1、中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题专题二 数词冠词专题二 数词、冠词一数词1.数词概述:表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。 2.数词的种类:可以分为两种: 基数词:表示数目多少的数词。序数词:表示先后顺序的数词。3.基数词的写法和用法1)112的基数词是独立的单词,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。 2)1319的基数词以-teen结尾。如:14fourteen,但13,15,18较特殊,13thirteen 15fifteen 18eighteen。 3)2090的
2、整十位均以-ty结尾。如:60sixty,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊, 20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty。 4) 十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28twenty-eight,96ninety-six。 5) 百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加“and”,如:148one hundred and forty-eight , 406four hundred and six。 6) hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。7)
3、 .百(hundred),千(thousand),百万(million)等词与介词of连用的时侯,用复数形式,表不确定数目,其前面不可与数字连用8).表示“几十”的数词,复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。如: He is in his forties. 他四十多岁。 This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在二十世纪三十年代。 9).基数词可与其他词构成形容词。如: Can you say something about your two-month holiday? ?(two和month之间有连字符时,month用单数)4. 序数词的写法和用法 1)基数词变序数
4、词可利用口诀巧记:“一、二、三,特殊记,八去“t ”,九去“e”,“ve”要用“f”替,见“y”变成“i”和“e”,词尾加上“th”,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。”变法如下:first,second,third,eighteighth nineninth,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth,twentytwentieth,fortyfortieth,twenty-fivetwenty-fifth。 其余情况均在基数词后加th。如: sixsixth, nineteennineteenth , hundred hundredth, thousandthousandth等。 2).
5、 序数词前常用定冠词the, 表“顺序”。但如果序数词不表示顺序,而表示“又一个,另一个”时,则不能用the, 要用a. 如:Try it a second time. 再试一下。 5. 序数词表示“名次”时,不用定冠词。 He was first. 他得了第一名。 Who was first? Who was second?谁是第一名?谁是第二名? 注意: 1.分数的读法:分子必须用基数词,分母用序数词。分子如果大于1,分母须用复数形式。先读分子,再读分母。分子为one时可换用a. 如: In our class, about a third can speak English well.
6、Two thirds 三分之二。 2.1/2读作“a(或one)half(而不是a second “一秒钟”),1/4既可读作“a(或one)quarter”又可读作 “a(或one)fourth”. 3/4:Three quarters 3.小数的读法:小数点的前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同;小数点读作point,小数点后只须将数字一一读出。 15.67 读作: fifteen point six seven 4. 百分数的读法:先读基数词,再读百分号 “%”(读作percent). 5% 读作: five percent. 5.年代的读法为“两位,两位”地读。整百的后读hundr
7、ed,整千的后读thousand, 前常加 the year. 如: 1937读作nineteen thirty-seven 或:nineteen hundred and thirty-seven 2000 年 读作 the year two thousand December the first, nineteen ninety-four 一九九四年十二月一日二.冠词1. 冠词概述:冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。2. 冠词的种类:英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词,另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。 3. 不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a (an)
8、与数词one 同源,是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作e,而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。 1) 表示一个,意为one;2) 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is a doctor.3) 词组或成语。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / hav
9、e a try / keep an eye on / 4. 定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那(这)个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。它有以下意义: 1)特指双方都明白的人或物:定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那(这)个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Take the umbrella.带上伞。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a book.Ive read the book. 他买了一本书。我看过那本书。 3)指世上独一物二的事物
10、: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 活着的人。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面: Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。 6)用在表示身体部位的名词前: She
11、caught me by the hand.她抓住了我手。 7)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the United States 美国 8)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。 9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇) 10) 用在惯用语中: in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow the d
12、ay before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country) in the dark,in the rain,in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, by the way,go to the theatre5.零冠词的用法 1) 国名,人名前通常不用冠词:England,Mary; 2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词; They are teachers. 3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词; Failure is the mother
13、 of success.失败乃成功之母。2)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; We go to school from Monday to Friday. 3)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 4) 当by 与火车等交通工具连用中间无冠词;by bus,by train; 5)有些个体名词不用冠词;如: school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class, town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义,如:go to hospital去医院看病 go
14、 to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 6)不用冠词的序数词; a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race. c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last实战演练(250)1. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five 2 _visitors
15、 visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundred of C. Hundreds of 3. There are two_ people in the library. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of 4. Every year _ watch NBA on TV. A. million people B. millions of people C. millions people 5. _ trees will be planted in our city in 5 years. A. Thous
16、ands of B. Two thousands C. Two thousand of 6. My brother is in_. A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade first, Class Third 7. We are going to learn_ this term. A. book six B. six book C. Book Six 8. Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud. A. Page Two B. the page two C. seco
17、nd page 9. He will come here _ tomorrow morning. A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two10. He was doing some reading _. A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight 11. He began to live there_. A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. in his fifties 12 They moved to t
18、he USA _ A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 C. in the 1980s 13.She was _ her early twenties when she became a movie star. A. at B. on C. in 14. There are_ months in a year. December is the_month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve 15. Sunday is the_ day of the week. A. seven
19、th B. first C. second 16. Autumn is_ season in a year. A. the fourth B. the third C. a third 17. -Whats the date today? -Its_. A. Friday B. cloudy C. July 4th 18. Jenny was born _.A. on July 10, 1997 B. in July 10, 1997 C. in 1997, July 1019. Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth
20、B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is Tuesday 20. About_ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths 21. _ of the students are girls in our class. A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds 22._ of the worlds books and newspapers are wri
21、tten in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four 23. Tom is_ in the row. A. a third B. the third C. third 24. The girl wanted to sing_ song at the party yesterday. A. two B. a second C. the second 25. Now let him have_. A. the third try B. a third try C. third try 26. Our school is
22、 only _ walk from here. A. five-minute B. five minutes C. five minutes 27. There are _ days in a week. A. the seven B. seventh C.seven 28.Please write down the new words in the text of _. A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh 29.-How old is your sister? -_. A. Shes fifteenth B. Sh
23、es young C. Shes fifteen 30. I read _story. It is _interesting story.A. a, an B. a, a C. the, the 31. Paris is _ European country and China is _ Asian country.A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an32. _elephant is bigger than _ horse.A. /, / B. an, a C. A, a 33. Shut _door, please.A. a B. an C. the 34.He is now
24、 living in _ European country. A. a B. an C. / 35. China is _ old country with _ long history. A. an, a B. a, a C. an, the 36. My parents usually go out for _ walk in _ evening. A. the, a B. a, the C. /, the 37. Her _ first thing is to help her mother clean the room. A. a B. the C. / 38. The word “f
25、loor” begins with _ “f” and the end with _ “r”. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a 39. June 1st is _ Childrens Day. A. a B. the C. ./ 40. _ Huanghe River is _ second largest river in China. A. The, the B. A, a C. The, a 41. Paris is one of _ most beautiful cities in _ world. A. /, the B. / ,/ C. the, the 42
26、.Yesterday Mr Smith went to _ Great Wall at _ noon. A. the, the B. /,/ C. the, / 43. We always have _ milk for _ breakfast. A. /,/ B. the, / C. /,a 44-Did you see my grandfather? -Oh, I saw _old man sitting on a chair under the tree. Maybe he is.A. a B. an C. the45-Do you see _man with a dog?-Oh, Ye
27、s, _dog is black.A. the, a, The B. a, a, C. a, the46Who is _better, Li Ping or Wang Dong? A. the B. a C. 47We go to school five days _ week.A. a B. an C. / 48-In which class is _ boy in white? -Hes in Class 5.A. the B. a C. an 49. We often have sports after class, and I like to play _ soccer.A. a B. an C. /50More college graduates would like to work in _ west part of our country _ next year.A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / 参考答案1-5 CCABA 5-10 BCABA 11-15 CCCBB 16-20 ACABB 21-25 CABBB26-30 CCACA 31-35 CBCBA 36-40 BCCCA 41-45 CCABC 46-50 CAACC
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