和形容词一起构成的复合形容词,在句中充当定语,修饰名词man。复合形容词作定语时, 其中的名词要用单数形式, 且各词之间要有连字符“-”。 例5
23、. The Smiths have moved Beijing. () The Smiths have moved to Beijing. () 析 不及物动词后接名词或代词作宾语时,要在动词之后加上适当的介词;但不及物动词后接home, here, there等副词作宾语时,动词之后不必加任何介词。 例6. The box is too heavy for him to carry it. () The box is too heavy for him to carry. () 析 the box既是这句话的主语, 也是不定式to carry的逻辑宾语,若句末再加上it,就和the box重
24、复了。 II. “主谓不一致”类错误例析 主谓不一致类错误指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上不一致而形成的错误。 例1. Each of the boys have a pen. () Each of the boys has a pen. () 析 复数名词前有表个体的each of, one of, every,either of等词组修饰,或有表否定的neither of, none of 等词组修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 例2. 那是你心软!我不就是一个例子吗? Neither he nor you is good at English. () Neither he nor y
25、ou are good at English. () 析 either. or., neither. nor., not only., but also. 等词组连接句子的两个主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”, 即由靠近谓语的那个主语决定谓语的人称和数用何种形式。 例3. Two months are quite a long time. () Two months is quite a long time. () 析 当时间、度量、距离、重量等名词作句子主语时,常将其看作一个整体,谓语动词要用单数形式。 例4. Ten minus three are seven. () Ten minu
26、s three is seven. () 析 用英语表示加(plus)、减(minus)等数学运算时,谓语动词也用单数形式。 例5. Watching TV too much are bad for your eyes. () Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. () 析 不定式、v-ing形式充当句子主语时,谓语动词用单数形式例6. The number of the workers in this factory are about 5,000. () The number of the workers in this factory is
27、 about 5,000. () 析 the number of表示“的数量”,谓语动词用单数形式;a number of 的意思是“若干”或“许多”,相当于some或a lot of,和复数名词连用,谓语动词用复数形式。III. “词序”、“语序”类错误例析 词序、语序类错误指的是单词或句子在排列顺序上不正确,也表现为该用陈述语序的用了疑问句语序,或该用疑问句语序的用了陈述句语序等情况。 例1. Hello! I have important something to tell you. () Hello! I have something important to tell you. ()
28、 析 形容词或动词不定式修饰不定代词作定语时,修饰成分要置于不定代词之后。 例2. His son is enough old to go to school. () His son is old enough to go to school. () 析 enough作形容词修饰名词时,可以放在名词前,也可放在名词后;作副词修饰形容词或副词时,只能放在形容词或副词之后。 例3. Here is your sweater, put away it.() Here is your sweater, put it away. () 析 put away, pick up, put on等“动词+副词
29、”构成的词组后接代词作宾语时,代词只能放在动词和副词之间。 例4. I dont know where is he going.() I dont know where he is going. () 析 在含宾语从句的复合句中,从句要用陈述句语序。 例5. Look! Here the bus comes.() Look! Here comes the bus.() 析 在以here, there引起的陈述句中,若句子的主语是名词,要用倒装语序,即用“Here /There+动词+名词”结构;但主语若是代词时,则不用倒装语序, 即用“Here/There +代词+动词”结构。 例6. I do well in playing football, _. (我妹妹也行。) A. so my sister does() B. so does my sister()例7. - Li Lei is really a football fan. - _. (确实这样.) A. So is
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