考研英语一真题完整版后附详细答案解析.docx

1、考研英语一真题完整版后附详细答案解析2015年考研英语(一)真题完整版+答案Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes.

2、That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects which _(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same peop

3、le were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the gen

4、es for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_

5、us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with s

6、ocial environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers

7、, were taken from the same population.1. A when B why C how D what2. A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised3. A for B with C on D by4. A compared B sought C separated D connected5. A tests B s Csamples D examples6. A insignificant B unexpected Cunbelievable D incredible7. A visit B miss C seek

8、 D know8. A resemble B influence C favor D surpass9. A again B also C instead D thus10. A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps11. A about B to Cfrom Dlike12. A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit13. A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with14. A chances Bresponses Cmissions Dben

9、efits15. A later Bslower C faster D earlier16. Aforecast Bremember Cunderstand Dexpress17. A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllable D disruptive18. A endeavor Bdecision Carrangement D tendency19. A political B religious C ethnic D economic20. A see B show C prove D tellSection II Reading Compreh

10、ensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularit

11、y of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?

12、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explain

13、s monarchscontinuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because t

14、hey allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave today embodies outdated and indefensible privi

15、leges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies str

16、ive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While

17、Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with

18、 Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history sh

19、ows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of SpainA used turn enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among European royalsC cased his relationship with his rivalsDended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs a

20、re kept as heads of state in Europe mostlyA owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC to give voter more public figures to look up toDdue to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Pa

21、ragraph 4?A Aristocratsexcessive reliance on inherited wealthB The role of the nobility in modern democraciesC The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic familiesDThe nobilitys adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear”because CharlesA takes a rough line on political issue

22、sB fails to change his lifestyle as advisedC takes republicans as his potential alliesD fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC Carlos, a Lesson for All Europea

23、n MonarchsDCharles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California

24、 has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing tec

25、hnologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that e

26、xploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones sm

27、artphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices

28、 should not swallow Californias argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use a

29、s a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to

30、A search for suspectsmobile phones without a warrant.B check suspectsphone contents without being authorized.C prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one ofA tolerance.B indifferen

31、ce.C disapproval.D cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comparable toA getting into ones residence.B handing ones historical records.C scanning ones correspondences.D going through ones wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatA principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room for acti