ielts语法.docx

1、ielts语法第一章 句子 什么是句子?句子就是一组相关的词组合在一起表达一个完整的意思。句子的成分可分为主语subject、谓语predicate、宾语object、定语attributive、同位语appositive 状语adverbial和表语predicative等。宾语又分为直接宾语、间接宾语和复合宾语3种。一个句子不一定要包括上述的每种成分。一般说来，一个句子应该有一个主语和谓语，才能作为独立的句子单独存在。句子种类繁多，有长有短，有简单句也有复合句，各自在文章中起不同的作用。要写好文章，必须先从写好句子开始。我们必须对句子的基本句型和分类有一个清晰的认识，句子的质量如何，直接影

2、响到文章的整体效果。 基本句子结构虽然英语的句子结构较为复杂，却有章可循。归纳起来，英语主要有以下几种基本句型：1 The price of cars fluctuates between August and September8月和9月期间汽车价格波动。2 From 1995 to 1998，the number of male students stabilized 1995年至1998年，男生的人数保持稳定态势。3 The number of TV viewers climbs significantly between 8 pm and 10 pm.电视观众的人数在晚上8点到10点之

3、间急剧上升。4 Since 2000 the figure has dropped slightly .从2000年起数目开始缓慢下降。5 The Era of Globalization has already come.全球一体化时代已经来临。6 Views on the issue in question vary greatly .人们对此事持有不同看法。7 Notions about this hot topic differ widely .人们对此热门话题的观点不一。8 Some acute problems have already arisen .一些尖锐的问题已经出现。9

4、The environment has been deteriorating along with the rapid development of economy.随着经济的迅猛发展，环境也在不断地恶化。10 Overweight/Obese people suffer greatly psychologically and physically .肥胖的人身心都受到伤害。1 The toxic gases endanger peoples health .有毒气体危害人们健康。2 Before presenting my view, I will explore both sides of

5、 the controversial issue .在表明观点之前，我将探讨一下这具有争议的事件的正反方。3 Art funding lavishes our limited public funds . 资助艺术浪费我们有限的公共资金。4 The installation cameras violates peoples privacy .安装摄像头侵犯人们的隐私。5 Playing computer games squanders parents hard-earned cash .打游戏机浪费父母的血汗钱。6 Passive smoking can cause symptoms such

6、 as eye irritation headache, cough, sore throat, dizziness, and nausea 被动吸烟可导致诸如眼睛发炎、头痛、咳嗽、喉咙痛、头晕和恶心等症状。7 Art upgrades the image and status of the city艺术提升城市的形象和地位。8 Collections and exhibitions reflect the cultural and social diversity .收藏品和展品反映了文化和社会的多元化。9 Improper living habits impair our health .

7、不良的生活习惯有害健康。10 Compulsory military service breaks the study momentum.义务兵役制度破坏学习的连贯性。11 Unrestrained development of tourism breaks the ecological balance 旅游业无限制的发展破坏生态平衡。12 Crosscultural communication can remove prejudice and hostility .跨文化交流有助于消除偏见和敌意。13 Indulgence in watching TV kills creativity .沉

8、迷于看电视扼杀创造力。14 Investment in artistic projects，such as museums and galleries, promotes the city image.投资艺术项目，如博物馆和展览馆等，能改善城市形象。 不及物动词可以通过跟介词或副词结合构成及物用法。 VI+Prep=VT approve of, deal with, look into, complain about, result in, lead to, dispose of, subscribe to, side with, contribute to, give up, appeal

9、 to 1 The department concerned should deal with this unpleasant matter in two days.有关部门应在两天之内处理这一不愉快的事件。2 Would you please look into my present situation?你能否调查一下我的现状?3 Many residents complain about the construction site which makes great noise day and night很多居民投诉整天发出巨大噪音的工地。4 Overindulgence in compu

10、ter games leads to obesity and myopia .过分沉迷于电脑游戏导致肥胖和近视。5 Your advertisement in Guangzhou Morning Post appeals to me,贵公司登载于广州英文早报的广告吸引了我。6 Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides may _give rise to the deteriorations of the environment .过量使用肥料和杀虫剂可能导致环境的恶化。7 I can hardly side with the latter opinion fo

11、r the following several sound reasons我很难认同后一种观点,理由有以下几方面。8 Art contributes to the enrichment of the lives of people.艺术丰富人们的生活。9 Cultural development contributes to the image of a country as a modern, dynamic and forward-looking society文化发展展示了一个现代、充满活力和展望未来的社会。10 Excessive intake of fat and calorie r

12、esults in a host of health conditions such as obesity, coronary heart disease and hypertension .过量摄入脂肪和热量导致一系列的健康问题,如肥胖、冠心病和高血压等。11 Competition among fellow teens leads to jealousy and jealousy leads to violent acts.同伴之间的竞争导致嫉妒,而嫉妒导致暴力行为。 12 In order to stay healthy, we should give up excessive drin

13、king and smoking .为了身体健康,我们应该避免烟酒过度。13 Few people subscribe to the proposal set forth by animal-rights advocates .很少人赞成动物权益保护者提出的建议。 VI+Adv+Prep=VT make up for, look down upon, do away with, pot up with1 I will make up for my fault by inviting you to have a drink tonight.今晚我将邀请你去喝一杯以示将功赎过。2 We shall

14、 never look down upon people from minority areas 我们永远都不应看不起来自少数民族地区的人民。3 In order to lose weight, we should do away with the sedentary lifestyle.我们应该抛弃久坐的生活方式以减轻体重。4 For the sake of our younger generation, corporal punishment should be done away with为了年轻一代着想,我们应该废除体罚。5 I can hardly put up with the p

15、oor service of your restaurant.我很难忍受你们饭馆低劣的服务。1 The touch on a thick volume gives one inexpressible pleasure .手握厚重的一卷书,我们感受到难以言状的快乐。2 The critics show us some convincing evidence.反对者向我们展示一些具有说服力的证据。3The table shows US the results of a survey on the relationship between gender and hobbies该表格向我们展示了关于性

16、别和爱好之间关系的调查结果.4 A gap year offers high school graduates a valuable opportunity to identify their career interests and goals .间隔年为中学毕业生提供了一个宝贵的机会去认清自己的职业兴趣和目标。5 I wish Wu Jiachen a good journey .我祝吴嘉琛一路顺风。6 A coeducational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniatur

17、e实行男女共校制度的学校给学生提供了现实社会的微型版。7 Job-hopping offers people an opportunity display their versatile talents .跳槽给人们展示才艺的机会。8 The installation of cameras brings residents a strong sense of security . 摄像头的安装给居民强烈的安全感。9 Museums give people a sense of national pride and belonging .博物馆给人们民族自豪感和归属感。10 Part-time

18、jobs give students a sense of achievement through contributing to society.通过为社会作贡献,学生从兼职工作中获得一种成就感。 S+V+O+A(主语+动词+宾语+形容词)1 We consider surfing the Internet emotionally detrimental .我们认为上网伤感情。2 The cloning technology call make humans redundant ,replaceable and even extinct .克隆技术可能使人变得多余、可替代甚至是处于灭绝的境地

19、。3 The stressful life makes many people sick紧张的生活令许多人生病。4 The soaring unemployment rate makes us upset急剧上升的失业率使人沮丧、心烦。 S+V+O+N(主语+动词+宾语+名词)1 In English people name fat people couch potatoes .英语中肥胖的人被称为沙发土豆。2 People call TV an idiot box .人们把电视叫做白痴盒子。3 We consider the installation of cameras an infrin

20、gement on peoples privacy .我们认为摄像头的安装是对人隐私的侵犯。4 We consider censorship a brazen encroachment on freedom of expression .我们认为新闻审查制度是对言论自由的公然践踏。 S+V+O+IMFINITVE(主语+动词+宾语+不定式)1 I sincerely invite you to attend my weeding that is to be held at China Hotel next Sunday.我诚意邀请你参加下星期天我在中国大酒店举行的婚礼。2 I require

21、you to send someone to dea1with this thorny issue as soon as possible我要求你尽快派人处理这棘手的问题。3 Would you allow me to have an interview with you to discuss my qualifications ?您可否让我跟您面谈我的个人情况呢?4 The Internet enables us to have easy access to the latest information worldwide互联网使我们很容易接触到全世界最新的资讯。5 Experts advi

22、se the government to demolish the old houses in the downtown area to promote the city image .专家建议政府拆除市区里的旧房子来改善城市形象。常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, look, remain, sound, feel, smell, taste, become, grow, turn, go, prove, etc. S+LV+N(主语+系动词+名词)1 Biodiversity is one of mans greatest assets .生物多元化是人类最大的财富。2 L

23、egislative regulation of the Internet is an appropriate function of the government.对互联网的立法管制是政府的职能。3 The legalization of marijuana has become a hot-button issue in our community.大麻合法化在我们社区成了个焦点话题。4 The greatest contribution of coeducation is the healthy attitude to life it encourages.男女共校制度的最大优点是它所提

24、倡的健康的人生态度。5 One merit of the Internet is easy access to the latest information.互联网的好处是能迅速方便地获取最新的资讯。6 Our museums, galleries, and built and natural heritage are excellent educational resources .博物馆、展览馆以及人造和自然的遗产是非常好的教育资源。7 The abolition of capital punishment is an issue of controversy .死刑的废除是个具有争议的事

25、件。8 Environmental protection and the protection of biodiversity are very much a luxury of developing countries.环境保护和保护生物多元化对于发展中国家是个奢侈的东西。9 TV is a time-filler .电视是个消磨时间的东西。10 Playing video games is a time-consuming hobby .打游戏机是个费时的爱好。 S+LV+A(主语+系动词+形容词)1 The number of visitors to U.S.A. remained co

26、nstant during the summer.到美国的游客的数目在夏季保持不变。2 Cloning is unnatural and not ethically correct .克隆技术是违背自然和不道德的。3 He Guofang is talented and modest .何国方有才华且为人谦逊。4 The proposal that women should go back home to be full-time housewives seems impractical and ridiculous.妇女应该回家做全职太太的建议似乎不切实际并很荒唐。5 The project

27、 sounds quite convincing and constructive .这个方案听起来相当令人信服和具有建设性。6 Jogging proves physically beneficial .慢跑证明是有益健康的。7 Some information on Internet is misguiding and cheating .网上一些信息是误导人的和带有欺骗性的。 句子种类 由于分析角度不同,不同语法书对英语句子的划分也相应有不同的分类。在此笔者主要根据IELTS写作的需要,从句子结构的角度讲解几种类型的句子。按结构划分,句子可分为简单句(simple)、并列句(compou

28、nd)、复合句(complex)和并列复合句(compound-complex)等。 一个独立的句子,如果只有一个主语(可以是并列主语)和一个谓语(可以是并列谓语),这样的句子就称为简单句。简单句只能有一个主语和谓语,但是可以包含不止一个宾语、定语或状语。1 We should carry forward our national culture .我们应该弘扬民族文化。2 Few people can resist the temptation of drugs .很少有人能抵挡住毒品的诱惑。3 The advertisement is misguiding and exaggerative

29、 .该广告误导人和夸大其词。4 The direct cause of drug-taking is ignorance and curiosity .吸毒的直接原因是无知和好奇。5 The opponents attribute the deterioration of environment to the rapidly expanding population and economic development.反对方把环境的恶化归咎于人口的迅速增长和经济的快速发展。6 The number of TV audience reaches a peak of 20 000 at 9 pm.电

30、视观众的人数在9点达到最高点,为2万人。7 Animal testing violates animals right of subsistence .动物实验侵犯了动物的生存权。8 Traveling abroad broadens ones vision, enriches ones mind and cultivates independence .出国旅游开阔视野、丰富知识和培养独立性。并列句由两个以上意义相关的独立分句组成,分句之间通过并列连词连接或由连接性副词连接。并列句的分句各有一个完整、独立的主谓结构,表达的意思同等重要,分句之间是互相独立、互不依从的。 主要连词有and, b

31、ut, or, neithernor,for, so, yet等。1 Freedom of speech and involvement of government or the Internet is a controversial issue , but we must protect people from some obscene and harmful material that can be accessed through it.虽然言论自由和政府对互联网的介入是个具有争议性的话题,但是我们必须保护人们避免在网上接触到一些淫秽和有害的材料。2 Smoking may pose a potential fire hazard for smokers are careless about the cigarette butts .吸烟可能构成潜在的火险隐患,因为吸烟者往往随意丢弃烟头。3 Some overnight millionaires lead an