人教版中考英语专题复习导学案动词专题.docx

1、人教版中考英语专题复习导学案动词专题九年级英语专题复习动词专题导学案绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和不定式。一、实义动词根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词 (不带宾语)。如：When will he arrive? 他什么时候到？(arrive 不带宾语，为不及物动词)He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。(reach 带了宾语，为及物动词)有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：The child is playing. 这小孩在玩。（不及物用法）The child is p

2、laying the piano. 这小孩在弹钢琴。（及物用法）特殊词精讲1. stop doing/to dostop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing停止做某事。例如：They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。典型例题She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. resting C. to restD.

3、rest2. forget doing/to do forget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。例如：The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）典型例题 - The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off

4、 C. to turn it off D. having turned it off3. remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing记得做过某事。例如：Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?4. try doing/to do try to do努力，企图做某事，try doing试验，试着做某事。例如：You must try to be

5、 more careful. 你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。5. go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。例如： After he had finished his math，he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练

6、习6. be afraid doing/to dobe afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕，be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。例如：She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of wak

7、ing her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。7. begin（start） doing/to dobegin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.1） 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2） begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do。例如：I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。3） 在attempt, intend, be

8、gin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。例如：I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。4） 事物作主语时。例如：The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了8. 感官动词 + doing/ do感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如：I saw him work in the garden y

9、esterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调我看见了这个事实）I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调我见他正干活这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。二、连系动词的分类(1) 状态系动词：只有be一词。如： She is always like that. 她总是那样。(2) 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。He stayed single. 他仍然是

10、单身。(3) 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如：He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。He appeared quite well. 他显得身体相当好。(4) 感官系动词：表示“起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。(5) 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，

11、主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, runbecome、get、go、be、grow、turn的用法区别：become表示“变成”,比较正式,通常不用将来时表示动作已经完成。get也表示动作已经完成,但是更加口语化,通常表示温度、时间、岁数等变化。go表示“变得”,常见于某些短语中,后面常有形容词bad、blind、hungry等。be表示“是、成为、当”,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式中。grow表示“变得”,常指逐渐的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长。turn表示“变得”,指变为与原先不同的情况,通常指颜色等变化。(6) 终止系动词：主要有pro

12、ve, turn out(结果是，证明是) 等。如：His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。His advice proved sound. 他的劝告证明是对的。My intuition turned out to be correct. 我的直觉证明是对的。连系动词后可以接to be吗The story sounds _.A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true1. 在seem，appear，prove，continue等连系动词以及用作连系动词的短语turn out等之后，可以接to be，但可省略：He s

13、eems (to be) sad. 他似乎很伤心。He appears (to be) angry. 他似乎生气了。The news turned out proved (to be) false. 那消息结果是假的。2. 在feel，smell，sound，taste等连系动词后不接to be：这汤味道不错。正：The soup tastes nice.误：The soup tastes to be nice.在look(看起来)之后是否接to be，语法专家意见不一，但总的说来，以不用为佳。3. 在表语形容词前的to be通常不省略：He seemed to be awake when I

14、 went into his room. 我进屋时，他似乎醒了。He seems quite sure of it. 他似乎对此很有把握。三、助动词助动词本身不具备任何实际意义，不能单独作谓语，必须和 动词一起连用，在句中帮助行为动词组成 和语态以及构成 或否定形式。常用的助动词有： be, have, do, will, would, shall和should。1、 助动词be的用法：1）It is raining now. （进行时态） 2) The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.（被动语态）观察以上各句，可知助动词be用于构成： 和 。2、 助

15、动词will的用法：用于构成将来时态。（will/would还可作情态动词，表示询问或意愿）Eg: 1) I will visit you tomorrow. 2) I said I would visit you the next day. 3、 助动词have的用法：用于构成 。 Eg: I have finished my homework. 4、 助动词do的用法：用于构成 ，在动词前加do/does/did表 Eg: 1) Does he go to school on foot? 2) I didnt say anything about the result. 3) They d

16、o study hard. 他们真的很努力学习。及时训练：把下句改成否定句、疑问句并作肯定否定回答。1、 He will go to the cinema with her. 否定句： 一般疑问句： 肯/否回答： 四、情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。1、 表示能力：can/could , be able to (+do)1) can和be a

17、ble to 的区别：观察以下各句，可知can 只能用于 和 ；be able to 可用于各种时态。eg: I can /am able to speak English. 他能说英语。 He could/ was able to eat four pieces of bread when he was young. They will be able to finish the housework soon.2）Can/could you+ 动原+其它？表示征求对方意见或提出请求，表示委婉语气，但在这个句型里could比can更委婉。但要注意它的回答用can不用could. Eg: -Co

18、uld you help me ?-Yes, I can. 2、 表示许可： may/might, can/could. 但一定要注意：以may开头的疑问句的否定回答。例如：-May I come in? Yes, you may. / No, you cant = No ,you mustnt.3、 表示必须、必要：must, have to 表示 ；neednt 表示 。Eg: You must/ have to finish the work. 你必须完成这个工作。1）观察以下句子，我们可知must表示说话人的 ；have to 表示 。 Eg: I must go home. 我必须回

19、家； He has to give up smoking because of badly cough. 因为咳嗽，他不得不戒烟。2）观察以下句子，我们可知mustnt表示 ,译为 ；dont have to译为 。 Eg: You mustnt beat her. 你不准打她。 Must I finish my homework now?Yes, you must ./ No, you neednt=you dont have to -我必须现在完成作业吗？-是的，你必须完成。/ 不，你不必了。4、表示推测： must, can, could , may, might. Eg: You ru

20、n for hours, you must be very tired. 你跑了几个钟，你一定很累了。 It cant be John. He has gone to the UK. 不可能是John, 他已经去了英国。 Who can it be? -It may/could/might be Jack. It looks like him. -可能是谁呢？-可能是Jack, 看起来像他。观察以上各句总结：肯定推测 译为 ；否定推测 译为 ；疑问推测有个 译为 ；可能性推测用 。 及时训练并归纳最常考情态动词的用法： 1、-Would you like to go fishing with

21、me? -Yes, / 。 2、-May I put these things here? -Yes, / No, 3、-Must we hand in our homework today? -Yes, / No, 4、-Look! Someone is coming. It be our class teacher. (用must/can/could/may/might填空) -It be him. He has gone to Beijing.1. 中考怎么考？1. Look! Ive chosen so many things here.Do you know all these sh

22、ould _ (付款) in US dollars? (pay)2. Shall we take a taxi? No, we _ . Its not far from here.A. cant B. mustnt C, shouldnt D. neednt3. Whose T-shirt is this? It be Johns. Its much too small for him. A. may B. must C. cant D. shouldnt 4. What should we do about the trash? It (65) (必须带走) when you leave.

23、(take)2. 中考考什么？1. 情态动词的用法：情态动词后 + 动词原形 例：You must finish the work. 否定句：情态动词+not 例：He can not carry the box.2. can “能力,许可” 例：He can swim now. （能够）cant =cannot =can not “不能” 例： He cant swim now. (不能)could could是“can的过去式” 例：He could swim three years ago.could还可以表示“客气委婉的语气或请求”，用在疑问句中。回答时用can。例：Could Jim

24、 lend me his bike? -Yes, he can.can和be able to在表示“能力”上意思相同，差别不大。can只有现在和过去两种形式，而be able to有更多的时态形式 例：No one can do it. = No one is able to do it. Im sorry I havent been able to answer your letter.3. may “可以,许可,” 例：May I borrow your ruler?may not “也许不” 例：Today Jim may not come to our party.01. I _ fo

25、llow you. Would you please repeat it? A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 02. I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours?Yes, you _.A. can B. must C. could D. should03. .-Pauline has lost her phone. No. Its in her bag. I _ hear it.A. must B. can C. may D. shall04. . Finish your homework

26、first, then youll _ watch TV for an hour.A. can B. be able to C. able D could05. . _ I have lunch now, Mom?No. You must wash your hands first. A. Would B. May C. Ought to 06. . Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation?Not yet. We _go to Qingdao . Its a good place for vacation. A. may B.

27、 need C. must07. . you please give me a hand? The box is too heavy.A. Should B. Could C. Must D. Need4. must “必须” 例：You must finish the work today. must not =mustnt “不可以，不应该” 例：You mustnt lend the book to someone else.must和have to都表示必须，must强调主观看法，have to强调客观事实需要。must只有现在和过去两种形式，而have to有更多的时态形式。 例：I

28、 must finish the work. （主观上想完成） My teacher will come to my home, so I have to clean my room. （老师要来是客观原因） We will have to finish the work. （用于将来时用have to，而must则不能）5. need “必要,必定” 例：You need start the work now. neednt =need not “不必” 例：We neednt hurry.need还用作实意动词，有各种变化 例：He needs to know it. （肯定句）He do

29、esnt need to know it. （否定句）Does he need to know it? （一般疑问句）6. have to +动词原形，表示“必须做-”。 例：He has to finish his homework at first. He doesnt have to finish his homework at first.The boys have to finish their homework at first. The boys dont have to finish their homework at first.01. Dad, must we wait u

30、ntil the light becomes green?Yes, Im afraid we_ .Thats the traffic rule.A. can B. may C. have to D. need02. Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer?Sorry. You _ return it today.A. must B. mustnt C. can D. cant03. Children _ sit in the front seat of a car. Its too dangerous.A. need B. neednt C. must D. mustnt04. We _ pay to get into the concert. Its free.A. cant B. mustnt C. mi