人教版八年级下册英语短语语法总结汇编.docx

1、人教版八年级下册英语短语语法总结汇编Unit 1 Whats the matter?短语lie down 躺下 see a dentist 看牙医go to a doctor 看医生get an X-ray 拍X片take ones temperature 量体温all weekend 整个周末take breaks / take a break 休息without thinking twice 没多想get off 下车take sb. to the hospital 带某人去医院wait for 等待to ones surprise 使.惊讶的；出乎.意料thanks to 多亏，由于in

2、 time 及时on time 按时think about 考虑have a heart problem 有心脑病right away 立即，马上gen into 陷入；参与do the right thingfall down 摔倒，跌倒put . on sth. 把.放在某物上get hit 被打击get sunburned 被晒伤be interested in 对.感兴趣take risks/take a risk 冒险lose ones life 失去生命save ones life 挽救某人的生命beacause of 因为by oneself 独自；单独run out (of)

3、用尽；耗尽cut off 切除away from 离开，远离make a decision/make decisions 做决定be in cintrol of 掌管；管理out of control 失去控制go mountain climbing 去爬山give up 放弃give up doing 放弃做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事get into trouble 造成麻烦（烦恼）get out of 离开；从.出来have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难be/get used

4、to doing sth. 习惯于做某事use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事seem to do sth. 好像做某事keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事be in trouble 处于困境中get into trouble 陷入困境；造成麻烦have troube (in ) doing sth. 做某事有困难询问某人患了体积疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时Whats the matter (with sb.) ?（某人）怎么了？ (必须有the) Whats wrong (with sb.)?（某人）怎么了？Whats th

5、e trouble (with sb.)/Whats ones trouble (某人)出什么事了？What happened (to sb. )? (某人)发生什么事了？Are you OK? 你没事吧？Is there anything wrong (with sb.)?(某人)有什么事吗？have 的常见用法：（1） have 表示“有”时，它强调所属关系，表示“某人拥有某物” He has a red bike (2) have 后面跟表示食品、饮料的名词，意为“吃，喝”hanve an egg and some bread (3) have 后跟一日三餐，它表示“吃（早饭、午饭、晚饭

6、）”，这个短语的中间不用冠词 have lunch (4) have 后面跟表示动作的名词，它没有固定的意义，与表示动作的动词同义 have a look 看一看 have a swim 游泳 have a rest 休息一下（5） have 后面跟表示活动的名词，它表示“举办，举行”have a sportsmeeting 举办运动会 have an English class 上英语课 （6）have 还可以构成其他的一些固定短语have a try 试一试 have a good time 玩得高兴(7) have a +疾病名 患.病 其中a 不能用the 代替，也不能去掉，但翻译时不

7、用译出 have a cold have a fever have a cough have a +身体部位-ache have a headache have a toothache have a stomachache have a sore +身体部位 指身体某处疼痛have a sore throat 咽喉痛have a sore back 背痛 lie lying（现在分词） (vi) 躺，平躺;位于 lie - lay - lain lie down (vi) 撒谎 说谎 lie - lied - lied lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 n. 可数名词 “谎言，假话” tell

8、 a lie/tell lies 说谎lay (vt) 平放，下蛋 laying (现在分词) lay - laid-laid rest v. n. 休息have a rest =take a rest = rest thanks to 多亏，由于 （介词短语） 通常接名词thanks for 因.而感谢 接名词或V-ing（1）be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 ，to 是介词，后跟名词、代词或V-ingI am used to walking after dinner我习惯于晚饭后散步look forward to doing， pay attention to do

9、ing中 to 是介词（2）be used to do sth. 被用来做某事Wood can be used to make paper.木材能够被用来做纸（3）used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（暗示现在已经不这样了）（1）run out “用完，耗尽”指某种资源被用完或耗尽 相当于不及物动词，主语一般是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的东西All the money ran out (3) run out of “用完，耗尽”，相当于不及物动词，主语一是人，也可以是某种能消耗物品的机器等I am used to walking after dinner.(1) so that 为了，

10、以便 =in order thatin order to do为了，以便,后接动词原形(2) so .that. 如此.以至于. ,后跟形容词或副词主语+谓语+so + adj./adv. +that.(3) such.that. 如此.以至于.such(+a/an) +adj. n. +that.He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him importance n. 重要，重要性 -ance 名词后缀important adj. unimportant adj. 不重要的 un 否定前缀die v. 死，去世 dead adj. 死的，列

11、亡的death n. 死，死亡without 介词with（介词） 常见用法（1）“具有，带有”，表示事物所具有的性质、特征 hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶（2）“和.在一起”He is talking with a friend.(3) 使用She cut the apple with a knife(4)关于，对于Whats the matter with him ?(5) 表示行为方式 She likes to sleep with light on她喜欢开着灯睡觉 24-year - old “24岁的” 是一个复合形容词，复合形容词的特点：一是数词、名词、形容词之

12、间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词须用单数形式get on上车 get off 下车 后面跟较大的交通工具，如公共汽车、火车、轮船get into 上车get out of下车 后面跟小汽车、出租车taxi 、电梯happen 发生，不能用于被动语态，且不与表示一段时间的状语连用。(1)sth.+happened+地点/时间 某地/某时发生了某事An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故The story happened in 2008.(2) sth.happened to sb. 某人出了某事（常指不好的事）A car accident

13、 happened to her this moring.(3) 碰巧，sb. happened to do sth.It happened that She happened to meet her friend in the bookstore.It happened that I had no money with me wait (vi) for sb./sth. wait for sb/sth. to do sth. 等待某人/某物做某事（1）to ones surprise 使.惊讶的；出乎.意料，放在句首，其后用逗号隔开（2）in surprise 惊讶地；惊奇地,相当于副词性短

14、语，用来修饰动词，一般放在修饰的动词后面He is looking at the strange animal in surprise.（3）be sruprised at “对.感到惊奇”，主语是人to ones +表示感情色彩的名词 意为“令/使某人.的是”to ones joy令/使某人高兴的是to ones disappointment令/使某人是失望的是to ones satisfaction 令/使某人满意的是（1）in time “及时，强调正好赶上事先约定的时间，没有迟到；其后可接for 引起的介词短语，表示”正赶上某事I am just in time for the pla

15、ne.我正好赶上那个航班（2）on time ”准时，按时”，指按计划做某事，强调不迟到不早不晚Passengers get onto the plane on time.乘客们准时登机right away=at once ,right now 立即，马上反身代词短语enjoy oneselfteach oneself/learn sth. by oneself 自学help oneself to . 随便吃（喝）hurt oneself 伤着自己by oneself 独自；单独cut oneself 割伤自己fall down 摔倒，跌倒，是不及物动词短语，其后跟宾语时须加介词from ,此

16、时fall down from 相当于fall off 意为“从.上掉/摔下来”He fell down from his bike yesterday=He fell off his bike yesterday 昨天他从自行车上摔下来（1）sick 生病的，有病的feel sick 生病了be sick =be ill（2）sick “恶心的”I feel a little sick.我带到有点恶心（3）sick 厌倦的 be sick of I am sick of going shopping.（1）take tisks =take a risk “冒险”the risk of .风险

17、（2）risk 用作动词，“冒险”，其后可接名词、代词或V-ing 作宾语Im willing to risk losing everything.我愿意冒失去一切的危险be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事，愿意做某事be ready for 为.作准备blood 不可数名词 a drop of blood 一滴血 bloody adj. 有血的；出血的(1) mean “意思是；意为”其后常接名词、V-ing 或宾语从句(2) mean “打算；意欲”mean to do sth. 打算做某事I mean to talk with him about it.(3)mean 意

18、味着，其后常接名词或V-ing 作宾语mean doing My new job means working all day all night.我的新工作意味着夜以继日地工作get out of 离开；从.出来get into 进入tell of 叙述；描述the importance of (doing) sth. (做)某事的重要性（1）be in control of 掌管；管理You should be in control of your own life and business.你应该掌管自己的生活和事业（2）be in the control of “受.控制；受.管理”Th

19、e company is in the conrtol of the young man.这家公司在这个年轻的的管理之下（3）be out of control 失去.的控制（1）keep on doing sth. “继续做某事”表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调重复性She kept on working, althouth she was tired.尽管她加强累了，她还继续工作（2）keep doing sth. “继续不停地做某事”表示动作的持续不间断、无停顿，强调连续性Keepwalking until you reach the end of the road.继续走，直到你到达

20、路的尽头（3）keep sb. doing sth. “使某人一直做某事”Dont keep your mother waiting.（4）keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事You shouldnt keep him from watching cartoons.你不该阻止他看动画片mind “介意；在乎”，后面接名词、V-ing 或从句作宾语，但不能跟动词不定式give up “放弃”，其后可接名词、代词或V-ing作宾语，give up 是“动词+副词”型短语，后接代词作宾语时，代词放在give和up 之间 give up doing Unit 2 Ill h

21、elp to clean up the city parks短语clean up 打扫（或清除）干净cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来give out 分发；散发used to 曾经.；过去.give away 赠送；捐赠set up 建起；设立make a difference 影响；有作用come up with 想出；提出put off 推迟put up 张贴；搭建；举起call up 打电话给（某人）；征召help out 帮助.摆脱困境care for 照顾；非常喜欢try out 参加.选拔；试用come true 实现run out of 用尽；耗尽 take afte

22、r（外貌或行为）像fix up 修理；装饰be similar to 与.相似be strong in 擅长work out fine 奏效be excited about 对.感到兴奋、激动用法need to do sth. 需要做某事make plans to do sth.制订计划做某事ask sb.(not )to do sth.要求某人（不要）做某事used to do sth.过去常常做某事give up +时间+to do sth.腾出时间做某事get a feeling of 产生.的感觉help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事make a difference

23、 to对.产生影响 make it possible for sb. to do 使得做某事对某人来说成为可能hope to do sth. 希望做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事remember to do sth.记得做某事clean up ,cheer up ,give out ,put off，fix up ,work out, give away是“动词+副词”结构，后面可跟名词，代词，动词-ing,作宾语，人称代词作宾语时，必须放在两词之间（1）volunteer（vi）for 自愿做，义务做后常跟介词in,forThe

24、y volunteer for the work in the club.他们自愿地俱乐部里参加这项工作拓展（2）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事He volunteered to clean up the room after the party.（3）volunter n. 志愿者 I want to be a volunteer in the city.(1)notice 可数名词“通知，通告，布告”make some notices 制作一些布告put up a notice 张贴一张通知拓展(2) notice v. 注意到，意识到notice sb. do /d

25、oing sth. 注意到某人做了/正在做某事Did you notice Jack come in?你注意到杰克进来了吗？I didt notice you carrying a box when you came in.你进来时我没注意到你扛着一个箱子。notice +that 注意到I noticed that he left the room.（1）(P10) used to 在此表示过去一度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定的情形。作这一用法讲时，used to 常与be,have ,live ,stay,like,love连用，表示“曾，曾经”We used to be very goo

26、d friends when we were at school.我们上学的时候曾是十分要好的朋友拓展（2） used to 还表示“过去常常”做某事，但现在不那样做了，后接动词原形She used to come her every week.她过去每周都到这儿来(1)care for 照顾，照料=look after=take care of 拓展(2) care for 还可意为“非常喜欢”，通常用于否定句或疑问句中I dont care for basketball.(3)care about “关心；在意”Your father truly cares about you.(P11)

27、 how to care for animals 是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。疑问代词what,who ,which 和疑问副词where,when,why,how 后面接动词不定式构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语I didnt decide where to live.The difficulty is how to do more work with less money.困难在于如何用更少的钱办更多的事P11（1）get (vt.) 产生；形成，常与feeling ,ieda搭配使用get better （2）get 系动词 “变得，变为”后接形容词such形

28、容词such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词so副词so+形容词/副词so +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数so+many/much/few/little+名词joy 不可数名词“高兴，愉快”He jumped up with joy.他高兴得跳了起来owner 主人 the owner of .的主人拓展（1）own adj. “自己的”一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后，以加强语气。I saw it with my own eyes.（2）own (vt.) 有，拥有，相当于haveHe owns a big house.（3）of on

29、es own “属于某人自己的”；（4）on ones own 单独地，独自地，相当于aloneAt last Ive got a big house of my own.最终我有了一座属于自己的大房子He wants to finish the work on his own.try out “参加.选拔；试用”，当意为“参加.选拔”时常与介词for连用Im trying out a new computer.我正在试用一台新电脑go on a +名词 “进行 .，举行”a dream come true 梦想成真at the same time 同时（一定有the)raise money

30、for “为.筹钱”拓展 raise 举起，抬起；提高；养育homeless adj. “无家可归的”是由“名词home+less”构成。后缀-less表示否定意义，意为“没在；无”“某些名词+-less”构成形容词hope -hopeless 无望的use -useless 无用的stop doning sth.停止做某事指停止正在做的事情Stop to do sth.停下来去做某事指停止原来做的事情去做另外一件事They were very tired,but they didnt stop working.尽管他们很累，但他们没有停止工作He felt very tired,so he stopped to have a