1、学年中考英语语法备考14 特殊句式讲解2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍特殊句式【知识清单】 特殊句式-感叹句知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。what和how与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、 由what引导的感叹句:what意为多么用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。如: What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀! = What a clever girl! Wha
2、t an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀! = What an interesting story! What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀! = What good children! What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀! = What beautiful flowers ! What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀! = What delicious food! What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀! = What h
3、eavy snow! 二、由how引导的感叹句:how意为多么,用作状语,修饰形容词、副词或动词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词, 如: How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀! How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀! How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀! How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀! How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀! 三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用what引导,也
4、可用how引导。 如: What a hot day it is! = What a hot day! = How hot the day is ! What tall buildings they are! = What tall buildings! =How tall the buildings are! What bad weather it is! =What bad weather! = How bad the weather is! What bright sunshine it is! =What bright sunshine! = How bright the sunshi
5、ne is! 【知 识 清 单】特殊句式-特殊疑问句一、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句1.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。what 疑问词小结:what what class 哪个班what grade 哪个年级what day 星期几what time 几点what color 什么颜色what language什么语言how 疑问词小结:how 怎样how long多长时间(提问时间段)how often多久一次(对频率提问)how soon多久以后(对in短语提问)how many多少(提问可数名词数量)ho
6、w much多少(提问不可数名词数量,也可提问价格)how far多远(提问距离)how heavy多重how wide多宽how tall/high多高how old多大(提问年龄)(3) 其他以“w”开头的疑问词小结:when什么时候;where哪里;which哪一个;who谁whose谁的;why为什么选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或种以上的情况用or连接,回答时不能使用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。(1)一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句+or+被选择音分
7、?如:-Do you like apples or pears?你喜欢苹果还是梨?-I like pears.我喜欢梨。(2)特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句,A or B?如:-Which would you like better,tea or coffee?-I like coffee better.你比较喜欢哪种,茶还是咖啡?我更喜欢咖啡。特殊句式-反意疑问句反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问部分要与前面的陈述部分用逗号隔开,句末用问号。如果陈述部分是肯定结构,反意疑问部分就用否定结构,反之亦然。此问句可用yes或no来回答。反意疑问部分的主语要用代
8、词,并与陈述部分主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态上也要与陈述部分一致。 注意一、反义疑问句是疑问句的一种,它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问,形式上是一个省略问句,附加在陈述句后,即:陈述句+逗号+省略问句+问号YouarefromAmerica,arentyou?注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则 JimisntinClassFour,ishe?注意三、附加疑问句必须前后两句主语相同MrZhanghasbeenhereforfouryears,hasnthe?注意四、附加疑问句部分与主语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记)1this或that改it,无论是否指人Thisisyourbro
9、ther,isntit?2.these或those改theyThosearebooks,arentthey?3.不定代词one改one或heOnecantbealwaysyoung,can /he?4.something、anything、everything和nothing改itNothingisserious,isit?(注意为什么后面用isit而不是isntit?)Everythingseemsallright,doesntit?5.everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody、anyone、nobody改they或he(任选,但选定后注意单复数
10、形式)Everyoneknowsthis,dontthey/doesnthe?Nobodylikestolosemoney,doeshe? 6.eachof改he或theyEachoftheboyshadanapple,didnthe/they?7.noone,none,neither,either改they或heNoonecame,didthey?8.someof、noneof改it、they或you(联系上下文或句子)Noneofthefoodwasdelicious,wasit?Someofthedustmenhavecomeback,haventthey?9.由neithernor、n
11、otonlybutalso、bothand、eitheror、notbut、or、and等连接的并列主语,改复数代词NeitheryounorIamwrong,arewe?BothTomandJackcame,didntthey?10.由动词不定式、动名词、从句或词组构成的主语,改itTolearnEnglishwellisnteasy,isit?Swimmingisgreatfun,isntit?11.the+形容词表示一类人,改复数代词Thepoorhadnoright(权力)tospeakatthetime,didthey?12.there引起的句子(Therebe句型等),仍用ther
12、eTherestandsahouseandalotoftrees,doesntthere?Therearemanychildreninthepark,arentthere?注意五、附加疑问句部分与谓语不一致的若干情况如下(需牢记)(初中阶段14点18点和19点可以常识性了解)1.have(有)改have或doMaryhastwobrothers,doesntshe/hasntshe?2.have(有)必须与陈述部分一致Hehasntalotoftime,hashe?MissGreendoesnthaveanymoneyinherpocket,doesshe?3.have不做“有”解释,必须用d
13、oTheyallhaveagoodtime,dontthey?4.haveto用do或haveWehavetogetupearly,dontwe/haventwe?5.havegotto用haveWehavegottoanswerallthequestions,haventwe?6.hadbetter用should或hadWehadbettergorightnow,shouldntwe/hadntwe?7.cant(不可能,表示推测)根据cant或的动词选择相应的形式Hecantbeadoctor,ishe?Theworkerscanthavefinishedtheirwork,havethe
14、y?8.may用may+主语+not(英语中不用maynt)Theymaybeherenextweek,maytheynot?9.must(必须)用needntYoumustdoittoday,needntyou?10.must(应该)用mustnt Imuststudyhard,mustntI?11.mustnt用must或mayYoumustnttalklikethat,mustyou?Wemustntstayhereanylonger,mustwe?12.“mustbe”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理2反义疑问句Hemustbehappy,isnthe?H
15、emustbeworkinghardattheoffice,isnthe?must表示推测时,也有用mustnt的Hemusthavebeenworkingveryhard,mustnthe?YoumusthavetoldMrWangthesecret,mustntyou?13.“must+完成时”表示对过去情况的推测,作一般过去时附加疑问句处理Hemusthavecomeyesterday,didnthe?Youmusthaveseentheplaylastweek,didntyou?14.“must+完成时”用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理Youmusthaves
16、tudiedEnglishforyears,haventyou?Hemusthavelivedhereforatleasttenyears,hasnthe?14.实义动词need和dear用doHeneedshelp,doesnthe?Ihaveneverdaredtoaskhim,haveI?15.情态动词need和dear用need和dearHedarenotsayso,darehe?Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?16.neednt用need或mustYouneedntgoyet,needyou?Heneedntdothat,musthe?17.“wouldrathe
17、r+动词原形”和“wouldliketo+动词原形”用wouldntHewouldratherreadthetexttentimesthanreciteit,wouldnthe?Youdliketohavesomebananas,wouldntyou?18.“oughtto+动词原形”用oughtnt或shouldntThechildoughttobepunished,oughtnthe?Weoughttogothere,shouldntwe?19.“usedto+动词原形”用“didnt+主语”或“usednt+主语”或“used+主语+not”HeusedtoliveinLondon,us
18、ednthe/didnthe?Heusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasachild,usedhenot?注意六、句子中有seldom,hardly,no,not,never,few,little,nothing,nobody,nowhere等是否定句,附加疑问部分必须采用肯定形式NobodyphonedwhileIwasout,didthey?Heishardlyabletoswim,ishe?Thereislittleinkinyourpen,isthere?noone,nobody,none,nothing,neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分一般采用肯定形式(也
19、偶尔用否定形式)Hehasnothingtosay,does(nt)he?Yougotnothingfromhim,did(nt)you?注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑问句1.Iam改arentIIamyourfriend,arentI?2.Iwishtodosth或IwishI改mayIIwishtogohome,mayI?IwishIwereyou,mayI?3.主从复合句,与主句的主谓语保持一致HesaysthatIdidit,doesnthe?Davidwouldntgothereifitrained,wouldhe?4.并列句,与邻近的分句保持一致Maryisanicegirl,but
20、shehadoneshort-coming,hadntshe?5.表示邀请,请求的祈使句,附加疑问部分用willyou或wontyou或wouldyou等,一般只要记住willyou就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则Comehere,willyou?Turnoffthelight,willyou?Dositdown,willyou?6.表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句,用willyou、canyou、wouldyou或cantyou、wontyouStoptalking,canyou?Writedownthenewwords,willyou/wontyou?7.否定的祈使句用willy
21、ou或canyouDontmakeanoise,will/canyou?8.Letme用willyou或mayILetmehelpyou,mayI?Letmedoit,willyou?9.Lets表示建议包括听话人在内,用shallwe Letsgoforawalk,shallwe?10.letus表示允许,不包括听话人在内,用willyou Letusdoitbyourselves,willyou?11.Let接第三人称宾语时用willyouLethimcomein,willyou?12.Letsnot用OK或allrightLetsnotgototheparty,OK/allright?1
22、3.感叹句用一般现在时be的形式(故事中用一般过去时be的形式)Whatfineweather,isntit? Howclevertheboyis,isnthe? 特殊句式-祈使句祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1.行为动词原形其它成分。例如:Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。2. Be动词其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3. Let宾语动词原形其它成分。例如:Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式
23、,通常情况下在句首加上Dont或Never,一般分为以下三种类型:1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Dont,构成Dont行为动词原形其它成分。例如:Dont say that again!别再那样说了!2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Dont,构成Dont be其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如:Dont be careless.不要粗心。注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。3.在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用No名词/V-ing形式结构,表示禁止做某事。例如:NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照!祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时
24、,一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是形式一致,即Yes与will保持一致;No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反,即Yes是不的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是形式一致,即Yes与will保持一致;No与wont保持一致。二是意思相反,即Yes是不的意思;No是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
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