学年高中英语Unit2GrowingpainsSectionⅣGrammar.docx

1、学年高中英语Unit2GrowingpainsSectionGrammarSection Grammar & Writing 语法图解 探究发现In the corner, there is a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper.David, we think, is the person to whom you should write.The policeman with whom Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine.Perhaps

2、there is a reason why the house is in a mess.This is the house where Lu Xun lived.I still remember those years when I lived with him.我的发现(1)例句中含“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，而且关系词作介词的宾语。(2)例句中含关系副词引导的定语从句，而且关系副词在从句中作状语。why作原因状语；where作地点状语；when作时间状语。一、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”结构定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介词关系代词”结构。关系代词

3、通常是which和whom，which指物，whom指人。 名师点津若定语从句中的短语是固定搭配，拆开便失去了原来的意义，则介词通常不能前置到关系代词之前。如look for, look after, take care of等。This is the painting which/that hes looking for.这就是他正在找的那幅画。(从句中的look for为固定短语，不能拆开)即时演练1用“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句合并句子Liu Yang will never forget the day.She was carried into space by spaceship o

4、n that day.Liu_Yang_will_never_forget_the_day_on_which_she_was_carried_into_space_by_spaceship.The store was broken into last night.My sister works in the store.The_store_in_which_my_sister_works_was_broken_into_last_night.The reason is that he was ill yesterday.He did not hand in his homework for t

5、hat reason.The_reason_for_which_he_did_not_hand_in_his_homework_is_that_he_was_ill_yesterday.The English play was a great success.The students acted in it at the New Years party.The_English_play_in_which_the_students_acted_at_the_New_Years_party_was_a_great_success.Who is the man?You shook hands wit

6、h him just now.Who_is_the_man_with_whom_you_shook_hands_just_now?2介词的确定方法结合句意，一看先行词，二看从句的谓语动词与先行词的搭配来确定介词。In this room, we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of fruits.在这个房间里，我们看到一张上面放着各种各样的水果的大桌子。(which代指a big table，介词根据on the table 来确定)This is the man from whom I learned about the news.

7、/This is the man whom I learned about the news from.我就是从这个人那儿听到那个消息的。(whom代指the man，介词根据learn . from来确定)即时演练2用适当的“介词关系代词”填空This is a picture of Lei Feng from_whom weve learned a lot.To tell you the truth, the singer for_whom you are waiting wont come tonight.As we all know, the age at_which children

8、 can go to school is seven.These are the visitors to_whom the man was too rude.He built a telescope through_which he could study the sky in his free time.3先行词是way的定语从句way(方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若从句引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用in which或that，引导词也可省略；当引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时，引导词用which/that。I dont like the way (that/in which)

9、 you speak to your mother.我不喜欢你跟你妈妈说话的方式。The way which/that you told me yesterday doesnt work.你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。即时演练3完成句子他给我们解释的方法非常简单。The way that/which_he_explained_to_us was quite simple.他向我们解释这个句子的方法不难理解。The way that/in_which_he_explained_the_sentence_to_us was not difficult to understand.二、关系副词引导的定语

10、从句1关系副词(介词关系代词)关系副词先行词含义where表示地点的名词：抽象地点和具体地点“(在)地方”，相当于“介词which”when表示时间的名词“在时候”，相当于“介词which”whyreason“为什么”，相当于“for which”I shall remember the days when (in which) we studied together forever.我将永远记住我们一起学习的日子。Last year my parents went to the farm where (on which) they worked 30 years ago again.去年我父

11、母又去了那个他们三十年前劳动过的农场。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们的帮助的理由吗？即时演练4(1)用适当的关系副词代替句中的黑体部分The rain came at a time at which it was not needed.whenThis is the computer by/on which he has stolen top secret documents.whereHere is the place at which the murder took place.whereHe

12、 didnt give any reason for which I had been fired.why(2)用适当的关系副词填空(天津高考改编)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.(湖南高考改编)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(福建高考改编)Students shou

13、ld involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.2关系副词的用法(1)where的用法在从句中作地点状语。常可用in which, at which, on which等代替。Can you tell me the office where he works?Can you tell me the office in which he works?你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？(2)when的用法在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at wh

14、ich, during which等代替。April 1st is the day when people make fun of others.April 1st is the day on which people make fun of others.4月1日是人们捉弄别人的日子。(3)why的用法why在定语从句中作原因状语，可用for which代替。This is the reason why he went away.This is the reason for which he went away.这就是他离开的原因。名师点津区别使用关系代词还是关系副词的方法是看他们在定语从句

15、中充当的成分。关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，关系副词充当状语。试比较下面两组句子：This is the factory that/which produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced.这就是那家生产收音机的工厂。即时演练5用适当的关系词填空(江苏高考改编)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.(北京高考改编)Many cou

16、ntries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.(陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.I dont know the reason why you were absent from the meeting, but Im sure someone will tell me t

17、he reason that/which you havent told me.3关系副词的省略(1)the time, every time, each time, the moment等后的关系副词可以省略。By the time (when) he was ten years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousand English words.到吉姆10岁的时候，他已经学会了两千多个英文单词。(2)在某些表示地点的名词后，如the place等，关系副词有时也可以省略。This is the place (where) I saw him l

18、ast time.这就是我上次看见他的地方。(3)先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略。The reason (why) he came here was quite clear.他来这儿的原因非常清楚。即时演练6写出下列句子中可以省略的关系词The moment when he sent the mail, John realized what a big mistake he had made.whenShe was the only girl I went steady with during the four years when I was at university.w

19、henI cant imagine the reason why he turned down the job.why.用关系副词或“介词关系代词”填空1Is this the factory where/in_which he worked ten years ago?2He did not tell us the reason why/for_which he was late again.3This is the college where/in_which I am studying.4He is the man with/about_whom we are talking.5I ca

20、nt forget the days when/in_which I lived with you.6Can you tell me the day when/on_which Change3 was sent into space?7China is the only country where/in_which wild pandas can be found.8Ill never forget the village where/in_which I spent my childhood.9I will never forget the days that/which I spent i

21、n Beijing University.10This is the train on/in_which we went to Shanghai.单句写作1你能告诉我汽车坏的原因吗？Can you tell me the reason why_the_car_broke_down?2我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。I still remember the day on_which/when_I_first_came_to_school. 3我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。 The factory in_which/where_I_work is a large one.4你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？

22、 Could you tell me for_whom_youve_bought this coat? 5我同他讲话的那人是外国人。The man to_whom_I_spoke was a foreigner.6那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。The house the roof of_which_was_damaged has now been repaired.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：

23、把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。It is a bright and sunny day. It is first time that I have come to Sydney, Australia. I am enjoying myself very much. Today, I made a visit to “Sea World”， in where I could swim with fishes. I felt excited to see so m

24、uch fishes swimming around me. At first, I was a little frightening but soon I calm down enough to enjoy the trip. I wish I can swim around as free as fishes. The food here is delicious either. I must have put on weight. I am tired but I look forward to other funfilled day before return home.答案：第二句：

25、first前加the第四句：去掉in或wherewhich第五句：muchmany第六句：frighteningfrightened; calmcalmed第七句：cancould; freefreely第八句：eithertoo第十句：otheranother; returnreturning或return前加I本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用文体类别中的“建议信”。这类题目要求我们就有关问题进行分析并针对这个问题提出自己的看法和建议。一、基本结构1开头(beginning)开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点(state your idea)。2主体(body)对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，

26、接着提出自己的建议(reasons and evidence)。3结尾(ending)呼应开头，重申观点(restate your opinion)。二、注意事项1开门见山，直入主题。在建议信正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高建议信的针对性。2给出希望对方采取或者终止某种行为的理由。在陈述理由的过程中要换位思考，尽量为对方考虑。要用事实说话，以增强说服力。3语气要和缓，让对方考虑你的想法或者建议，以理服人是关键，不能把自己的想法强加于人。4给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。三、增分佳句A建议信开

27、头常用句式1I am sorry to know that you are worried about the coming exam.我很难过了解到你对即将到来的考试很担心。2Im glad that you are getting along well with your study.我很高兴你的学业进展顺利。3You asked me in your letter how to get on with your deskmate.你在信中问及如何与你的同桌相处。B表达建议常用句式4You dont have to worry about it.你不必为此事担心。5First, try t

28、o invite some of your good friends to take part in afterclass activities.首先，尽量邀请你的一些好友参加课外活动。6Whats more, help others when theyre in trouble.此外，当别人有困难时帮助他们。7In my opinion, you should find a chance to talk with her.依我看，你应该找机会与她谈谈。C建议信结尾常用句式8I hope these suggestions will help you.我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。9Im sur

29、e youll make it.我相信你能行。10I hope everything goes well with you.希望你万事如意。题目要求高一新生或多或少都会经历所谓“成长的烦恼”。如高中学习难度的增加使得学生的压力增大；新同学之间的不了解导致小误会时而发生；部分同学由于肥胖而感到自卑；不少同学因为琐事与父母发生冲突，这些都让青少年对于高中生活感到沮丧和困惑。针对这一现象，校刊编辑部发起了以“成长的烦恼”为主题的征文活动，请你(Tom)给高一的同学写一封信，就这个话题的某一两个你感受最深的方面谈谈你的看法，同时提出适当的建议来帮助高一的学生树立正确的态度。注意：词数100左右。第一步

30、：审题构思很关键一、审题1确定体裁：本文为建议信；2确定人称：本文主要人称以第一、二人称为主；3确定时态： 本文主要应以一般现在时为主。二、构思第一部分，开头：概括介绍我们的现状及存在的问题并提出自己的观点。第二部分，阐述：对自己的观点、建议进一步说明。第三部分，总结：我们会有光明的未来。第二步：核心词汇想周全1make_oneself_feel_good使某人自我感觉良好2be_ashamed_of 为感到羞耻3in_the_process_of 在过程中4keep_a_balanced_diet 保持饮食平衡5have_arguments_with_sb. 与某人争论6tend_to_do_sth. 倾向于做某事7believe_in_oneself 相信自己8all_in_all 总之第三步：由词扩句雏形现1此时此刻，我们正在经历“成长的烦恼”，我们中的有些人对我们的高中生活感觉真的很困惑和沮丧。(and连接的并列句)At_this_moment,_we_are_going_through_the_“growing_pains”，_and_some_of_us_feel_really_confused_and_frustrated_about_our_high_school_life._2在我看来，我们要积极地努力去让自己感觉更好。In_my_opini