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中考初中时间状语从句综合分析docx.docx

1、中考初中时间状语从句综合分析docx中考初中时间状语从句综合分析本节课我们学习 时间状语从句 。目录:知识清单 1:when, while和 as引导时间状语从句的用法;知识清单 2:before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句;知识清单 3:比较 until和 till的用法;知识清单 4:巧辨 before和 until;知识清单 5:其他时间状语从句的用法;知识清单 6:综合练习;知识清单 1: when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法一、 when 的用法when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制 ,根据具体情况而定。1. When he was a

2、 child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book.她走进我房间时,我正在看书。3.Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗?4.Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。5.He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at

3、 the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。6.I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。7.I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。由以上内容可知, when 从句的 A 事件,相当于另一个事件 B 发生的时间点。也就是说, when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它作为一个时间点,所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时,则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时,它

4、表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。实际上, when 从句也可以有其它的时态,但几乎也不用进行时,因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如:1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。3.Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再

5、找新的?4.You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。5.When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。 ll talk with him about this.二、 while 的用法相比于 when 来说, while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是:当 while 事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何如何。所以, while 从句一般用的

6、是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根据具体情况而定。例如:1.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.当妻子正在看报纸的时候,我正在看电视。2.While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。3.While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。4. You can t do your homework while you re watching T

7、V.你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。5.While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home.约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我正在制定一个回家的计划。从时间的角度来看, while 表示的是一段时间,是一个过程。这是while 的侧重点。因此,如果含有 “一段时间 ”的含义的时候,就可以用 while 。6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。when 意思就变了,相当于说这句话中,是说趁着铁是热的这段时间,赶紧打铁。如果换成铁只热了一下,打一下,然后铁就冷了

8、。这显然不符合文意。再例:Im going to the post office.While youre there, can you get me some stamps?三、 as 的用法as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在 生,另一件事也正在 行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是, as 从句用的一般不用正在 行 ,而只是一般 去 。般可以翻 成 “ ”。例如:as 从句一1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.当我 唱起那些老歌 ,眼泪 着她的 流了下来。2. The students took no

9、tes as they listened. 学生 听 做笔 。3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited.我 往下 的 候,他越来越 。4.The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘 一 走,一 唱。5.Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.当他抓住球的 候,有一种撕裂的声音。as 表达的事件,往往只是主句 作 生的背景或条件 ,像 while 从句有 while 作本身的意思。因此,as 只是一个次要的 明,不as 常常翻 成 “随着

10、 ”之意。例如:1.As the time went on , the weather got worse. 随着 的推移,气候更加糟糕。2.The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.随着高度的增加,大气越来越稀薄。3.As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.随着 一年一年 去,中国 得越来越富 了。少数情况下,如果 作正在 生, as 从句也可以用正在 行 。 只能算是特例了。1. The sad mother sat on the road

11、side, shouting as she was crying. 心的 坐在路 , 哭 叫喊。2.As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我 出 ,雪开始下起来。3.He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡 ,他 来了。四、 when, while, as 的互 如果从句 作和主句 作同 生,并且从句 作 延 性 ,互 使用。when,while , as 可以1.When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我 跳舞 ,一位陌生人走了 来。danc

12、e 延 性 2.When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.当她在打 ,我正在写信。 make 延 性 3.While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我 着 路往前走 , 行 前停着一 警 。五、比较 while, when, as1) as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如: Just as / Just when / When I stopped my ca

13、r, a man came up to me.我刹车后,有一个人向我走来。2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用 when 引导这个从句,不可用 as 或 while 。例如: When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后,你可以休息一下。3)从句表示 “随时间推移 ”连词能用 as,不用 when 或 while 。例如: As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。知识清单 2: before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句1. Befor

14、e 是主句动作发生在从句的前面。注意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当 before 引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成 “就,才 ”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果 before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时, 则主句动词多用过去完成时, 这样以便体现动作发生的先后。2.After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 before 引导的从句相反。例如:It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked

15、me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced.他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished th

16、e work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)知识清单 3:比较 until 和 till 的用法此两个 意 相同。肯定形式表示的意思是 “做某事直至某 ”, 必 是延 性的。否定形式表达的意思是 “直至某 才做某事 ”。 延 性或非延 性都可以。 正确使用 两个 的关 之一就在于判断句中的 用肯定式 是否定式。肯定句: I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜 醒了。Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。(在肯定句中可用 before 代替。例如: Lets get in the wheat

17、before the sun sets.)否定句: She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到 6 点才到。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽 停 后再下 。I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做。区 : 1)until 可用于句首,而 till 通常不用于句首 。例如: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告 我以前,出了什么事我一点也

18、不知道。2) until when 疑 句中, until 要放在句首。例如:-Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么 候?-Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。3) Not until 在句首,主句用倒装。例如: Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到 19 世 初,人 才知道 何物。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had was

19、ted.直到工作,才 到我已蹉跎了 多 月。4) It is not until that .例如: It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.知 清 4:巧辨 before 和 until一、在下列情况下,两者可互 用,但含 略有不同。before 表示 “在 之前 ”的意思, 先后关系;而 until 表示 “直到 才”的意思,主句是肯定句 表示主句 作的 止 ;主句是否定句 主句 作的起始 。1.主句 否定式 止性 。常 的 是 open,start,leave,arrive,f

20、inish, stop 等。例如:(1)The noise of the street didnt stop until/before it was midnight.(2)The children wont come back until/before it is dark.(3)I didnt leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home.2.主句 肯定式、延 性 , 用 stand,stay,talk,be,wait 等。例如:(1)He lived with his parents until/before he grad

21、uated from school.(2)I will wait until/before he comes to my help.(3)I shall stay here until/before you come back.二、在下列情况下,用 before 不用 until 。1.主句 肯定式、 止性 ,只用before。例:(1)He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.(2)We arrived there before it started to rain.(3)The holiday came to the end be

22、fore I knew it.(4)He almost knocked me down before he saw me.2.主句 的 性,只用before,常伴有 段状 或 段暗示。例:(1)It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.(2)We had walked a long way before we found some water.(3)We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.(4)The fire lasted about four hours

23、before the firefighters could control it.(5)It was midnight before my brother came home.(6)It was three months before they met again.3. 如果 从句 作未 生,就 生主句 作,只用或“不等 就 ”。before。常 “未及 ”, “不 ”例:(1)We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.(2)I must write it down before I forget it.(3)We do

24、want to buy something now before prices go up.4.表 “与其 倒不如 ”, “与其 毋宁 ”只用 before。例:(1)I would give up my job before Id agree to be dismissed.(2)He will die of hunger before he will steal.5.在某些特定句型中用 before。例如:(1)It was not long before the whole country rose up.(2)It will probably not be long before th

25、ey understand each other.三、下列情况一般区 用 until 。1.主句是持 性 ,肯定、否定都可以,但意 完全不同。肯定表 作 止,而否定表 作开始。例如:(1)We discussed the problem until/before he came back. 我 一直 到他回来。(2)We didnt discuss the problem until he came back.我 一直等到他回来后才 。not until句型尽管在某些情况下可与before互 用,但在 句中一般仍用until 。例如:(1)It was not until he told me

26、 that I knew it.(2)It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.知 清 5:其他 状 从句的用法1.由 since引 的 状 从句since 引 的从句的 可以是延 性的 ,又可以是瞬 。一般情况下,从句 用一般 去 ,而主句的 用 在完成 。但在 It is since 从句的句型中,主句多用一般 在 。例如:I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you?

27、自上次我和你 面以后,你到哪里去了?It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我 老板离开北京有五个月了。知 展1. It is since 从。以来多 了 (因 since +从句或名 ,表示一段 )It is five years since we met last time. 从我 上次 面已 五年了。2. It is +before 。(才 )It was a long time before I wen

28、t to sleep again. 了很 我才睡着。It was an hour before( until) the police arrived. 了一个小 ,警察才来。2.由 as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引 的 状 从句 些 都表示 “一 就 ”。例如:I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早 ,我立即到那里去。The moment I heard the news, I h

29、astened to the spot. 我一听到消息, 上赶到了出事地点。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就 你来 。3.由 by the time 引 的 状 从句注意 的 化:在一般情况下,如果从句的 用一般 去 ,主句的 用 去完成 ;如果主句的 用一般 在 ,主句的 用将来完成 。例如:By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。注意: when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中,要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。接下来请同学们来做一些练习吧!答案: 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理

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