完整word版高一英语语法大全外研社版.docx

1、完整word版高一英语语法大全外研社版高一英语（外研社版）一般现在时、现在进行时、-ing形容词和-ed形容词的用法考点1：一般现在时的用法1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作。句中常出现often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等状语。He goes to school at seven oclock every day. 他每天七点去上学。She always takes a walk in the evening. 她常在晚间散步。We always care about and help each other. 我们总是互相关心、互相帮助。2.表示

2、普遍的真理、科学事实，也用在格言中。Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。Actions speak louder than words. 行动比言语更为响亮。3.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。When I graduate, Ill go back to the countryside. 我毕业后将回农村。They wont come to see us if it rains next Sunday. 如果下周日下雨，他们就不会来看我们了。4.表示按规定或时刻表将要发生的动作，仅限于少数动词，如begin, l

3、eave, go, arrive, start等。The meeting begins at eight. 会议八点开始。The train starts at nine in the morning. 火车早上九点出发。5.表示主语的特征、性格或说话时的感觉、状态。This job calls for great patience. 这项工作需要极大的耐心。I feel very cold. 我感觉很冷。考点2：现在进行时的用法1.表示说话时正在进行的动作。常与时间状语 now, at the moment等连用。I am writing a letter. Will you please

4、turn down the radio? 我正在写信，请把收音机的音量调小一点儿，好吗？Some of the passengers are looking out of the windows at the moment. 此刻一些旅客正望着窗外。2.表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作。常与时间状语 these days等连用。She is studying law while her elder brother is studying medicine. 她学法律而她哥哥学医。I dont really work here; I am just helping out until

5、 the new secretary arrives. 我真的不在这儿工作，我只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙罢了。3.表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。有此用法的动词有go, come, leave, arrive, take, return, meet等。Mr White is leaving for Shanghai in a few days. 几天后，怀特先生将动身去上海。We are meeting him after the performance. 我们将在表演结束后去见他。4.表示反复发生或习惯性的动作，通常表达某种强烈的感情，如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌、不满等。常与 always, cont

6、inually, constantly, forever等副词连用。He is always asking such simple questions. 他老是问这种简单的问题。He is always thinking more of others than of himself. 他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑得少。5.表示一种委婉的语气。hope, want, wonder等少数动词用现在进行时表达的语气比用一般现在时更委婉。Im wondering whether you like it. 我不知道你是否喜欢它。考点3：-ing、-ed形容词的用法基本含义-ing形容词通常用于表示事

7、物或人自身的属性，常译为“令人的”，强调的是事物或人给人的一种感觉。-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到的”，强调人自身的情感波动。The interesting book attracts me. 那本有趣的书吸引了我。The flowers on the hill are pleasing. 山上的花赏心悦目。When he heard the news, he was very surprised. 当他听到这个消息时，他感到很吃惊。语法功能-ing形容词和-ed形容词都可作定语、表语、补语和状语。The film was very amusing. 这部电影很好笑。Smith

8、 is the most experienced doctor in the hospital. 史密斯是这家医院里最有经验的医生。She is very interested in English. 她对英语很感兴趣。必修一外研第二模块语法归纳动名词作宾语考点一：动名词作动词的宾语常见的后接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）建议考虑坚持练（suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practise）允许想象弃冒险（permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk）阻止抵抗否逃脱（forbid, resist, deny, escape）不禁

9、介意保持完（cant help, mind, keep, finish）耽误推迟求原谅（delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse）承认错过欣喜欢（admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy）I really enjoy chatting with them; they are very friendly. 我真的很喜欢和他们聊天，他们很友好。Mary is considering changing her car. 玛丽在考虑换辆汽车。Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗户吗？I sugge

10、st going out for a moment to have a rest after studying for one hour. 我建议在学习一小时之后出去一会儿，休息一下。考点二：动名词作介词的宾语动名词常在以下搭配的介词后作宾语：be good at 擅长 dream of 梦想be used to 习惯于 object to 反对look forward to 盼望 be accustomed to 习惯于get down to 开始做 take advantage of 利用I have been looking forward to hearing from you. 我一

11、直盼望着收到你的来信。Im not used to eating so much at lunchtime. 我不习惯午饭吃那么多。I get down to thinking about that essay. 我开始思考那篇文章。考点三：后跟动名词和不定式作宾语的动词（短语）1.有些动词（短语）后跟动名词和不定式作宾语时意义差别很大。此类动词（短语）有：go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事try

12、to do sth. 尽力做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事remember to do sth. 记得要做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事The light in the office is still on. 办公室的灯仍亮着。Oh, I forgot to turn it off. 哦，我忘记关了。2. want, need, require后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于其后跟动词不定式的被动式。The roof needs repairing（= needs to be repaired）. 屋

13、顶需要修理了。3. begin和start后既可接动名词又可接动词不定式作宾语，意义差别不大，但在以下三种情况下，其后只接动词不定式作宾语：主语是物时。begin和start本身用于进行时态时。begin和start后接表示心理状态或精神活动的动词（如think, realize, understand等）时。Hearing what you have said, I am beginning to feel better. 听了你的话，我渐渐觉得好些了。4. like, love, hate等动词后接动名词时，表示一种习惯或倾向；接不定式时，表示一次特定的或具体的动作。I love trav

14、eling, and I love to visit Brazil. 我喜欢旅行，我喜欢去巴西旅游。必修一外研第三模块语法归纳过去分词（短语）作定语、一般过去时的时间状语考点一：过去分词（短语）作定语1.前置定语：单个过去分词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前。the developed countries 发达国家We only sell used books. 我们只卖二手书。2.后置定语：单个过去分词有时也可置于被修饰词之后；过去分词短语作定语时要后置。Dont use words or expressions known only to people with specific knowl

15、edge. 不要使用拥有特殊知识的人才能懂的单词或词组。3.过去分词短语作后置定语时可以扩展成一个定语从句。the color TV produced last year = the color TV which/that was produced last year 去年生产的彩色电视机a letter written to me by my daughter = a letter which/that was written to me by my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信4.过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。（1）及物动词的过去分词作定语通常可以表示被动和完成，即从语态方面说

16、，被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，从时态方面说，分词所表示的动作通常已经完成。the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题the person killed last year 去年被杀的人He was then a teacher respected by all the students. 那时他是一位受所有学生尊敬的老师。（2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语时仅表示完成。fallen leaves 落叶faded flowers 凋谢的花5.过去分词作定语与现在分词/不定式作定语的区别。现在分词作定语表示主动和动作正在进行；过去分词作定语表示被

17、动和动作已经完成；不定式作定语时有两种情况：与其所修饰的词之间往往有逻辑上的动宾关系；相当于一个定语从句，表明动作即将发生。China is a developing country, not a developed country. 中国是一个发展中国家，而不是一个发达国家。He is a pleasant fellow to work with. 他是个很好共事的人。The man to come to our assistance is Mike. 要来帮助我们的人是Mike。考点二：一般过去时的时间状语1.一般过去时表示过去的某一时刻或者某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态时，常与yes

18、terday, the day before yesterday, at one time, in 2014, in the past, last night, last year, last week, just now, when等表示时间点/段的状语（从句）连用。Last night we went to enjoy a good performance. 昨天晚上我们去看了一场不错的演出。We went to New York last year. 去年我们去了纽约。He left the classroom just now. 他刚才离开了教室。2.一般过去时表示过去习惯性的动作时，

19、通常与every，ago，in/during，when等表示时间段的状语（从句）或表示频度的时间状语连用。He smoked a lot five years ago. 五年前他吸烟很厉害。We went to school together when we were children and so we saw each other every day.我们小时候一起上学，因此我们每天都见面。3.虽然有些句子没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断动作发生在过去。I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。I thought you were il

20、l. 我以为你生病了。必修一外研第四模块语法归纳现在完成时的用法考点一：现在完成时的用法1.现在完成时的构成have/has +过去分词2.现在完成时的用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常同yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经被关上了）I have already read the book. 我已读过这本书了。（结果是我已知道这本书的内容了）（2）表示开始于过去、持续到现在并可能持

21、续下去的动作或状态，常同these days, recently, so far, for+时间段和since+时间点连用。It has rained a lot these days. 这些天多雨。She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。I havent eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早餐时间到现在一直没有吃东西。（3）在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 直到公交车停下才能下车。He w

22、ill come as soon as he has finished his work. 他一做完工作就会来。3.现在完成时的两个常用句型（1）在That/This/It is the first/second/third/.time （that）从句句型中，从句要用现在完成时。Its the second time that I have met her today. 这是我今天第二次遇见她了。（2）在It+be+一段时间+since从句句型中，主句常用现在完成时（也可以用一般现在时）。It is/has been six years since I came here. 我来这儿已经六年

23、了。4.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时不能与过去某一具体的时间连用，如yesterday, last+时间名词，时间名词+ago等。（2）现在完成时通常和过去不明确的时间副词连用，如already, often, never, ever, always, so far, up to now, till now等。考点二：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时：强调过去发生的动作产生的结果或对现在造成的影响，落脚点在现在。一般过去时：着重说明动作发生在过去，强调动作本身，落脚点在过去。试比较：She has lived in Paris for twenty years. 她在巴黎住了20

24、年了。（可能刚搬走，也可能继续住下去）She lived in Paris for twenty years. 她在巴黎住了20年。（现在已经不在那里住了）必修一外研第五模块语法归纳形容词和副词的比较等级考点一：倍数表达法1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+asAsia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。The dining room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐厅是厨房的两倍大。2.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+thanOur school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校是

25、你们学校的两倍大。3.倍数+the+名词（size，height，length，width，etc.）+ofThe new building is three times the height of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的三倍高。This stone bridge is twice the length of the wood one. 这座石桥是那座木桥的两倍长。4.倍数+as many/much+名词+asHe has got three times as many books as his younger sister. 他的书比他妹妹的多两倍。5.倍数+what从

26、句The price of the house this year is twice what it was last year. 今年的房价是去年房价的两倍。6. increase/fall等增减性动词+by+倍数Compared with last year, our coal output has increased by three times. 与去年相比，我们的煤产量增长了三倍。7.倍数+compared with+被比较对象The number of the students in our school has increased by four times compared w

27、ith 1980. 我们学校的学生人数比 1980 年增加了四倍。考点二：形容词/副词比较级的基本用法原级比较（1）as+形容词/副词原级+as表示和一样，其否定形式为not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as。He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。Li Hua doesnt draw as/so well as Liu Fang. 李华画画不如刘芳好。（2）as+adj.+n.+asI have as many books as Tom. 我有和汤姆一样多的书。Sam drank as much coffee as Mary. 萨姆跟玛丽喝的咖啡一样多。比较级的常见句

28、式形容词/副词比较级+than意为比更。Yao Ming is taller than Michael Jordan. 姚明比迈克尔乔丹高。She speaks louder than her mother. 她比她妈妈说话声音大。比较级的修饰词形容词和副词的比较级可以用程度副词来修饰，常见的此类副词（词组）有a bit, a little, far, much, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even等。The girl has made far greater progress than her classmates. 这个女孩的进步比她同学的大得多。A

29、re you feeling any better today? 你今天感觉好点儿了吗？考点三：比较级的常见结构1.比较级+and+比较级/more and more+原级表示越来越。It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气越来越暖和了。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校越来越美丽了。2. the+比较级（+主语+谓语）, the+比较级（+主语+谓语）表示越，越。The sooner, the better. 越快越好。3. the+比较级+of th

30、e two 表示两者中较的那一个。She is the taller of the two sisters. 她是姐妹俩中较高的那一个。4. 否定词+比较级表示最高级含义。I have never seen a stranger bird. 这是我见过的最奇怪的鸟。5. more than+从句表示超出的范围。The noise is more than I can put up with. 这种噪音我忍受不了。必修一外研第六模块语法归纳.合成词考点一：合成词由两个或两个以上独立的词合成的新词叫合成词。合成词有的用连字符-连在一起，有的直接连在一起。常见的合成词有合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词等。1.合成名词（1）合成名词可在句中作主语、宾语等。Sightseeing took up the whole morning. 观光花了一上午时间。Smoking is not allowed during take-off. 飞机起飞时不允许吸烟。（2）合成名词的常见构成方式：名词+名词football 足球 self-respect 自尊动词+副词breakout 越狱 take-off 起飞副词+动词outbreak 崩溃 income 收入-i