人教版七年级英语下册代词介词.docx

1、人教版七年级英语下册代词介词人教版七年级英语下册_代词、介词ugly adj.丑陋的;难看的 clever adj.聪明的;机灵的 friendly adj.友好的 beautiful adj.美丽的;美好的 本次课要点提示 shy adj.害羞的;怕羞的 other adj.其他的;另外的 一、本课词汇(七年级下册Unit Two & Unit Three): grass n.草 sleep v.睡;睡觉 turn v.转弯;转变方向 left adv.,n.向左;左边 during prep在-期间 at night 在晚上;在夜里 down adv.,prep.向下;下去;沿着 righ

2、t adv.,n.向右;右边 leaf n.叶;树叶 lazy adj.懒惰的;懒散的 开着的;营业中的 on the right 在右边 open adj.meat n.(食用的)肉;肉类 relax v.放松;休息 market n.市场;市集 clean adj.清洁的;干净的 quiet adj.宁静的 dirty adj.肮脏的 二、本课语法(一):代词 2.1人称代词 house n.房子;住宅 welcome int. 欢迎 人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。是表示自身或人称garden n.菜园;花园 district n.区域;地方 的代词。 enjoy

3、 v.享受-的乐趣;欣赏 walk n.散步;步行 (1) 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表: take a walk 散步 through v.穿过;通 beginning n.开始 tour n.旅行;游历 单数 复数 visit v.参观;游览 place n.地方;地点 主格 I you he she it we you they fun n.愉快;开心 have fun 玩得开心 宾格 me you him her it us you them if conj.(表条件)如果 hungry adj.饥饿的 arrive v.到达;抵达 way n.路;路线;路途 中文 我 你 他

4、 她 它 我们 你们 他/她/它们 take v.乘;坐;搭(车、 船) taxi n.出租车;的士;计程车 airport n.飞机场 pass v.通过 (2)人称代词的用法 a.人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格)和宾语(用宾格): hope v.希望;盼望;期待 yours pron.您的;你的(用在信末署名前,做客套语) He loves her, but she hates him. koala n.(澳洲)树袋熊;考拉 tiger n.老虎;虎 b.人称代词用于as, than之后时，可用宾格: elephant n.大象 dolphin n.海豚 “Who is it?” “I

5、ts me.” panda n.熊猫 lion n.狮子 He gets up earlier than me. penguin n.企鹅 giraffe n.长颈鹿 He speaks English as well as her. zoo n.动物园 cute adj.可爱的;聪明的 但是，若than, as后的人称代词后跟由动词，则必须用主格:He gets up earlier than I do. map n.地图;图 smart adj.聪明的;漂亮的 c.单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格:me too. animal n.动物 box n.方框;盒;箱 kind of 有几分 sou

6、th n.南;南方;adj.在南方的;南部的;向南的 (3) 人称代词的排列顺序 人称代词的排列顺序为: Africa 非洲 bingo n.宾戈(一种游戏) - 1 - a.单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I: The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. 2.4举一反三 You, he and I are all middle school students. 1 _(我) am a teacher. b.复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即we, you and they: 2 _(他) often

7、plays basketball after school. We, you and they will all go there. 3 This is _(我的) book. That is_. (他的) c.但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称I置于其他人称代词之前: 4 Please pass_(我们) the ball. I and Tom are to blame. 5 This is not my shirt. Its _. (她的) 2.2物主代词 6 My ruler is long. _ (你的) is short. 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。 7 _(我们)

8、buy a pair of shoes for _(她). (1) 物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下: 8 _(他们的) teacher is good. _(你们的)is good too. 9 Our chair is better than _ ( they). 单数 复数 10 I will give the presents to_(they). 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 11 These books are_(I), and those are_(you). 名词性 mine your his her

9、s its ours yours theirs 12 _ like _ car. 我喜欢他们的小汽车。 中文 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他/她/它们的 13 Who is there? Its _. 是谁啊,是我。 14 _ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 (2) 物主代词的用法 15 I want to buy some balloons for _. 我想买些气球送给他。 a. 形容词物主代词在句中作定语:I love my country. Is this your car? 2.5 知识巩固 b. 名词性的物主代词可用作主语,宾语,表语以及与of 连接的定

10、语: 1 He is cleverer than _. He can do it better than _ do. Li Huas bike is red, and yours is green. These books are ours. A. me, me B. I, me C. me, I D. I, mine That car is mine, not yours. Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street. 2 Look, the chair has lost one of _ legs. 2.3指示代词 A. his B. he

11、r C. its D. its 指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。主要的有this, that, these, those, 3 Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _. 其中this和that为单数，these和those为复数。指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 A. She, she B. She, herself C. Her, herself D. Her, she 指示代词的用法: 4 I want to finish it _ .I wont ask for help.

12、(1) this和that的用法 A. yourself B. myself C. ourselves D. ourselves 两者的基本区别是this表近指，that表远指。另外，当要回指上文提到的事情时，可用this或that，5 Jims watch is much newer than _. 但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用this: A. hers B. she C. her D. herself She married Jim, and this/that surprised me. 6 Who taught you English last year? I want to k

13、now thisDose he love her? Nobody taught me . I taught _. (2) that和those的用法 A. you B. myself C. her D. me that和those常常用来代替已提到过的名词，以避免重复。 7 She is a student, _ name is Julia. The population of China is larger than that of Japan. A. its B. her C. hers D. his - 2 - There are some flowers in front of the

14、 house.(房子前面有些花卉。) 8. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _ . in the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of A. I B. me C. my D. mine (在范围内的后部)。 9. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _ . There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。

15、C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 10 We bought _ a present, but _ didnt like it. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5)beside，behind A. they, them B. them, they C. themselves , their D. theirs, they beside 表示在旁边 behind 表示在后面 三、介词 3.3表示时间的介词 1)in , on，at 在时

16、3.1介词的定义 in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般 如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in 有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中ones life , in ones thirties等。 作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。并且在定语从句“介词+whom/which”的结构

17、中，不能用that 代替 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 whom/which。She is a good student from whom we should learn 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, 3.2表示地点位置的介词 on Sunday afternoon等。 1)at ,in, on, to，for at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边” 如at 3:20

18、, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。 at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在上面”。 注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day. to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤;或“到” 2)in, after 在之后 2)above, over,

19、on 在上 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后; above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对; “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 “after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 3)from, since 自从 The bird is flying above my head. from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久; There is a bridge over the river. since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻

20、，通常与完成时连用。 He put his watch on the desk. 4)after, behind 在之后 3)below, under 在下面 after主要用于表示时间; under表示在正下方 behind主要用于表示位置。 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 时间名词前介词用法口诀 There is a cat under the table. 年前周前要用in Please write your name below the line. 具体日子却要禁 4)in front frantof, in the front of在前面 遇到几号要用on in front of

21、意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括;其反义词是behind 上午下午又是in (在的后面)。 要说某日上下午 - 3 - 用on换in记清楚 A. on B. at C. in D. during 午夜黄昏用at ( ) 5 My grandfather was born _ Oct. 10, 1935. 黎明用它也不错 A. on B. in C. at D. of at用在时分前 ( ) 6 The train is starting _ five minutes. 说“差”可要用上to A. in B. at C. for D. still 说过要用past ( ) 7 M

22、ike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on 3.4表运动方向的介词: 2 across, through 通过，穿过 ( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years. across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关; A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past through穿过,即从物体内部

23、穿过，与in有关。 ( ) 2 We returned to our hometown_. 3.5表示“在之间”的介词: A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week between, among ( ) 3 Great changes have taken place_. between指在两个人或两个事物之间; A. in the last few year B. in the last few years among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。 C. last year D. on the last year

24、 3.6表示其他意义的介词 3 1)on ,about 关于 ( ) 1 Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas Day. on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读; A. in B. on C. for D. at about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。 ( ) 2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. 2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 A. In B. On C. At D. For by 以方法、

25、手段或泛指某种交通工具; ( ) 3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet. with 表示用 工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段; A. at B. on C. with D. of in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等; ( ) 4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning. 3)except, besides 除了 A. on B. / C. at D. in except 除之外，不包括在内; 3.8 知识巩固 besides 除之外，包括在内。 1

26、Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去) ( ) 1 He went to Shanghai_ September 3, 1991 and came back_ a cold morning last year. Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了) A. in; on B. on; in C. on; on D. in; in 3.7举一反三 ( ) 2 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . . 1 A. on B

27、. in C. at D. to ( ) 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays. ( ) 3 Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on A. on B. of C. to, D. in ( ) 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there? ( ) 4 _ the morning of November 20, 1915, the workers came to Ch

28、icago to show their mourning_Joe -No. We can have a game of table tennis. Hill. A. on B. in C. out D. up A. On; to B. In; of . C. On; for , D. At; for ( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born _ March, 1981. ( ) 5 Ann moved _ Hangzhou _ September, 1992. A. in B. at C. on D. since A. /; in i B.

29、 to; in C. to; on D, in; in ( ) 4 tie suddenly returned_ a rainy night. ( ) 6 They started off _ an autumn afternoon. - 4 - A. during B. at C. in D. on A. until B. by C. at D. when 2 ( ) 2 We stayed at the lab_ our teacher returned. ( ) 1 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning. A. till B.

30、 by C. during D. while A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to ( )3 They didnt leave the station_ they get on the train. ( ) 2 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. f A. until B. by C. after y D. at A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on ( ) 3 The English teache

31、r told me to get there_ half past ten. 四、作文训练 A: in B. at C. on D. of 谈谈你的校园生活 ( ) 4 The children get up _ 6 oclock. A. at B. on C. during D. in My School Life 3 ( ) 1 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest. A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without ( ) 2 I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out _myself_ last. A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on;