中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题专题二 数词冠词.docx

1、中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题专题二 数词冠词专题二 数词、冠词一数词1.数词概述：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。 2.数词的种类：可以分为两种： 基数词：表示数目多少的数词。序数词：表示先后顺序的数词。3.基数词的写法和用法1）112的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 2）1319的基数词以-teen结尾。如：14fourteen，但13，15，18较特殊，13thirteen 15fifteen 18eighteen。 3）2090的

2、整十位均以-ty结尾。如：60sixty，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊， 20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty。 4) 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28twenty-eight，96ninety-six。 5) 百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加“and”，如：148one hundred and forty-eight , 406four hundred and six。 6) hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。7)

3、 .百(hundred),千(thousand),百万(million)等词与介词of连用的时侯，用复数形式，表不确定数目，其前面不可与数字连用8）.表示“几十”的数词，复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。如： He is in his forties. 他四十多岁。 This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在二十世纪三十年代。 9）.基数词可与其他词构成形容词。如： Can you say something about your two-month holiday? ？(two和month之间有连字符时，month用单数)4. 序数词的写法和用法 1）基数词变序数

4、词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t ”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”变法如下：first，second，third，eighteighth nineninth，fivefifth，twelvetwelfth，twentytwentieth，fortyfortieth，twenty-fivetwenty-fifth。 其余情况均在基数词后加th。如： sixsixth, nineteennineteenth , hundred hundredth, thousandthousandth等。 2）.

5、 序数词前常用定冠词the, 表“顺序”。但如果序数词不表示顺序，而表示“又一个，另一个”时，则不能用the, 要用a. 如：Try it a second time. 再试一下。 5. 序数词表示“名次”时，不用定冠词。 He was first. 他得了第一名。 Who was first? Who was second？谁是第一名？谁是第二名？ 注意: 1.分数的读法：分子必须用基数词，分母用序数词。分子如果大于1，分母须用复数形式。先读分子，再读分母。分子为one时可换用a. 如： In our class, about a third can speak English well.

6、Two thirds 三分之二。 2.1/2读作“a(或one)half(而不是a second “一秒钟”)，1/4既可读作“a(或one)quarter”又可读作 “a(或one)fourth”. 3/4:Three quarters 3.小数的读法：小数点的前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同；小数点读作point,小数点后只须将数字一一读出。 15.67 读作: fifteen point six seven 4. 百分数的读法：先读基数词，再读百分号 “%”（读作percent）. 5% 读作: five percent. 5.年代的读法为“两位，两位”地读。整百的后读hundr

7、ed,整千的后读thousand, 前常加 the year. 如： 1937读作nineteen thirty-seven 或：nineteen hundred and thirty-seven 2000 年 读作 the year two thousand December the first, nineteen ninety-four 一九九四年十二月一日二.冠词1. 冠词概述：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2. 冠词的种类：英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。 3. 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a (an)

8、与数词one 同源，是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作e，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做en。 1) 表示一个，意为one；2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is a doctor.3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / hav

9、e a try / keep an eye on / 4. 定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。它有以下意义： 1）特指双方都明白的人或物：定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1）特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the umbrella.带上伞。 2）上文提到过的人或事： He bought a book.Ive read the book. 他买了一本书。我看过那本书。 3）指世上独一物二的事物

10、： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 活着的人。 5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6）用在表示身体部位的名词前： She

11、caught me by the hand.她抓住了我手。 7）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 8）用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 10) 用在惯用语中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrow the d

12、ay before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, by the way,go to the theatre5.零冠词的用法 1) 国名，人名前通常不用冠词：England，Mary； 2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词； They are teachers. 3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词； Failure is the mother

13、 of success.失败乃成功之母。2）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 3）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 4） 当by 与火车等交通工具连用中间无冠词；by bus，by train； 5）有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class， town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义，如：go to hospital去医院看病 go

14、 to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的) 6）不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race. c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last实战演练(250)1. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five 2 _visitors

15、 visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundred of C. Hundreds of 3. There are two_ people in the library. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of 4. Every year _ watch NBA on TV. A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people 5. _ trees will be planted in our city in 5 years. A. Thous

16、ands of B. Two thousands C. Two thousand of 6. My brother is in_. A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade first, Class Third 7. We are going to learn_ this term. A. book six B. six book C. Book Six 8. Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud. A. Page Two B. the page two C. seco

17、nd page 9. He will come here _ tomorrow morning. A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two10. He was doing some reading _. A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight 11. He began to live there_. A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. in his fifties 12 They moved to t

18、he USA _ A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 C. in the 1980s 13.She was _ her early twenties when she became a movie star. A. at B. on C. in 14. There are_ months in a year. December is the_month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve 15. Sunday is the_ day of the week. A. seven

19、th B. first C. second 16. Autumn is_ season in a year. A. the fourth B. the third C. a third 17. -Whats the date today? -Its_. A. Friday B. cloudy C. July 4th 18. Jenny was born _.A. on July 10, 1997 B. in July 10, 1997 C. in 1997, July 1019. Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth

20、B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday 20. About_ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths 21. _ of the students are girls in our class. A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds 22._ of the worlds books and newspapers are wri

21、tten in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four 23. Tom is_ in the row. A. a third B. the third C. third 24. The girl wanted to sing_ song at the party yesterday. A. two B. a second C. the second 25. Now let him have_. A. the third try B. a third try C. third try 26. Our school is

22、 only _ walk from here. A. five-minute B. five minutes C. five minutes 27. There are _ days in a week. A. the seven B. seventh C.seven 28.Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh 29.-How old is your sister? -_. A. Shes fifteenth B. Sh

23、es young C. Shes fifteen 30. I read _story. It is _interesting story.A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the 31. Paris is _ European country and China is _ Asian country.A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an32. _elephant is bigger than _ horse.A. /, / B. an, a C. A, a 33. Shut _door, please.A. a B. an C. the 34.He is now

24、 living in _ European country. A. a B. an C. / 35. China is _ old country with _ long history. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, the 36. My parents usually go out for _ walk in _ evening. A. the, a B. a, the C. /, the 37. Her _ first thing is to help her mother clean the room. A. a B. the C. / 38. The word “f

25、loor” begins with _ “f” and the end with _ “r”. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a 39. June 1st is _ Childrens Day. A. a B. the C. ./ 40. _ Huanghe River is _ second largest river in China. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a 41. Paris is one of _ most beautiful cities in _ world. A. /, the B. / ,/ C. the, the 42

26、.Yesterday Mr Smith went to _ Great Wall at _ noon. A. the, the B. /,/ C. the, / 43. We always have _ milk for _ breakfast. A. /,/ B. the, / C. /,a 44-Did you see my grandfather? -Oh, I saw _old man sitting on a chair under the tree. Maybe he is.A. a B. an C. the45-Do you see _man with a dog?-Oh, Ye

27、s, _dog is black.A. the, a, The B. a, a, C. a, the46Who is _better, Li Ping or Wang Dong? A. the B. a C. 47We go to school five days _ week.A. a B. an C. / 48-In which class is _ boy in white? -Hes in Class 5.A. the B. a C. an 49. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _ soccer.A. a B. an C. /50More college graduates would like to work in _ west part of our country _ next year.A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / 参考答案1-5 CCABA 5-10 BCABA 11-15 CCCBB 16-20 ACABB 21-25 CABBB26-30 CCACA 31-35 CBCBA 36-40 BCCCA 41-45 CCABC 46-50 CAACC