++特殊句式精品学案.docx

1、+特殊句式精品学案特殊句式倒装句倒装有两种考法：1.放在单项选择题中，单纯考查考生的倒装是否熟练掌握；2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。一、完全倒装将谓语动词全部提到主语之前。常见情况有：1. 表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首，谓语动词多用be, come, go等。There _. 铃声响了Here_.公交车来了Out_. .孩子们冲出去了Away _. 男孩走了【注意】当主语是人称代词时，主语语序不变。 Here it is. In _. 他来了Away _.他走了 2. 地点状语谓语主语；此时，地点

2、状语为标志词，谓语动词为不及物动词。South of the river lies a small factory.From the valley_.令人害怕的声音来自山谷。They ask to take photos where stands the tower.3. such, then, now, thus, the following 放句首时，谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be。Such are the facts.Such _.那就是生活 The following _. 下面就是问题的答案Now _.该你了4. There be/lie/exi

3、st/ stand/live 主语(there be 句型)There_.山上有一幢高楼。There _.山上有一个古庙5. 表语系动词主语；表语可以是介词短语，形容词或分词。 【注意】若主语较长，可还原为正常语序即：主语系动词表语。Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 一群年成人坐在地上。Seated on the ground _. 我们用外国油的年代一去不复返了。Gone _ when we used the “foreign oil”房子的前面有一头牛。In front of the house_.6. 用

4、于以现在分词开头的句子中。一些来自大城市的孩子坐在老人的周围。Sitting around the old man _.7. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！ 二、部分倒装将情态动词、助动词、be提到主语前。 (通常可以还原为正常的语序，并以此检验倒装句是否正确。)1. 含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时。如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcelywhen， no sooner(than

5、)， not only(but also), at no time, by no means等。Little_. about the news. 他对这消息知之甚少。By no means_ up in such a short time. 他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。【特别提醒】 若原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do, does 或did。He is active in personality, and he seldom stays indoors.(无助动词)He is active in personality, and seldom_ indo

6、ors.not onlybut also连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将not only所连接的句子提到句首时，才可用倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。Not only children but also adults _(are)interested in the film Harry Potter. (连接并列主语，_)在“hardly/scarcelywhen从句”和 “no soonerthan从句”结构中，主句用过去完成时，而从句用一般过去时。I had hardly got to the airport when the plane took off. Ha

7、rdly_ to the airport _ the plane took off. (注意谓语动词的形式)not until提前时，必须将not until后面的全部内容提前，而不仅仅是not until这两个词。The villagers did not realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.Not until all the fish died in the river_ how serious the pollution was. (将until后面的全部内容提前)neith

8、ernor 句型中两个句子都需要部分倒装。Neither_ to see the film nor_ the ticket.(I neither wanted to see the film nor bought the ticket.)2. so/as/neither/nor 为标志词放在句首；表示前面所说的肯定情况，也适合于另一人或物。so/as be (助动词或情态动词) 主语。 Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.我有大量的工作要做。_.我也是。He believed, as did all his family, that you wer

9、e innocent.他，和他全家人一样，相信你是无辜的。表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。neither (nor) be (助动词或情态动词) 主语。 If she doesnt agree to the plan, _.如果她不同意这个计划，Tom也不会同意。【特别提醒】“so 主语助动词”表示对上文肯定的内容加以肯定或赞同，意为“的确如此”； Its raining hard. 天下着大雨。_.是的。“主语did so”表示：“主语”这样做了。Tom asked me to go to play football with him and_.Tom要我去踢足球，我去了。3. o

10、nly 状语(或状语从句)助动词/系动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分状语可以是副词或介词短语和状语从句。Only in this way _ English well. 你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。Only if he has time _ here. 只有他有时间的话他才会来。Only after being asked three times _ to the meeting. 他被请了3次才来开会。【特别提醒】only之后跟的不是状语时不可倒装。下面两句中的only跟的就是主语：只有那个男孩才能解答出这个问题。_.Only socialism can save China.只有社会主义才

11、能救中国。 4在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时，可将if省略，而把were, had, should 移到句首，即Had/Were/Should主谓谓语其他部分主句。_(I attend) the meeting, I would have met Jim.5. 在 “sothat”和“suchthat”结构中，将“soadj.”和“suchn.”提到句首时。暴风雨如此厉害，整个屋顶都被吹掉了。the storm was So terrible that the whole roofs were blown off.= _杰克是如此聪明的孩子，他能解答所

12、有这些难题。Jack was Such a clever boy that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.=_. 【疑难点击】句子的一部分成分通常是表语或状语提前，但主谓语序不变。1. 标志词as: “尽管 /虽然”句式： (1)表语(形容词/名词) as/though 主语 系动词，主句。【注意】名词前不加任何冠词。1.Though /although my father is old, he keeps up with his English study.=_, he keeps up with his Engli

13、sh study.2._(尽管他是个孩子), he knows something of electricity.3.Though /although he is a rich man, he works hard.=_, he works hard.(2)副词 as/though主语谓语动词，主句。_ , he failed.尽管他很努力，但他还是失败了Much as I have traveled, Ive never seen a man as capable as Tom.(3)动词原形 as/though 主语 might/may, 主句。_(尽管他尝试了), Tom could n

14、ot get out of the difficulty.2. No matter how/However 形容词/副词主语 谓语， 主句。_(无论他多晚), she often waits for him. _(无论我多忙), I will help you.3. how和what引起的感叹句How 形容词/副词主语谓语！What 形容词名词主语谓语！_ a clever boy he is!_ blue the sky looks!_ fast time flies!省略在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达

15、出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：一、简单句中的省略 1. 省略主语。Havent seen you for ages!2省略谓语。 (Is there) Anything you want?3. 省略宾语。I dont know (where he is ). 4省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。(Have you) Got any ink? 二、 并列句中的

16、省略 在并列句中，如果后面的分句，与前面的分句有相同的部分，这一部分则常被省略掉，以免重复。He teaches English and his brother maths. 三、复合句中的省略 1. 在含有状语从句的复合句中 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。When she was asked, she didnt answer a word.As he was a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer.He looked everywhere as if he

17、was in search of something.The exhibition is more interesting than it was expected.If it is so, you must go back and get it. 【疑难点击】虚拟条件句中，含助动词，情态动词，动词be或have等，若将它们提到句首，则需省略if。Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit till next week.2在限定性定语从句中 作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom前面无介词时可以省略；关系代词在

18、从句中作表语时也可省略。the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which。 All (that) you ever want to do is going shopping. What surprised me was not what he said but the way (in which) he said it. China is no longer a country (that) used to be.【疑难点击】当先行词是time, reason, place等时，作状语的关系副词when, where, why等也可以省略。The reason (why) h

19、e did that is quite clear.3. 名词性从句中的省略 (1)引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略，或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略。He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel. (2)由which, when, where或how引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语及谓语，可全部或部分省略，只保留一个连接词。Someone has used my bike, but I dont know who。 (3)定语从句中Im afraid, I th

20、ink, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语，后面so与not分别等于肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。 Do you think it will rain? I hope not.四、动词不定式中的省略 1有些动词，如：believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略。I consider him stupid. 2在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感官动词及使

21、役动词let，make，have后接动词不定式作宾语补足语中，不定式符号to须省略。3. 动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常承前省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号to。 Did you get a ticket? No, I meant to (get one), but there werent any left.【注意】want, like用在 when, if, what, as 引导

22、的从句中，其后的to也常可省略，如：Ive decided to do what I like.4在can not but, can not choose but, do nothing but， cant help but，prefer to do rather than do， would dorather than之后的动词不定式一般不带to；but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do, does, did, done，而且其宾语是something, nothing, anything和everything等不定代词时， 也不带to, 否则要带to。We do nothing now bu

23、t_( wait).We have nothing to do but_( wait).I can not but admire his courage.He has no choice but_( accept) the fact. 5在并列结构中为了避免重复，后一个to省略。Im really puzzled what to think or say. 但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时，则后一个to不能省略。I came not to scold but to praise you. 6在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。Why talk so much

24、about it? /Why not _(try )it again? 7动词不定式与 be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留不定式符号to。I dont want to wait for him, but I have to.He doesnt like fish, but he used to. Why didnt you come to our party? I was going to, but l had a report to write.8动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略

25、，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。They may go if they wish to. Dont go till I tell you to.9.动词不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, expect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常可省略。The students want to enter the lab, but

26、 the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab). 10系动词(be)形容词，即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号。 Could you go shopping with me? Im glad to (go shopping with you). 【注意】承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be, 则要保留be或have, 如：Are you a doctor? No, but I use

27、d to be.五、某些词法上的省略 1. 名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略 (1)如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现，则可以省略。These are Johns books and those are Marys. (2)名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。at the doctors 在诊所2. 冠词的省略 (1) 在the next day (morning, week, year)等短语中，有时为了使语气紧凑，定冠词the 常可以省略。We went to the farm to help the farmers wi

28、th the harvest (the) next day. (2)在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。She sings best in the class. (3)在某些独立主格结构中。 Father came out, umbrella in hand. Father came out, with an umbrella in his hand. 3. 介词的省略 (1)both 后常跟of短语，其后可以接名词复数形式，也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时，介词of可以省略，但接代词宾格时， of不能省略。Both (of) the films were interesting. She invi