景观评估 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT 101 可持续管理.docx

1、景观评估 SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT 101 可持续管理Page 1 第1页 BEST PRACTICE NOTE 最佳实践注意 LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT AND 景观评估， SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT 10.1 可持续管理10.1 NZILA NZILA Members Documentation 会员文档 Page 2 第2页 NZILA: 6.0 Practice Support Documentation NZILA：6.0实践支持文档 Document Type: Best Practice Guide - Landscape As

2、sessment and Sustainable Management 文件类型：最佳实践指南-景观评价与可持续管理 lndex Number: 10.1 lndex编号：10.1 1 1 Date of edit current version: 02.11.10 编辑当前版本日期：02.11.10 Status: approved 状态：批准 Author: NZILA Education Foundation 作者：NZILA教育基金会 Background 背景 In August 2008, the New Zealand Institute of Landscape Archite

3、cts (NZILA) Education Foundation hosted a Landscape Planning 2008年8月，新西兰景观设计师协会的（NZILA）教育基金会主办了景观规划 Initiative (LPI) in Christchurch. 倡议（LPI）在基督城。 The purpose of the initiative, which was attended by over fifty practising landscape planners and 该倡议的目的，这是景观规划师执业五十以上出席 landscape architects,was to disc

4、uss a range of Resource ManagementAct (RMA) matters relative to the preparation and presentation 景观建筑师，是，讨论一系列资源ManagementAct的（RMA）的编制及呈报事宜 of expert landscape evidence at Council Hearings and the Environment Court. 专家景观在议会听证和环境法院的证据。 The major outcome from the Landscape Planning Initiative was the

5、directive that a series of best practice notes be prepared, and 从景观规划倡议的主要成果是指令，准备了一系列的最佳实践说明， that these should be aimed at landscape practitioners and decision makers involved in the planning, design and management of our 这些景观从业者和决策者参与的规划，设计和管理我们应着眼于 diverse and distinctive landscapes.The Landscap

6、e Assessment and Sustainable Management Practice Note is the first in a series of 在一系列多样化和独特的景观评价landscapes.The和可持续管理指引是第一 Practice andTechnicalAdvice notes which will be progressively published by the NZILA. 实践andTechnicalAdvice注意到将逐步由NZILA发表的。 The following diagram outlines key relationships betwe

7、en this Practice Note and other types of professional guidance and related 下图列出重点之间的关系本指引和其他类型的专业指导和相关 institutions and sources. 机构和来源。 Page 3 第3页 NZILA: 6.0 Practice Support Documentation NZILA：6.0实践支持文档 Document Type: Best Practice Guide - Landscape Assessment and Sustainable Management 文件类型：最佳实践指

8、南-景观评价与可持续管理 lndex Number: 10.1 lndex编号：10.1 2 2 Date of edit current version: 02.11.10 编辑当前版本日期：02.11.10 Status: approved 状态：批准 Author: NZILA Education Foundation 作者：NZILA教育基金会 Purpose and Focus 目的和重点 This Practice Note is aimed at decision makers, environmental professionals, and landscape practit

9、ioners involved in the planning, 本指引的目的是决策者，环保专业人士，参与规划和景观从业人员， design and management of New Zealands diverse cultural and natural landscapes. 新西兰的多元文化和自然景观的设计和管理。 It sets out principles for an integrated approach 它载有原则的综合方法 to landscape assessment as the basis for the sustainable management of land

10、scape as a natural,physical and cultural resource. 景观评估作为景观作为一种天然，物理和文化资源的可持续管理的基础。 that there are others who have complementary expertise over different realms of landscape, including those holding mana whenua 有其他人有专长互补的景观，在不同的领域，包括那些持有法力whenua and/or mana moana,and those with particular knowledge

11、of natural science or cultural values. 和/或法力娃那，和那些与自然的科学或文化价值的特定知识。 Scope and structure 范围和结构 This Practice Note sets out a landscape assessment protocol for both natural and cultural settings.Whilst the primary focus is upon 本指引载为自然和文化settings.Whilst的首要重点是后一个景观评估协议 sustainable management under the

12、RMA, the guidelines also have relevance to related statutes, such as the Conservation, Reserves 根据RMA的可持续管理，指引也有相关相关法规，如保护，储备 and Local Government Acts. 和当地政府的行为。 The emphasis is upon a generic process rather than upon specific techniques. 强调的是后一个通用的过程，而不是在具体的技术。 The Practice Note also 实践也注意 include

13、s a suggested set of definitions. 包括一个建议的定义集。 The Practice Note is in two parts: 该指引是分为两部分： 1. 1。 An outline of the landscape assessment process and definitions,and 轮廓的景观评估过程和定义， 2. 2。 Guidance on practice applications. 实践应用指南。 It is intended to be complemented by a series ofTechnical Notes on speci

14、fic techniques and aspects of landscape assessment.These 它的目的是补充一个系列ofTechnical票据特定的技术和各个方面景观assessment.These的 will be prepared and published progressively.The Practice Notes are published aslive documents that will be regularly reviewed and 将编制并公布progressively.The实践票据发表aslive的文件，将定期检讨及 revised over

15、 time in the light of evolving understandings and protocol. 随着时间的推移在不断变化的理解和协议的光修订。 INTRODUCTION 简介 Page 4 第4页的 NZILA: 6.0 Practice Support Documentation NZILA：6.0实践支持文档 Document Type: Best Practice Guide - Landscape Assessment and Sustainable Management 文件类型：最佳实践指南-景观评价与可持续管理 lndex Number: 10.1 lnd

16、ex编号：10.1 3 3 Date of edit current version: 02.11.10 编辑当前版本日期：02.11.10 Status: approved 状态：批准 Author: NZILA Education Foundation 作者：NZILA教育基金会 THE LANDSCAPE ASSESMENT PROCESS 景观综合评价过程 This assessment process is presented as a guide rather than a prescription. 此评估过程为导向，而不是一个处方。 The detailed programme

17、 of work for any particular 任何特定的详细的工作方案 assessmentwillbespecifictotheissuebeingconsideredandthedecisionmakingcontext. assessmentwillbespecifictotheissuebeingconsideredandthedecisionmakingcontext。 Themostsignificantdistinctionineveryday Themostsignificantdistinctionineveryday practice is between lan

18、dscape assessment undertaken as part of policy and plan making,and assessment associated with a specific 山水之间的政策和计划制定的一部分进行评估，评估与特定的做法是 project. 项目。 However,suchdifferencesareinemphasisratherthanfundamentalprocess. 然而，suchdifferencesareinemphasisratherthanfundamentalprocess。 Differenttypesofassessme

19、ntaretreatedbelow Differenttypesofassessmentaretreatedbelow as variations within a common framework. 作为一个共同的框架内的变化。 The detail of an assessment process always reflects to some degree the expertise and style of the assessor. 评估过程中的细节总是在一定程度上反映评估人员的专业知识和风格。 Landscape assessment 景观评估 is an expert skill

20、,not an exact science. 是专家的技能，而不是一门精确的科学。 Nonetheless,there are a number of common stages of assessment that are widely recognised, 然而，也有一些被广泛认可的共同评估阶段， which in combination should ensure the integrity of an assessment. 结合应确保评估的完整性。 Not all stages will be required in every situation. 并非所有的阶段，将被要求在每一

21、种情况下。 Scope: Identification of:- 适用范围： 鉴定： - The purpose and focus of the assessment 评估的目的和重点 The landscape issues being considered 景观正在考虑的问题 Those holding mana whenua and mana moana 那些持有法力whenua和法力娃那 Key stakeholders 主要利益相关者 The policy context 政策背景 The terms of reference of the study 该条款的研究参考 Descr

22、iption: A systematic account of landscape attributes in the assessment area. 说明： 评估区的景观属性的系统说明。 These will include:- 这些措施包括： - Biophysical elements,patterns,and processes 生物物理元素，模式和流程 Sensory qualities 感官品质 Spiritual,cultural and social associations,including both activities and meanings. 精神，文化和社会团体

23、，包括活动和意义。 Where relevant,a description of a proposed project will be undertaken. 相关，说明将采取一事一议的项目。 The description phase may involve collaboration with tangata 说明阶段可能涉及与tangata合作， whenua,stakeholders,communities,and other experts,utilising a range of sources of information. whenua，利益相关者，社区，和其他专家，利用广泛

24、的信息来源。 Characterisation: Expert interpretation of landscape character based on classification of different types of landscape,through:- 特征描述： 专家解读不同类型的景观分类的基础上，通过景观特色 ： - Identification of patterns of natural and cultural features,processes and influences. 鉴定模式的自然和文化特点，过程和影响。 Analysis of their chara

25、cteristics and spatial location,and the extent to which they are distinctive,representative or typical at the 分析其特性和空间位置，以及在何种程度上它们都各具特色，具有代表性或典型的 different scales. 不同的尺度。 Evaluation: An explicit account and weighing up of the landscape values of the existing landscape including those expressed with

26、in 评价： 现有景观的景观价值，包括内表达一个明确的账户，体重可达 the statutory context of the assessment. 法定评 估中。 This stage will include engagement as appropriate with tangata whenua, communities, 此阶段将参与适当的与tangata whenua，社区， stakeholders and interest groups. 利益相关者和利益团体。 Page 5 第5页 NZILA: 6.0 Practice Support Documentation NZIL

27、A：6.0实践支持文档 Document Type: Best Practice Guide - Landscape Assessment and Sustainable Management 文件类型：最佳实践指南-景观评价与可持续管理 lndex Number: 10.1 lndex编号：10.1 4 4 Date of edit current version: 02.11.10 编辑当前版本日期：02.11.10 Status: approved 状态：批准 Author: NZILA Education Foundation 作者：NZILA教育基金会 Condition and e

28、ffects: An analysis of the way the landscape(s) are likely to respond to change,including: 条件和效果： 景观（S）的方式，分析可能应对变化，其中包括： Landscape resilience, and capacity 景观 弹性和容量 Landscape sensitivity and vulnerability 景观 敏感性和脆弱性 Opportunities,risks and threats 机遇，风险和威胁 Change management: Identification of ways

29、and opportunities to ensure and enable sustainable landscape management in 变更管理： 识别的方式和机会，以确保和实现可持续发展的景观管理 response to the existing trends and any proposed or anticipated change. 应对现有的趋势和任何建议或预期的变化。 This may include: 这可以包括： Statutory and non statutory plan objectives,policies and methods 法定及非法定规划目标，

30、政策和方法 Consideration of alternatives,and their costs and benefits 考虑替代方案，其成本和收益 Identification of ways to enhance or create values 如何提升或创造价值的鉴定 Actions to avoid,remedy or mitigate adverse landscape effects 操作避免，弥补或减轻不良的景观效果 Presentation: Reporting of the relevant findings from the assessment in a sui

31、table format, for example as a report to a council, 介绍： 作为一个议会的一份报告，评估在一个合适的格式，例如有关结果的报告， developer, iwi or community, or as evidence to a Council Hearing or the Environmental Court. 伊维开发商或社区，或议会听证会或环境法庭作为证据。 This may include a process of critique, 这可能包括批判的过程， such as peer review of the draft report

32、 or evidence,and appropriate acknowledgements. 如同行评审草案的报告或证据，以及适当的确认。 Page 6 第6页 NZILA: 6.0 Practice Support Documentation NZILA：6.0实践支持文档 Document Type: Best Practice Guide - Landscape Assessment and Sustainable Management 文件类型：最佳实践指南-景观评价与可持续管理 lndex Number: 10.1 lndex编号：10.1 5 5 Date of edit current version: 02.11.10 编辑当前版本日期：02.11.10