九年级英语语法讲稿新目标.docx

1、九年级英语语法讲稿新目标Grammar-Band Two先讲一些句子让学生感受句子的结构：看材料，读每一个句子，然后叫学生翻译句子并说出句子结构，最后随便说出一个句子的汉语意思，叫学生翻译句子。再讲不同词性的单词可以在句子里的时态和成分11. Three plus four is (equals) seven.主语 2. Marry has been working at the dress store since 1994.谓语3. The story of my life may be of help to others.表语4. She covered her face with her

2、 hands.宾语5. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.定语6. There is no such a word in English so far as I know.状语7. I should advise you not to miss the chance.宾语补足语8. She was elected director of public relations.主语补足语21. The weather is getting quite warm.正在进行时2. They have been singi

3、ng and dancing for two hours.现在完成进行时3. The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once.一般过去时4. Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time?一般现在时5. The board of directors elected Charles president of the university.一般过去时31. They had no way to communicate with Paul.陈述句2. Can you g

4、uess who will disagree with this statement?一般疑问句3. Why does the moon look much bigger than any other star except the sun?特殊疑问句4. Does your sister work in the wholesale department or in the retail?疑问句5. You havent seen Mary up to now, have you?选择疑问句6. Let us look at the other side of the problem.祈使句7

5、. What a pity it is to lose the game again!感叹句8. How lucky I am to be invited to the party!感叹句 Noun 1. China, Jim, Ye Jianming, the Great Wall, No.1Middle School, Lesson one, The United States of America 专有名词：比如说看下面这一行强调：专有名词的第一个字母要大写。2. body, school, class, water, tea, news, room, box, traffic, bui

6、lding, machine, medicine, maths, teacher, man, 普通名词：分四种：个体名词 1） 集体名词 2） 物质名词 3） 抽象名词 4）1) dog, girl, car, teacher, student, book, window, day 2) class, team, people, family, group 3) water, tea, milk, coffee, clothing, wheat, meat, steel, gold 4) secret, news, work, love, health, friendship 3. 名词的数：

7、1) book books s day days dog dogs tree trees z一般情况，直接加“S”，且在清辅音后读S，在浊辅音后读Z。特殊情况：2) s, sh, ch, x iz glasses watches boxes brushes 在“s、sh、ch、x”后加“es”，读作iz3) o z tomatoes potatoes / photos radios zoos 以o结尾的词，一般以辅音字母加o结尾的加-es，以元音字母加o结尾的加-s，但是有特殊的辅音字母加o结尾的加-s。4) f ,fe vz knives leaves lives thieves 以“f、f

8、e”结尾的单词，应先变“f、fe”为“V”，再加“es”，读作VZ5) y iz stories cities families babies / boys toys keys days 以“y”结尾的单词，如“y”的前一个字母是辅音字母，则应先变“y”为“i”，再加“es”，读作iz；如“y”的前一个字母是元音字母，则直接加“S”，读作Z。6) men women teeth feet 不规则的变化： man-men woman-women tooth-teethfoot-feet policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen7) deer Chin

9、ese sheep Japanese 本身是单数形式的单词，单数、复数同形的特殊单词后不加“s或es”8) physics maths politics news 本身是复数形式的单词，后不加“s或es” physics maths politics news9) people police public 集体名词，其后也不加“s或es”10) stomachs epochs Czechs “ch”在发K的音时，其后加“S”，在发K以外的其他音时，后加“es”。 lookers-on passers-by sons-in-law名词和其它词性组成的复合名词，变单数为复数时，直接把名词变为复数即

10、可，但仍遵循以上原则。good - for - nothings go -betweens forget-me-nots grow-ups其他词性的词和名词组成的复合名词，变单数为复数时，也是直接把名词变为复数即可，也遵循以上原则。men-servants women teachers gentlemen farmers两个名词组成的复合名词，变单数为复数时，两个名词都要变为复数，也遵循以上原则。特殊书写：fs表示某单词中连续重复了几个“f”，可简写为“数字+fs”Eg: office There are 2fs in the office.VIPs 表示会员的缩写。pp810 表示从8页到1

11、0页，“P”是“page”的缩写。Nos. 表示数字。PCs 表示私人电脑 personal computer11) 大多不可数名词无复数形式，但某些不可数名词表示种类时，就有复数形式。如：teas fruits fishes waters大多抽象名词也无复数形式，但少数抽象名词也有复数形式。如：jobs hopes 4. 名词的格 1) 一般情况，直接在有生命的名词后加“s”。如：cows parents Marxs Childrens Palace 2) 无生命的名词，可用“of”连接，使无生命的名词变为有生命的名词。如：the leg of a table the name of the

12、 ship the end of the week the use of atomic bomb特殊：3) 在时间或国家这些名词后加“s”，再加一个名词，也可使无生命的名词变有生命的名词，如：an hours ride three weeks holiday Chinas future todays newspaper在地名这些名词后加“s”，再加一个名词，也可使无生命的名词变有生命的名词，如：Guilins hill the schools history 4) a friend of my brothers (a any some no few several two three ) /

13、one of my brothers friends 不同表达，相同意思，都强调众多中的一个。5) 在讲某某人是做某项工作时，要具体到人的名字，不能只说工作名称。如：Thats a play of Guo Moruos Thats a play of a writers. (x) 6) 强调众多中的一个，要在名词后加“s”，如：He is a friend of my fathers. /This is a picture of my brothers. 强调众多，名词后不加“s”，如： This is a picture of my brother. / He is a friend of

14、my father. 5. 名词的成分。1) The little girl is about six years old. 主语2) His father is a worker.表语3) She borrow a book from the library. 宾语4) Its a colour movie. (paper tiger, fire brigade, time table, feature film, power plant, apple pie, orange juice, weather forecast ) 定语（名词充当了形容词的作用。）5) The car runs

15、40 kilometres an hour. / The book costs 21 dollars. / The match lasted a week.状语，状语，状语6) Mr. Wang, our English teacher is very much knowledgeable. 主语同位语 Pronoun （代词）1. 指示代词：this, that , these, those 1. This is a desk and that is a table. 主语2. At that time we were very busy with our lesson. These are

16、 American cars and those are English cars.定语，主语，主语3. You must do like this: Thats why Remember these during those days 启下，承上，启下，承上，定语4. The weather in Wuhan is much colder than that in Guanzhou in winter.代“the weather”2. the + same / the same asThese two books look the same. 表语Although you did not h

17、elp me, thank you all the same. 状语The two boys were born on the same day. 定语Every day she does the same things: 定语cooking, washing . She has the same book as you (have). 定语They have made the same mistakes as we have.定语3. such + a, such that , such as ,1) We have never met such a difficult problem. 定

18、语Such is our plan for the coming holiday. 主语I have such good teachers that I can be proud of them. 定语2) 1. He has many books such as English book, Chinese books and Japanese books. He is such a person as I spoke of. 比如，这样2. I have three such books. All such problems must be solved at once. ( no , al

19、l, these those ) 奇数词/no/all/these/those+such3. There is such a good person here. There is no such good person here. / Such is the fact. Such are the facts.such后面的系动词的数与后面紧跟的名词的数一致。人称代词：4. I my me mine myself, you your you yours yourself, He his him his himself, she her her hers herself, it its it it

20、self, we our us ours ourselves, you your you yours yourselves, they their them theirs themselves,1) I you he she it we you they（主格） 1. I like basketball. / I have a lovely cat. She is my favourite. The elephant is proud of himself because he has a big body./ A ship is coming to us. She is very big a

21、nd beautiful.(ship, motherland, land, moon )主语2.You, he/ she and I will be sent there by air. We, you and they all enjoy music./ Who broke the door? I and Mike did. / It is she that told me about it.作主语表示礼貌时：单数时的人称顺序：二、三、一；复数时的人称顺序：一、二、三。作主语时表示承担责任时：人称顺序是：一、二、三。It is （）that（）此句型是固定句式，强调括号里的成分。2) me

22、you him her it us you them（宾格）1. Mr. Liu teaches her English.动宾2. Today Ill have to look after her./ There is a chair between you and me./ It is impossible for me to finish the work within a day. 介宾、介宾、介宾3. Whos knocking at the door? Its me. Who broke the glass. Its her. 表语，表语3) it（主格、宾格）1. Look at

23、the poor little child, it has just fallen down. 指代不名性别的人。2. It is necessary to by that dictionary. / I consider it important to ask the teacher.形式主语，形式宾语。3. Hello, it is Jackson. 打电话中用，打电话时不能用“I,my”等。4. It is five oclock. / It is fine today. 指代时间、天气、距离等。5. It is Mary who is a nurse. / It was a book

24、that I received yesterday.强调句，it放句首，无实际意义。It is （）that，强调括号中的内容。4) my your his her its our youre their（形容词性物主代词）Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box, and that is your pencil-box.作定语。5) mine, yours his hers its ours yours theirs （名词性物主代词）1. Our school is big, and theirs is small./

25、Is this English book yours? No, mine is in my bag.主语，主语2. Whose radio is this? Its hers. Is that car yours? Yes , its mine.表语，表语3. You need not clean my room because my room / mine is clean. Please, clean yours.宾语4. He is very good friend of mine. That san of hers This painting of hers is painted.介词

26、宾语6) myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves（反身代词）1. We really enjoyed ourselves at the party last week. / She teaches herself English when she is free. Enjoy oneself （宾语）2. I myself did it. / You heard the news yourself. 同位语，同位语3. He is ill, but hell be himself again

27、soon./ I dont know whats wrong with me. Im not myself today.表示身体好坏（表语，表语）1. get up, sit down, stand up, wake up (x) (x)表示后面不能跟反身代词。2. Help yourself! “自便”Make yourself at home. “别客气” make yourself + 动词-ed：使自己被help yourself + to sth. 请自己做某事Mr. Li, please speak louder so that you can make yourself hear

28、d./ Boys and girls help yourself to some apples.3. by oneself, 独自的、单独的of oneself 自动的Although she has ten children, she lives by herself. / Suddenly the door opened of itself and out came an old woman. 3. among themselves, between ourselves among 表示三者之间between表示两者之间1. Did you do your homework by your

29、self. 2. The ice disappeared of itself. The ice disappeared of itself. 3. They quarreled among themselves. 4. Between ourselves, I think he is dishonest. 5. Im still my old self.7) all each every both either neither one none little few many much other another some any no （不定代词）1. all1. All of us are

30、 interested in English. 主语（人）+复数All is going well.主语（物）+单数2. We want all of you to help us宾语. He told me all about it.宾语（直接）3. Thats all. 表语（物）Is that all you can help me?表语（物）4. All the apples in that box go bad.定语5. We all agree to spend the winter holiday in Guilin. 主语同位语I know you all. 宾语同位语6. H

31、e felt all excited at the news. 状语7. 1）All of us are not students. Only one is. / Not all of us are students. There is a teacher.“all”后加“not”是部分否定。2）All the students / All of the students have passed the examination. “all”后加“of”可省略。3）They all know the answer. They are all women. 同位语。位置：放在实意动词之前或助动词、情态动词之后They have all finished their homework. You can all come to see me again next Monday.表语。位置：放在系动词之后。4）you all, them all, us all a