考博英语阅读资料10篇附答案.docx

1、考博英语阅读资料10篇附答案考博英语阅读资料Unit OnePassage 1 The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects: transportation and storage.Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing. The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products. Transportation c

2、an be by truck, rail-way, ship, or barge. For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid deliveryis essential, air freight may be used. Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption ofgoods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly

3、as they are made. Inventories buildup, both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold. The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retailstores. Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price. If, for exam

4、ple, no agriculturalproduct could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately. This would,of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically. There would be an immediate benefit toconsumers, but in the long run they would suffer. Farmers, because of low prices, would beforc

5、ed off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease. This, in turn, wouldraise consumer prices. Warehouses for storage are of several types. Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependen

6、t of manufacturer ownership. General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety ofproducts. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products. Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling. A bondedwarehouse is one that stores foo

7、ds, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid beforethey are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples. The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse. Many large com-panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country. Ea

8、ch plantdoes not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them. The distributioncenter allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place. Its purpose is tominimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than buildup exten

9、sive inventories. It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover. Very largecorporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based1. The main subject of this passage is_. A) transportation and storage B) storage of products C) distribution center D) two main aspect

10、s of product distribution2. Warehousing is important in that _ A) inventories build up before the goods are sold B) the prices will go down C) more goods are produced than can be consumed D) the food has to be put on the market immediately3. How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in

11、the passage? A) 3. B) 4. C) 6. D) 7.4. Where might one find meat and milk? A) Grain elevator. B) Cold-storage warehouse. C) Private warehouse. D) Bonded warehouse.5. What is NOT true of a distribution center? A) It is a relatively new type of warehouse. B) Product is replaced more quickly and costs

12、are down. C) Some distribution centers are not built in the sane country as the factory D) It builds up extensive inventories to minimize storage.Passage 2 How much pain do animals feel? This is a question which has caused endless controversy.Opponents of big game shooting, for example, arouse our p

13、ity by describing tile agonies of abadly-wounded beast that has crawled into a comer to die. In countries where the fox, the hareand the deer are hunted, animal-lovers paint harrowing pictures of the pursued animal sufferingnot only the physical distress of the chase but the mental anguish of antici

14、pated death. The usual answer to these criticisms is that animals do not suffer in the same way, or tothe same extent, as we de. Man was created with a delicate nervous system and has never losthis acute sensitiveness to pain; animals, on the other hand, had less sensitive systems to beginwith and i

15、n the course of millions of years, have developed a capacity of ignoring injuries anddisorders which human beings would find intolerable. For example, a dog will continue to playwith a ball even after a serious injury to his foot; he may be unable to run without limping, buthe will go on trying long

16、 after a human child would have had to stop because of the pain. Weare told, moreover, that even when animals appear to us to be suffering acutely, this is not so;what seems to us to be agonized contortions caused by pain are in fact no more than muscularcontractions over which they have no control.

17、 These arguments are unsatisfactory because something about which we know a great deal is being compared with something we can only conjecture. We know what we feel; we have no means of knowing what animals feet. Some creatures with a less delicate nervous system than ours may be incapable of feelin

18、g pain to the same extent as we do: that as far as we are entitled to do, the most humane attitude, surely, is to assume that no animals are entirely exempt from physical pain and that we ought, therefore, wherever possible, to avoid causing suffering even to the least of them. 6. Animal-lovers assu

19、me that animals, being hunted, would suffer from _. A) a great deal of agony both in body and in spirit B) mental distress once they are wounded C) only body pains without feeling sad D) crawling into the comer to die7. Supporters of game shooting may argue that animals _. A) cannot control their mu

20、scular contractions B) have developed a capacity of feeling no pain C) are not as acutely sensitive as human beings to injuries D) can endure all kinds of disorders8. The author feels sure that _. A) animals dont show suffering to us B) dogs are more endurable than human children C) we cannot know w

21、hat animals feel D) comparing animals with human beings is not appropriate9. What is the authors opinion about animal hunting? A) We should feel the same as the hunted animals do. B) We should protect and save all the animals. C) We shouldnt cause suffering to them. D) We should take care of them if

22、 we can.10. This passage seems to _. A) argue for something B) explain something C) tell a story D) describe an objectPassage 3 In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A the-ory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an o

23、bserved eventcould be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in whichgases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion. A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events thathave not as yet

24、been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experi-merits to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists predictions, the theory is sup-ported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. Theremay be a fault in the experime

25、nt, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information andperforming experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules HenriPoincare said: Science is built with facts just as a house is bui

26、lt with bricks, but a collectionof facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house. Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned abouta particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the

27、 part ofthe investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem areformulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientists thinkingbeyond the known facts. The scientist plans experim

28、ents, performs calculations, and makes ob-servations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose anddirection. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.11. The word this in the 3rd sentence in paragraph 1 refers to _. A) a good example B)

29、 an imaginary model C) the kinetic molecular theory D) an observed event12. Bricks are mentioned in the 3rd paragraph to indicate how _. A) mathematicians approach science B) building a house is like performing experiments C) science is more than a collection of facts D) scientific experiments have

30、led to improved technology 13. In the last paragraph, the author refers to a hypothesis as a leap into the unknown in or- der to show that hypotheses _. A) are sometimes ill-conceived B) can lead to dangerous results C) go beyond available facts D) require effort to formulate 14. What is a major fun

31、ction of hypotheses as implied in the last paragraph7 A) Sifting through known facts. B) Communicating a scientists thoughts to others. C) Providing direction for scientific research. D) Linking together different theories. 15. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? A) Theori

32、es are simply imaginary models of past events. B) It is better to revise a hypothesis than to reject it. C) A scientists most difficult task is testing hypotheses. D) A good scientist needs to be creative. B) Education systems need to be radically reformed. C) Going to school is only part of how people become educated. D) Education involves many years of professional training.20. The passage is organized by _ A) listing and discussing several educational problems B) cont