交通运输工程英文.docx

1、交通运输工程英文交通运输工程英文【篇一：交通运输工程培养计划(英文版)】 educational plan for professional master degree program in transportation engineering major (code: 085222conferengineering master degree) ieducational targets a) be equipped with strong engineering background; to grasp the basic research methods and skills; to ha

2、ve a certain capability to solve practical problems. b) to be proficient in a foreign language. c) to have practical, realistic, and scientific learning attitude and work style. d) to have capability to do the related work in the field. iiresearch orientations a) b) c) d) e) f) road engineering traf

3、fic control theory and application transportation planning theory and application design, organization and monitoring of the regional transport system design and operation management of the public transport system transport economics and policies iiieducational mode and duration the number of school

4、 years for a master student to get degree is 2.training method istotally off-job, combined by course study, specialized internship and thesis. ivcredit requirement and allocation a master student must take 32 credits of coursesat least, including 18 credits of degree courses at vcurriculum and credi

5、t allocation【篇二：交通运输专业英语英语翻译】 choice of mode the choice of mode for long distance travel is heavily dependent on the sensitivity of the traveler with respect to time and cost.by and large,business travel is time sensitive,vacation travel is price sensitive,and travel for personal reasons may be eith

6、er time sensitive or cost sensitive,or both. 长距离旅行方式的选择在很大程度上取决于旅行者对时间和价格反应的灵敏程度。一般来说，商业性旅行对时间反应更灵敏，节假日旅行对价格反应更灵敏，由于私事（个人原因）旅行则对时间或价格的反应都灵敏。 the basic attributes of each mode are schedule, speed, cost, service offered, and perceptions regarding the service offered. 每种方式的特性取决于所提供服务的时间速度、价格、服务质量和给人们的感

7、受。 schedule and speed prescribe the ability of the mode to serve passengers at the times they want and the speed they require; for example, a same-day round trip from chicago to new york can be accomplished by air only. 时间性和速度性要求旅客所采用的运输方式能提供给乘客想要的速度和时间。 比如, 从芝加哥到纽约只有乘飞机可以在同一天内完成往返旅行 cost is a major

8、 consideration for most passengers. rail and bus are least expensive,with private or rented car following, and air travel coming last as the most expensive means of travel. advance purchase the supersaver fares may reduce the air transporation cost substantiaiiy. 价格是大多数旅客考虑的一个重要因素, 乘坐火车和公兵汽车是最便宜的, 自

9、己开车和租用车辆位于其次, 乘坐飞机是旅行方式中最贵的方式. 以前购买特惠机票可以大量减少乘飞机出行的费用。 for example, in january 1992, the supersaver honolulu to washington, d.c.round-trip fare was around $800, the full economy class fare was around $1800,and the first class was around $3600. 例如, 1992年1月份, 从火奴鲁鲁到华盛顿往返旅行的的特惠机票大约只有800美元, 全价是是1800美元,

10、头等仓大约3600美元. the destination point may restrict the mode choice set, or it may require the use of more than one long-distance transportation mode. in the honolulu to washington, d.c. example, the on|y practical way to travel is by air. 出行目的地可能会限制出行方式的选择，它可能需要利用 一种以上的长距离运输方式.从火奴鲁鲁到华盛顿的这个例子中, 最实用的出行方式

11、就是乘飞机。 service is also an important factor. travel by private or rented car offers the convenience of having a car available at all time. this may be of great importance to some travelers (e.g. , personal salespeople). bus or rail offers few amenities on board, while airlines offer a wide variety of

12、 services on board(drinks,meals, music, and screen entertainment). 服务也是一个重要因素。自己开车或租车出行在任何时间内都可享受到有车的便利。这对于一些旅行者来说或许是非常重要的(比如，售货员)。公共汽车或火车几乎提供不了那种怡人的感觉。而乘坐定期航班就可以享受到多种服务（喝免费饮料、免费午餐、听音乐、看娱乐表演）。 perceptions of passengers regarding the overall service offered by a mode compared with other modes (e.g.,

13、auto versus bus or rail), or among providers of the same mode (e.g. ,american versus united airlines, avis versus hertz car rental) affect the choice of modes and providers. 乘客对运输方式的感受取决于这种运输方式挺提供的所有服务与另一方式所提供的服务的相互比较（比如，把乘坐小汽车与乘坐大汽车相比较，乘坐小汽车与乘火车相比较），或将同一运输方式各自提供的服务进行比较（比如，将美国航线与联合航线相比较，将欧洲汽车租凭巨头avi

14、s与全球最大的汽车租凭公司赫兹相比较），这些都会影响运输方式的选择。 in terms of fast service, the competitiveness of modes can be judged by their ability to provide minimum overall travel time from origin to destination on a door-to-door basis (i.e., from the office in town a to the meeting place in town b or from !he house in town

15、 x to the hotel room in town y). 在快速服务方面，运输方式的竞争在门到门服务的基础取决于所提供起讫点之间的最小出行时间的能力，（比如，从a市办公室到b市会场，或从住宅地x市道旅馆所在地y市所花费的最小时间）。 all modes except private auto and rented or company car provide terminal-to-terminal service. there are several time-consuming components before and after the main haul as well as

16、 in the terminals. 除过私人小轿车与租用车辆及公司汽东之外,历有的运输方式都提供起点到终点的全线运输服务。在除过车站多耗费的时间之外. 主要运输前后也还有若干耗费时间的部分。 for rail transportation, these time components are times to get to the origin terminal, to wait for train and to board, to travel from terminal to terminal (main haul),to |eave the train and walk to exit

17、 from the platform, and to get to the destination. 对铁路运输而言, 时问组成有: 到达起点站的时间 、等车时间、 上车时间、 旅途中从起点到终点乘车时间(就是主要运程所花的时间)、 下车和从站台走到车站出口的时间、 到达目的地的时间。 similarly, the respective time components by air are times to get to the terminal, to check in, to walk to gate, and to wait, to board and to wait until tak

18、eoff, main haul,to land, to alight and walk to luggage claim, to wait for luggage, to walk to exit terminal, to get to destination. 同样, 乘飞机的各个时间组成部分有: 到达机场的时间、 检票时间 、 到达登机入口的时间、等待时间、 登机时间、 等待直到飞机起飞的时间、飞行时间 、着陆时间、下飞机和到达行李提取处的时间、 等侯行李时同、 走出机场出站站口时间、 到达目的地时间。 it is normal to expect that a two-hour trip

19、( terminal-to-terminal) by air should take at least 4 hours from origin to destination. considering the door-to-door time frame, it is likely that several modes may offer competitive service. by and large, auto would be the fastest mode for trip up to 100 miles (about 160 km)long, high-speed rail ru

20、nning at 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) is most competitive for distance between 100 to 500 miles(160 to 800 km), 通常情况下乘飞机从站到站要2小时的旅程，从出发地到达目的地至少要花费4小时的时间。鉴于门到门服务的时间性，各种运输方式都会提供相互竞争的服务。一般来说，旅程100英里（大约160公里）的距离小汽车是最快的。距离100到500英里（也就是160公里到800公里）的路程，快速火车是最有竞争性的，这种火车时速可达到每小时200英里（320公里/小时）。 and air tran

21、sportation is fastest for trips exceeding 500 miles (over 800 km) .regular rail and bus are not competitive for any trip distance with respect to minimum travel time. but they possess competition advantage in terms of travel monetary expenses. 距离超过500英里（超过800英里）的旅程飞机是最快的。对于任何距离和公共汽车都没有竞争优势，但在旅行所花的费用

22、方面，他们具有竞争优势。 fast growth of world markets and international business travel make it necessary to reduce travel time substantially.traveling between international trade centers such as new york, frankfurt, hong kong,london, moscow, paris, singapore, sydney,and tokyo takes long time even by air. 世界市场和

23、国际间商务旅行的快速发展, 使得大量减少旅行时间非常必要。在世界贸易中心间的旅程即使乘坐飞机也要花很长时间。比如：纽约、法兰克福（德国）、香港、伦敦、莫斯科、巴黎、新加坡、悉尼、东京。 the travel times for all transcontinental trips between the cities exceed 10 hours,as the result, at least two business days are lost in travel, while often passengers arrive in poor shape, all of which are

24、detrimental to business. 所有的城市间的跨陆旅行时间都要超过10小时，因此，在旅程中至少要花费2个营业日的时间，并且乘客到达时往往疲惫不堪，所有这些都对商业的发展是不利的。 future advances in transportation are expected to come in the form of high-speed trains capable of reaching or exceeding 300 miles per hour (almost 500km/h) , and second-generation supersonic and/or su

25、b-orbital aircraft capable of traveling from new york to tokyo in less than 4 hours. 将来运输的发展期待出现时速达到或超过每小时300英里(约500公里/小时)的火车，和从纽约到东京不到4小时就可到达的第二代超音速与亚轨道的飞行。 the major objective of advanced transportation technologies is the substantial reduction of travel time through high cruising speed. additiona

26、l objectives are the reduction of fuel consumption,pollution, and noise. most of the research and applications are concentrated in passenger rail (e.g. , the magnetic levitation rails) and air transportation (e.g. , the ?y-by-wire technology). (开发)先进的交通运输技术的主要目的是通过提高运输速度极大地减少出行时间，其次就是减少燃料消耗、污染和噪声。大多

27、数研究和应用集中在铁路客运方面（比如磁悬浮列车）和空运方面（比如电子信号控制的飞行技术）。 the evolution of transportation has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the history .transportations early function was to meet the basis need of hauling food supplies .but with the formation of tribes ,then peoples ,and finall

28、y nations ,the societal and economic functions of transportation became more and more complex. 运输的发展演变与人类整个历史的发展密切相关，运输的早期功能是为了满足食物的储备这一基本需要。但随着部落的出现、种族的产生、最后到民族的形成，运输的社会和经济功能变得越来越复杂。 at first there was mobility required for individuals,households,and animals to protect them against,and to escape fr

29、om,the dangers of nature disasters and tribal aggressions,and in search for the best place to settle.as tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity,transportation was increasingly needed to open up regions for development,to provide access to natural resources,to promo

30、te inter-communal trade,and to mobilize territorial defense. 最初，个人、家庭、动物为了抵御并避开自然灾害和部落侵袭，以寻求最好的地方来居住，因此都需要随时迁移。当部落群体形成并逐步建立他们的家园时，人们就更多地需要依靠运输来进行当地的开发。以寻求发展，依靠运输来获取自然资源、促进群落间贸易、实现领土防御。 after basic societal needs had generally been attended to,local communities could increasingly devote their efforts

31、 to enhancing their economic,cultural,and technological development through trade links with other people and regions.again,transportation provided the mobility required for such intertribal,international,and intercontinental cultural exchange and trade. 当基本的社会需求和受到普遍关注之后，当地政府就会投入更多的精力，通过与其他民族或区域间的贸

32、易来提高当地的经济】文化和科技水平。另一方面，运输也会促进部落之间、民族之间、各州之间的贸易与文化交流。 during this gradual development toward an organized human society,transportation as a physical process of moving people and goods promoting such development,continuously underwent technological and organizational changes.todays transportation in its various modes and organizational arrangements remains highly subject to changers in response to societal requirements and preferences. the evolution of increasingly sophisticated means of transportation is manifested by todays transportation systems, whic