机械工业出版社第三版 计算机专业英语课后习题答案.docx

1、机械工业出版社第三版 计算机专业英语课后习题答案Unit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.Charles Babbage;Augusta Ada Byron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.Translate the following ter

2、ms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.artificial intelligence人工智能2.paper-tape reader纸带阅读器3.optical computer光计算机4.neural network神经网络5.instruction set指令集6.parallel processing并行处理7.difference engine差分机8.versatile logical element通用逻辑元件9.silicon substrate硅衬底10.vacuum tube真空管11.数据的存储与处理

3、the storage and handling of data12.超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13.中央处理器central processing unit14.个人计算机personal computer15.模拟计算机analogue computer16.数字计算机digital computer17.通用计算机general-purpose computer18.处理器芯片processor chip19.操作指令operating instructions20.输入设备input deviceIII.Fill in eac

4、h of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input,processes data,stores data,and produces output.According to the mode of processing,computers are either analog or digital.They can also be classified

5、as mainframes,minicomputers,workstations,or microcomputers.All else(for example,the age of the machine)being equal,this categorization provides some indication of the computers speed,size,cost,and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers,there have been constant changes.First-generationcomputers

6、 of historic significance,such as UNIVAC(通用自动计算机),introduced in theearly 1950s,were based on vacuum tubes.Second-generation computers,appearing in theearly 1960s,were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes.In third-generationcomputers,dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced tran

7、sistors.In fourth-generationcomputers such as microcomputers,which first appeared in the mid-1970s,large-scaleintegration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip.Fifth-generationcomputers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approachesto comput

8、ing,including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可

9、能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。Unit One/Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.experimentation2.interfacing3.interdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chines

10、e and vice versa:1.artificial neural network人工神经网络puter architecture计算机体系结构3.robust computer program健壮的计算机程序4.human-computer interface人机接口5.knowledge representation知识表示6.数值分析numerical analysis7.程序设计环境programming environment8.数据结构data structure9.存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10.虚拟现实virtual rea

11、lityUnit One/Section CI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.format2.synchronization3.virtual4.multimedia;third-partyII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.data field数据字段，数据域2.learning curve学习曲线3.third-party solution第三方解决方案4.Wind

12、ows Media Player Windows媒体播放器5.开始按钮Start button6.指定输入区designated input area7.手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system8.字符集character setUnit Two:Computer ArchitectureUnit Two/Section AIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.input;output;storage2.Basic Input/Output System3.flatbed sc

13、anners;hand-held scanners4.LCD-based5.dot-matrix printers;inkjet printers6.disk drives;memory7.volatile8.serial;parallelII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.function key功能键，操作键2.voice recognition module语音识别模块3.touch-sensitive region触敏区4.address bus地址

14、总线5.flatbed scanner平板扫描仪6.dot-matrix printer点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallel connection并行连接8.cathode ray tube阴极射线管9.video game电子游戏10.audio signal音频信号11.操作系统operating system12.液晶显示（器）LCD(liquid crystal display)13.喷墨打印机inkjet printer14.数据总线data bus15.串行连接serial connection16.易失性存储器volatile memory17.激光打印机laser pr

15、inter18.磁盘驱动器disk drive19.基本输入/输出系统BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)20.视频显示器video displayIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,makingchanges if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory.Unlike floppy and hard disks,which use magnetic charges t

16、o represent 1s and 0s,optical discs use reflected light.On aCD-ROM disc,1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy(高低不平的)areas(called“pits”)on its bottom surface.The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam oflight on these areas.The amount of reflected light determines whethe

17、r the area represents a 1or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores,a CD-ROM is a“read-only”disc.Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user.Thus,you as a user haveaccess only to the data imprinted(压印)by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes(兆字节)of data.

18、That is equivalent to451 floppy disks.With that much information on a single disc,the time to retrieve or accessthe information is very important.An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is theiraccess rate.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使

19、用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。Unit Two/Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in th

20、e text:1.graphical2.file;scheduler3.virtual4.sliceII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.interrupt handler中断处理程序2.virtual memory虚拟存储（器），虚存，虚拟内存3.context switch上下文转换，语境转换4.main memory主存（储器）5.bit pattern位模式6.外围设备peripheral device7.进程表process table8.时间片ti

21、me slice9.图形用户界面graphical user interface10.海量存储器mass storageUnit Two/Section CI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.repository2.central;sub-systemswork4.layered或abstract machineII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.code generat

22、or代码生成程序，代码发生器2.abstract machine抽象机3.program editor程序编辑程序，程序编辑器4.configuration item配置项5.计算机辅助设计CAD(computer-aided design)6.数据冗余data redundancy7.指挥与控制系统command and control system8.视频压缩与解压缩video compression and decompressionUnit Three:Computer Language and ProgrammingUnit Three/Section AI.Fill in the

23、blanks with the information given in the text:1.artificial;instructions2.low-level;high-level3.machine4.machine5.functional;logic6.statement7.module8.digitalII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.storage register存储寄存器2.function statement函数语句3.program s

24、tatement程序语句4.object-oriented language面向对象语言5.assembly language汇编语言6.intermediate language中间语言，中级语言7.relational language关系（型）语言8.artificial language人工语言9.data declaration数据声明10.SQL结构化查询语言11.可执行程序executable program12.程序模块program module13.条件语句conditional statement14.赋值语句assignment statement15.逻辑语言logi

25、c language16.机器语言machine language17.函数式语言functional language18.程序设计语言programming language19.运行计算机程序run a computer program20.计算机程序员computer programmerIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,makingchanges if necessary:A programming language is a language used t

26、o write instructions for the computer.It letsthe programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard tomachine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to thedevelopment of assembly language,which allows programmers to use

27、mnemonics(助记符)for instructions and symbols for variables.Such programs are then translated by a programknown as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer.Other pieces of systemsoftware known as linking loaders(连接装入程序)combine pieces of assembled code andload them into the machines ma

28、in memory unit,where they are then ready for execution.Theconcept of linking separate pieces of code was important,since it allowed“libraries”ofprograms to be built up to carry out common tasksa first step toward the increasinglyemphasized notion of software reuse.Assembly language was found to be s

29、ufficientlyinconvenient that higher-level languages(closer to natural languages)were invented in the1950s for easier,faster programming;along with them came the need for compilers,programsthat translate high-level language programs into machine code.As programming languagesbecame more powerful and a

30、bstract,building efficient compilers that create high-quality codein terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer scienceproblem in itself.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:面向对象程序设计语言，如C+和Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之

31、类的对象具有像圆的半径一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得程序设计员的工作变得比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。Unit Three/Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.objects2.platform-independent3.multithreading4.runtimeII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.native code本机（代）码2.header file头标文件；页眉文件3.multithreaded program多线程程序4.Java-enabled browser支持Java的浏览