英国文学笔记.docx

1、英国文学笔记 A Brief Outline of British Literature History 1. Medieval Literature (5 A.D. -1485) (中世纪文学)Geoffrey Chaucer (13401400 )2. The English Renaissance (1500-1625) (文艺复兴时期文学)Thomas More （14781535）Edmund Spenser（15521599）Christopher Marlowe（15641593）Francis Bacon （15611626）William Shakespeare （15641

2、616）3. The Seventeenth century (17th century)( 17 世纪文学)John Milton （16081674）John Donne （15721631）John Bunyan （16281688）4. English Enlightenment and neo-Classicism (17th century -18th century ) (英国启蒙运动和新古典主义文学)Alexander Pope （16881744）Jonathan Swift （16671745）Daniel Defoe （16601731）Henry Fielding （1

3、7071754）5. Romanticism in England (1798-1832) (浪漫主义时期文学)Robert Burns （17591796）William Blake （17571827）William Wordsworth (17701850)Samuel Taylor Coleridge (17721834)George Gordon Byron(17881824)Percy Bysshe Shelley (17921822)John Keats (1795-1821)6. English Realism (1830s-1918) (现实主义时期文学) /Victoria

4、n Age (18321901)Robert Browning (18211889)Alfred Tennyson ( 18091892)Jane Austen (17751817) The Bronte SistersCharles Dickens (18121870)William Makepeace Thackeray (18111863) Thomas Hardy (18401928)Joseph Conrad ( 18571924)Oscar Wilde (1854-1900)George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)7. Modernism (1918-1945

5、) (现代主义文学)T.S. Eliot (18881965)William Butler Yeats (18651939)James Joyce (18821941)Virginia Woolf (18821941)D.H. Lawrence (18851930) 1. Medieval Literature (5 A.D. -1485) (中世纪文学)Beowulf贝奥武夫: the national epic of the English people.romance (浪漫传奇)：the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal Engl

6、andTheme: loyalty to king and lordKing Arthur and his knights of the Round Table亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑士 Geoffrey Chaucer (1340- 1400)Literary Position: The father of English poetryMasterpiece: The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集（Old English）Literary Achievements: Heroic couplet

7、 (英雄双韵体)2. The English Renaissance (1500-1625) (文艺复兴时期文学)The word “Renaissance” means revival（复活）. The term originally indicates a revival of classical (Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism（蒙昧主义）. Humanism: the essence of RenaissanceEdmund Spenser (1552- 15

8、99): the poets poet Masterpiece :The Faerie Oueene仙后Thomas More （1478-1535）Masterpiece: Utopia（乌托邦）Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593): most gifted of the University Wits（大学才子派）. Masterpiece: The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. 浮士德博士的悲剧 Francis Bacon (1561-1626 ) Literary Position:the founder of mod

9、ern science in England;one of the earliest essayist(散文家） in English languageMasterpiece : Essays论说文集 Of Studies (论读书)William Shakespeare(15641616) Literary Position:“not of an age, but for all time”, the greatest giant of English language and poetic form, one of the founders of realism in world lite

10、rature, one of the greatest writers in the worlds literature. Literary Achievements:38 plays (edies(喜剧）, histories（历史剧）, tragedies（悲剧）, tragiedies/romances（悲喜剧）2 narrative poems 154 sonnets (Sonnets 1-126 addressed to a young man, Sonnets 127-152 addressed to “Dark Lady”, Sonnets 153-154 addressed t

11、o Cupid, the God of love in Greek mythology )Plays (4 periods)1. First period (1592-1594): His apprenticeship in plays.Historical plays: King Henry VI 亨利六世, Richard 查理三世edies: Loves Labours Lost 爱的徒劳2. Second period (1595-1600): Mature period, a marked increase in the knowledge of humanismRomeo and

12、Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶(4大喜剧): A Midsummer Nights Dream仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night第十二夜3. Third period (1601-1608): Flourishing period, a period of gloomy and depression(4大悲剧): Hamlet汉姆雷特Othello奥赛罗King Lear李尔王Macbeth麦克白4. Fourth period (1608-1612): The period of romantic dra

13、ma in the form of tragiediesReconciliation plays: The Winters Tale冬天的童话, The Tempest暴风雨3. The Seventeenth century (17th century)( 17 世纪文学) Historical background1. The English revolution（英国革命） and the Restoration（王朝复辟）. Causes: the conflict between the monarch and Parliament; the persecution of the P

14、uritans2. The bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restoration Glorious Revolutiona bloodless revolution The constitutional monarchy.John Milton (16081674) Literary Position A master of the Blank verse The greatest English revolutionary poet of the 17th century One of the greatest poets of the English lan

15、guage Literary AchievementsPoems Paradise Lost 失乐园(1667): his masterpieceThe greatest epic in English literature.Paradise Regained (1671) 复乐园Samson Agonistes (1671) 力士参孙Paradise Lost失乐园John Milton1. Introduction Long epic in 12 books Written in blank verse Based on Genesis创世纪in the Old Testament Dra

16、matizes the Biblical account of humanitys banishment.2. ThemeMiltons aimed purpose: “justify the ways of God to man”（昭示天道对人的公正）Real purpose: Challenge the restored monarch God tyrannical, represents the kingSatan rebelling against monarchLove between Adam and Eve human pursuit for happiness, the spi

17、rit of Renaissance3. Writing featuresMilton style: Sonority洪亮, Eloquence雄辩, Majesty尊严, Grandeur壮美The blank verseLong and involved sentencesJohn Donne (1572-1631) Literary Positionfounder of Metaphysical School（玄学派）the greatest of the metaphysical poets. Literary AchievementsSongs and Sonnets 歌与十四行诗T

18、he Flea跳蚤Holy Sonnets圣十四行诗 : Holy Sonnet 10Features of metaphysical poetry: conceits（奇喻）strange paradoxes（悖论）far-fetched （牵强的）imageryJohn Bunyan (1628-1688):Masterpiece: The Pilgrims Progress天路历程4. English Enlightenment and neo-Classicism (17th century -18th century ) (英国启蒙运动和新古典主义文学) (1688-1798)His

19、torical Background1. paratively peaceful development under the constitutional monarchy A promise between Tory and Whig The leading navel power in Europe2. The Industrial Revolution 工业革命 Unprecedented technical innovations Rapid growth of industry and merceThe Enlightenment An intellectual movement i

20、n Europe began in the late 17th and 18th centuries and ended with the French revolution of 178918th century : Age of Reason/ Age of Enlightenment1. Importancea lasting heritage for the 19th and 20th centuryit marked a key stage in the decline of the church and the growth of modern secularism(世俗主义)it

21、 served as the model for political and economic liberalism.2. The development of Poetry: neo-Classicism 新古典主义3. Characteristic of neo-Classicism1). Emphasizing reason rather than emotion, form rather than content.2). Didactic and satirical3). Heroic Couplet (英雄双韵体)4). Town poetry writing for the ris

22、ing bourgeoisieAlexander Pope (1688-1744)Literary Position an outstanding enlightener The greatest and the most important representative of the English classical poetry.The Rise of FictionDaniel Defoe Jonathan Swift Henry Fielding FictionThe mainstream of 18th century literature, & The rise and grow

23、th of realistic novel the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literatureDaniel Defoe (1660-1731)Literary PositionFather of English novel Literary Achievements: Robinson Crusoe (1719)鲁宾逊漂游记 Defoes masterpiece The first English novel in a real sense The first English realistic novelRobi

24、nson CrusoeDaniel Defoe1. Theme: to sing the praises of human laborto celebrate the strength of human rational will to conquer the natural environmentto beautify colonialism & Negro slavery2. Plot: run away from home bee a sailor a planter in Brazil to an uninhabited island because of shipwreck made

25、 a living there all by himself save a negro named Friday who became his servant back to England visit the remote island again and Friday was killed3. Robinson Crusoes characterization: typical of the rising English bourgeois class, practical, diligent, a restless curiosity to know more about the wor

26、ld and a desire to prove individual power in the face of social and natural challenges; shrewd, care about money and good at managing; courageous and intelligent to overe all kinds of obstaclesJonathan Swift (1667-1745)Literary Positionone of the greatest masters of English Prosea master satirist（讽刺

27、作家）Style of Swifts prose:simple, clear and vigorous. His famous saying “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style” influenced a lot later writers.Literary AchievementsBooks The Battle of Books 书籍之战 A Tale of Tub 一个桶子的故事 Gulivers Travels 格列佛游记his masterpiece: a satire on the

28、 whole English society of the 18th century.Pamphlets The Drapers Letters一个布商的书信 A Modest Proposal 一个温和的建议(A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents)Gulivers Travels格列佛游记Jonathan Swift Plot: Part I: A Voyage to Lilliput Part II: A Voy

29、age to Brobdingnag Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg and Japan Part IV: A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms Henry Fielding (1707-1754)Literary Achievements The History of Tom Jones, A Founding 弃儿汤姆琼斯 Literary Position The founder of English realistic novel-settin

30、g up the theory of realism in literary position.5. Romanticism in England (1798-1832) (浪漫主义时期文学)Pre-Romanticism: Latter half of the 18th centuryRobert BurnsWilliam Blake1. Romantic revival A strong protest against the bondage of Classicism (=Formalism) A recognition of the claims of passion and emotion.2. Representatives Robert Burns (1759-1796) 罗伯特彭斯 William Blake (1757-1827) 威廉布莱克 Robert Burns (1759-1796) Literary position the national poet of Scotland A poet of the peasants, a poet of the people Literary Achievements Poems chiefly