英语试题篇翻译.docx

1、英语试题篇翻译英语试题公共英语部分注：括号里面的文字的意思：1.根据整篇短文的理解加进去，只是为了正片读起来相对比较通顺而已，省去括号里面的内容也可。2.考虑的翻译的可读性，改变了原本的表述方法，括号里是字面上的意思3.每句与每句之间的衔接的逻辑连接词。4.对前句翻译的说明。另，有些翻译仍然不够通顺，请见谅！_Put the following passage into Chinese: 1、Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take

2、on formal learning. 早教的批评者援引有关4岁的小孩是否已经准备好接受正规学习的研究。Educators find that older toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers, whereas their younger counterparts are more likely to fail. 一些教育者们发现那些学步较晚的小孩更能胜任学校的功课，而那些较早学步的小孩反而不尽人意。Kindergarten children who turn five during the latter

3、 half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it comes to physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. 那些4岁半即将5岁的幼儿园小孩，在生理、心理、社交、智力的发展上似乎处于劣势地位。Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten tend to receive better grades and score higher on achievement tes

4、ts throughout their schooling experience than do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. 另外，相比于那些刚刚5岁就被送进幼儿园的小孩，那些接近6岁才进入幼儿园的小孩在他们学校功课中常常能够获得更好的成绩，在成绩测试中也常常获得较高的分数。Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the same thing.（一个小孩）聪明、语言表达能力（是否强）与（他）是否适

5、龄入学似乎并不是一回事。 It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of todays children with inner maturity. 如今小孩身上表现出来沉着、老练与内在的成熟，这两者很容易被混淆。Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs: Youngsters whose parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less c

6、reative, have more anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fail to maintain their initial academic advantage over their less-pressured peers.实际上，有证据显示，早教所带来的恰恰适得其反。那些被父母后面督促着而学业有成的小孩（往往）缺乏创造力，而且对于考试他们显得更加焦虑。同时，相对于没有收到重压的同龄人，到学前教育结束之时，他们（已）难以维持最初在学业上的优势。 Many psychologists and educators

7、 remain skeptical of approaches that place 4-year-olds in a formal educational setting. 对于将4岁小孩放入正式教育的这种做法，许多心理学家和教育家都持怀疑态度。They question whether environmental enrichment can significantly alter the built-in developmental timetable of a child reared in a non disadvantaged home. 通过丰富环境能否显着地改变一个成长在普通家

8、庭（字面：非弱势家庭）孩子的自然成长规律（字面：发展/成长时间表），这是他们有所质疑的地方。They do not deny, however, the value of day-care centers and nursery schools that provide a homelike environment and allow children considerable freedom to play, develop at their own pace, and evolve their social skills.然而，他们也并不否认那些托儿所和幼儿园的发挥的重要性。它们给孩子们提

9、供了家一样的环境，充分自由的玩乐空间，任孩子们慢慢成长（字面：让它们按照自己的步伐成长/发展），同时还培养了它们的社交能力。But they point out that many of the things children once did in first grade are now expected of them in kindergarten, and they worry lest more and more will now be asked of 4-year-olds.但是，它们也指出，以前许多在一年级才要求掌握的事情现在希望还在幼儿园的孩子也要学会，他们甚至还唯恐4岁的小

10、孩知之过少（字面：他们唯恐小孩所要要求的将越来越多）。These psychologists and educators believe we are driving young children too hard and thereby depriving them of their childhood.（同时）这些心理学家和教育家们认为，我们如此这般强压这些孩子以至于剥夺了他们的童年。2、People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. 人的个性和行为习惯是如何形成的

11、？这是困扰着人们很长时间的一个问题。Its not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.为什么人的智力千差万别（一个人聪明，而另一个人却不是）？为什么有些人（一个人）乐于协作，有些人（另一个人）却争强好胜？要解释这些并不易。Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. 当然，

12、这些问题也是社会科学家们所极其关心的问题。They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. 他们想（为我们）解释为什么我们具备特定的个性、表现出一定的行为举止。There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thoughts on the matter have developed. 然而这并没有确切的答案（可言），但是基于这个问题的两个思想流派已经发展起来。As one might expe

13、ct, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. 正如你所料，两种思想流派是截然不同的，而二者理论的支持者之间存在剧烈的争论。The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture.”他们二者（关于这个问题的）争论的往往很容易被归结为“先天得之或后天养成”。Those who support the “n

14、ature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.那些“先天得之”论的支持者认为，我们的性格和行为模式在很大程度上取决于生物和遗传因素。That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to thi

15、s theory.我们所处的环境对我们能力、个性、行为（的塑造）甚至可能并没有什么作用，而这一点正是“先天得之”论的核心。Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.这种理论甚至极端地坚持认为，我们的行为模式在很大程度上是先天决定的；因此，我们几乎完全受我们的本能所支配。Proponents of the “nurture” t

16、heory, or as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. “后天养成”论的支持者们，抑或是常称之为行为学家，他们声称在决定我们的行为模式时，环境比以生理为基础的本能更为重要。A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost

17、completely shaped by their surroundings. 一位行为学家认为，人类的行为模式完全是由周围环境塑造的。The behaviorists view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.行为学家们有关人类的观点是相当的机械的；他们机械的认为，人类对环境刺激的反应是形成他们行为模式的基础。The traditi

18、onal belief that a womans place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions. 女人当主内（应当待家里）以及女人不应该外出工作，诸如上述传统观念在现如今的条件下将很难合理的维系。It is said that it is a womans task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small an

19、d with a year or two between children.（传统观念）还认为，女人的天职就是照顾小孩，然而现如今家庭规模在逐渐变小，小孩之间的年龄差距也就一两岁。Thus a womans whole period of child bearing may occur within five years. 如此一来，一个女人用来照顾小孩得所有时间也就五年之内。Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six, her role as chief educator of her children

20、 soon ceases. 此外，随着五六岁适龄入学，女人作为孩子首席教育家的工作也很快就停止了。Thus even if we agree, that a woman should stay at home to look after her children before they are of school age, for many women, this period would extend only for about ten years.因此，即使是我们同意，对于大多数女人来说，待在家里照顾孩子直到他们适龄入学，这段时间也仅仅是10年而已。It might be argued

21、that the house-proud women would still find plenty to do about the home. （然而，仍然）有可能会有争论说，那些以家庭为重的女人仍然可以找到很多与家庭有关的事情去做。That may be so, but it is certainly no longer necessary for a woman to spend her whole life cooking, mending and sewing. 女人们确有可能如上所述，但是究其一生去做煮饭、修补和缝纫的活已经不再是一个女人所必须的了。Washing machines

22、 take the drudgery out of laundry, the latest models being entirely automatic and able to wash and dry a large quantity of clothes in a few minutes. 洗衣机的问世将洗衣房里枯燥乏味的工作解放，最新式的洗衣机能完成将大量衣物洗涤到烘干的所有工作，而这些工作都是全自动的。Refrigerators have made it possible to store food for long periods and many pre-cooked foods

23、 are obtainable in tins. 电冰箱的问世使得长时间储存食物成为可能，（与此同时）许多预熟的食物都保存到了罐头中。Shopping, instead of being a daily task, can be completed in one day a week. （这样一来）我们只需一周采购一次，而不是每天如此。The new man-made fibres are more hardwearing than natural fibres and greatly reduce mending, while good ready-made clothes are chea

24、p and plentiful. （另外，）新型的人造纤维织物比自然纤维的织物更耐磨，在大大节省了修补工作的同时，这些成衣更便宜且更方便批量化。3、In country after country, talk of nonsmokers right is in the air.不吸烟者的权利问题正在一个又一个国家里议论开了。While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking.虽然

25、大多数的国家（对此）极少甚至不采取任何行动，然而有30个国家已经通过立法措施来控烟。Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.一些国家通过出台多项法律来保证非烟民不被动吸二手烟（字面：还非烟民洁净的空气），或者通过法律减少香烟消费。 In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more or less st

26、abilized. 在一些发达国家，香烟消费或多或少已趋于稳定。However, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progressand is even encouraged.然而，在许多发展中国家，吸烟（个人认为应该翻译成，烟草消费）被视作经济发展的标志，更有甚者他们还鼓励吸烟。As more tobacco companies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in those cou

27、ntries. 随着烟草公司的国际化，这些国家的烟民便成了烟草公司们的新大陆（字面：烟草公司需要在这些国家的烟民中找到新的市场）。For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africawhere U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974.例如，美国烟草业在1974年向中东和北非输出的烟草总额增加了27%以上，为此他们做出了

28、巨大的努力。 Smoking is harmful to the health of people. 吸烟有害健康。World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it. 世界各国政府应该开展严肃的禁烟运动。Restrictions on cigarette advertisement, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants,

29、 are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking. 限制香烟广告，在烟盒上标识吸烟危害，在剧院、影院、饭馆等公共场所禁烟（等），这是大多数国家为了保证非烟民利益以及控烟的普遍做法。But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.然而

30、，世界各国所关注的下一步重点是，如何让这些烟民更加自觉并且让他们意识到吸烟是陋习Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.（同时，）我们应该尽最大努力去告诫年轻人沾上吸烟这个陋习将会带来的恶果。And cigarette price should be boosted.与此同时，香烟的价格应当提高。 In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would

31、 be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.在这漫长的禁烟赛跑中，毫无疑问，每个人的生活都将因禁烟而变得美好，然而人们却并没有为这场激烈的禁烟战争做好准备。4、这一篇用了很多比喻及隐喻，还有类比，所以翻译起来比较难，到后面长句较多，超出我的能力范围。We are told the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet s

32、een; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs programme, Panoroma. 据我们所知，大众媒体是迄今为止最好的启迪民智的方式，比如在英国，时事节目“全景”（Panoroma）每一期都吸引了数百万的观众。It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to so many intimations about societies. 确实，同时让如此众多的人如此频繁密集地置身于形形色色的社会暗示当中，像这样的情况，在人类历史中还从未有过。（这一句当中intimations about societies 社会暗示 翻译不好，请见谅）This kind of exposure may well be a point of