CATTI二级笔译综合解题步骤及技巧.docx

1、CATTI二级笔译综合解题步骤及技巧2021年CATTI二级笔译综合解题步骤及技巧 CATTI二级笔译综合解题步骤及技巧 Error Correction部分 题型分析 本题分值20分,20道选择题,建议时间约20分钟.考题是一个句子,可能是简单句,也可能是复合句.要求考生能够识别句中划线部分的错误,并从后面提供的四个选项中选择一个来替代划线部分.本部分主要考查考生对语法.句法错误的识别,语义及逻辑关系的判断,词语搭配错误的甄别,习惯用语的正确使用等.考生须有扎实的语法.句法知识和过硬的语言运用能力才能正确作答. 测试重点 从近三年的考题来看,改错部分中语法.句法问题占80%以上,词语搭配错误

2、占_%以上.所考部分的内容主要涉及以下方面: (1) 非谓语动词形式(过去分词,现在分词,不定式)的用法,包括非谓语动词在句中作状语.定语和宾语的用法,非谓语动词的语态表现,逻辑主语是否与主句主语一致等; (2) 代词的用法,包括代词的指代(例如代词在比较状语从句中的指代),it 作形式宾语(即复合宾语中的用法)和形式主语的用法,反身代词的用法,关系代词在引导定语从句时的使用等; (3) 被动语态结构(其中助动词中可能还会有情态动词),包括不定式和现在分词等非谓语形式的被动语态结构; (4) 主谓一致,包括带of phrase的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致,主语后面带并列或附带成分时的主谓一致,

3、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致,倒装句中的主谓一致等; (5) 独立主格结构; (6) 定语的用法,包括前置定语,以及作后置定语的常用词和短语; (7) 副词的用法(包括关系副词的用法.介词+关系代词替代关系副词等形式)及其在句中的位置; (8) 形容词的用法,包括以-ly结尾的且易混淆为副词的常见形容词,作后置定语的形容词,表示情感或看法的形容词与不定式连用,以及形容词用于it is +adj+that 从句等固定句型等; (9) 常见介词的意义及用法(包括复合介词和以-ing结尾的介词的用法,介词接宾语从句的用法等; (10) 情态动词的用法,涉及情态动词的意义,及其在被动语态结构中用作助动词

4、等; (_) 时态的用法,包括现在时,过去时,将来时,完成时,以及have gone 与have been的区别等; (_) 状语从句的用法,涉及时间.原因.让步,目的,伴随,比较等状语从句; (_) 连词的使用,包括并列连词,引导状语从句的连词等; (_) 定语从句,包括分隔式定语从句等; (_) 表语从句,涉及固定句型的表语从句; (_) 名词从句,涉及主语从句和宾语从句等 ; (_) 同位语及同位语从句的用法; (_) 倒装句,涉及部分倒装和全部倒装句,包括否定词放在句首时的倒装,so(such).that.等句型的倒装等; (_) 限定词的使用,包括冠词等; (20) 含蓄条件句(用作

5、非真实条件句)的形式及用法,祈使句及名词词组用作条件句时的辨析; (_) 虚拟语气的意义及用法; (_) 常见并列结构的形式及用法,包括平行结构等; (23) 常见比较结构如more.than., less.than., as.as.等; (24) hope或wish接宾语从句或双宾语时的用法; (25) 词语搭配,主要涉及形容词与介词的搭配,动词与介词(副词)的搭配等. 解题步骤 (1) 通读全句,把握句子意义,识别句子结构和主要成分及附属成分; (2) 边读边判断句子结构.句型.句意.时态.语态.固定短语以及词语搭配等,分析备选项,做出正确判断,以达到语句正确,意义准确 ; (3) 复查核

6、对句子主干部分.从句主干部分.以及短语结构形式是否完整正确.视野扩大到全句,根据句子的形式和语义上的逻辑关系,反复推敲,排除模棱两可的选项,疏通句意. 解题技巧 考生应该清楚的是本部分考查的不仅仅是语法知识,还加入了对语义逻辑的考察,是两者的混合双打. 最为重要的是在解题时首先要判断出句子或从句的主干结构,再判断其语义上是否通顺连贯.因此考生对每个句子既要快读也要细读.如_年上的55题: They are intelligent animals and can see work together as they hunt schools of small fish. A. can be see

7、n working B. to be seen working C. can be seeing work D. to be seeing work 【解析】本题在读一次之后就能判断出这是一个主从复合句,再读时就会发现主句中的内容是两个并列单句,由and连接;但从语义通顺上来看,划线部分却不能像第一个单句一样用主动语态,应该是被看见劳动,故选A. 从划线部分着手 划线部分经常会出现代词指代混乱和限定性定语从句的引导词指代混乱等错误.因此,如果句中划线部分出现了这两类词,建议在没有发现明显错误之前,可以从这两类词下手进行详细分析.通过确认其真实指代对象与其语法指代对象是否一致来排除一些错误选项.

8、比如_上的41题: The office, laboratory, and museum are situated at the top of the hill in which they command a fine view. A. where it commands B. which it commands C. where they command D. which they command 【解析】从句子中可以看出本句有一个定语从句,从句中有主谓宾成分.它修饰的先行词是hill, 表示地点,因此从句的引导词应该是关系副词,而划线部分中却用了in which,初一看好像是正确的,但如果

9、再仔细读一下,就会发现应该是从山上往下看,因此应该用from which才对,但选项中却没有,故选A. 灵活运用排除法 句中经常会出现明显的语法错误或逻辑错误,尤其是在题干的划线部分.对此,考生可以通过排除法缩小正确选项的范围,再结合句子实际要表达的意思找出正确答案.比如_上的43题 The runner, which for the competition for the first time in a major track meet, waited patiently in the starting blocks. A. who was for the competition B. th

10、at was about to compete C.that was for the competition D. who was about to compete 【解析】本题中一眼就能看出划线部分的引导词有问题,由于先行词是人,所以从四个选项中就很容易排除B和C,然再从谓语部分的语义在起跑处耐心等待上来判断,可知比赛尚未开始,故选D,因为其中的be about to do 表示即将开始. 巧用语法的对称性 英语和汉语一样,也讲究句子结构的对称.这一点在句子改错中的比较项对照和平行结构中表现得尤为突出,即尽可能在语法功能上和表达形式上前后一致.因此,考生可以通过未划线部分中的语法功能和表达形

11、式来确定划线部分中与之相对应的语法功能及表达形式,以达到快速排除错误选项的目的.比如_上的59题和_上的52题: I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, also not least but last, self-induced pressure. A. or B. and C. yet D. with 【解析】本题就是一个典型的平行结构,句中冒号后面出现的是内容相似,结构相同,无先后顺序,无因果关系的

12、并列成分.在英语的书面表达中,句子中出现两个以上的并列成分,最后一个并列成分前面需要用一个连词将并列项连接起来,故选B. More surprising, perhaps, as traditional marriage the difficulty is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. A. as the current difficulties of traditional marriage B. the current difficulties of traditional marriage C. than the

13、 current difficulties of traditional marriage D. what the current difficulties of traditional marriage 【解析】本题中句子一开始就出现了more surprising,我们就很容易预期后面能有than, 形成一个比较结构,但接下来就没有连词than出现,在划线部分中出现的竟然是as.,这是典型的不对称.故选C. 利用未划线部分寻找线索和启发 有时候仅就选项部分而言,会有几个选项在表达上和句意上都是无可挑剔的.在此种情况下,再进行选项比较已毫无意义,而应该把目光放宽一些,到未划线部分中去寻找一些

14、线索.比如划线部分与未划线部分在人称上是否一致,在主谓单复数上是否一致等等.比如_上的57题: Were headed downtown on Saturday to see whats being shown in the main art galleries. Im told that Anne is very interested in modern art, so I hope she have joined our group. A. will join B. would join C. will have joined D. would have joined 【解析】本题中划线部

15、分用的时态是现在完成时,表示已经加入.但从第一句的意思we are headed.to see.来看,意思是我们计划周六去观赏现代美术展览,因此很容易判断出划线部分时态不正确,故选A. 检查常见的语法及搭配是否正确 检查主谓是否一致,代词是否一致,形容词.副词使用是否混淆,时态.语态是否正确,复合句中主句和从句的主谓结构是否完整,否定词用在句首时句子是否倒装,出现表示比较的词时,比较结构是否正确,作状语的是短语还是从句,状语从句中的连词使用是否正确,非谓语动词形式的逻辑主语与句子主语是否一致,介词的使用是否正确,定语从句的先行词是哪一个,定语从句的引导词是否正确,是否独立主格结构等.兹举例如下

16、: 1.The project which will cost 34 million yuan designs to build more than 100 homes, restaurants and retail shops around the city. (_下46题,考点是被动语态) A. is designed B. is designing C. will be designed D. will design 【解析】在做本题时首先找出句子的主干结构the project designs to build more than.划线部分是句子中的谓语动词,但由于句子的主语是proj

17、ect,因此谓语动词应该用被动式is designed(被设计成)而不是主动式.本题的考点涉及动词的语态是否正确. 2.Because e_cessively hunting has depleted many wildlife species, preservation zones for wild animals are being established in some provinces. (_下48题,考点是形容词与副词的用法区别) A. e_cessive hunting B. e_cessively being hunting C. to e_cessively hunting

18、D. to have hunted e_cessively 【解析】这道题一眼就能看出,划线部分在原因状语从句中作主语,名词hunting前面的定语却是副词e_cessively, 这明显是名词的修饰语使用不当,所以应当选择A,用形容词来修饰名词. 3.The community is launching a campaign to reduce noise in the areas around apartments, many residents complain that they cannot sleep at night.(_下50题,考点是连词的用法区别) A. lest many

19、 residents complain B. though many residents complain C. because many residents complain D. as many residents complain 【解析】考生在读完这句话后,很容易从语义上判断出前面的分句给出结果,后面的分句是在说明造成结果的原因,因此划线部分缺少一个表示原因的连词.四个选项中, because引导的原因状语从句指的是自然.直接的原因,与主句之间表示必然的因果关系,引导的从句多放在句末,故选C.本题不仅涉及语义上的逻辑关系,更主要的是能区分不同连词在引导原因状语从句时的用法区别. 4.A

20、lthough we know a lot about his life, the reason for his death has remained a mystery, the most e_treme possibility is murder. (_上53题,考点是独立主格结构) A.being murder the most e_treme possibility B.with the most e_treme possibility murder C.being the most e_treme possibility murder D.with murder the most e

21、_treme possibility 【解析】本题中有三个分句,从语义上来看,头两个分句已经形成让步与转折关系,以主从复合句的形式完整地表达了主要意思.第三个分句只是对可能的原因进行一个猜测,无论是从形式上还是从意义上都处于附属地位,因此它就不能像第二个分句一样以完整的句子形式出现,故选D,以with+独立主格结构形式来补充信息. 动词与介词的搭配是否得当,形容词与介词的搭配是否得当 如_上的45 题: Irrespective on its disadvantages, however, genetic engineering has proliferated swiftly. A. wit

22、h B. to C. of D. from 【解析】本题中划线部分的irrespective 是形容词,意思为不顾.无论,与无关,经常与介词of 搭配使用,故选C. 再如_上的50 题 An epigram is usually defined to be bright or witty thought that is tersely and ingeniously e_pressed. A. defined as B. defined being C. defined to being D. defined for being 【解析】本句是对epigram一词下定义,划线部分中define

23、意思为(给词.短语等)下定义,构成释义,是不及物动词,后面通常需要跟上介词as,且常使用被动语态,故选A. 上述内容大家学会了吗?面对考试相信大家都不可能无动于衷,没有人想自己考试失败,都是奔着成功而去.然而成功没那么简单,我们需要付出汗水与努力.在catti考试面前,沪江小编希望大家也能保持坚定的信念,积极备考,把自己的所学发挥出来. _年翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题 汉译英: 科技在中国发展中起到了第一生产力的作用,科技活力的迸发同样源于改革.Science and technology have served as the primary productive force in drivi

24、ng China s development. A robust scientific and technological sector would not be possible without reform. Reform has also unleashed the vitality of science and technology, which have served as the primary driving force behind Chinas robust development. 30多年来,我们不断深化科研机构改革,在加强基础研究的同时,让科技人员进入市场去拼搏.去创造

25、自己的价值,让科技企业在市场竞争中发展壮大,激发了市场和创新的活力. Over the past 30 years and more, we have deepened reform of science and technology institutions. While strengthening basic research, we have encouraged the scientific and technological personnel to compete in the market and create their own value. In this way, we h

26、ave developed and grown scientific and technological companies through market competition, and boosted the vigor of the market and innovation. We have been deepening the reform of research institutes over the past 30-odd years. While beefing up basic research, we have encouraged scientific staff to

27、create value on the market and enabled technology enterprises to grow and e_pand amid market competition. As a result, we have reenergized the market and spurred innovation. 我们强力推进改革,就是要减少对创新活动的干预,让想创业.能创新的人都有机会.可作为,形成大众创业.万众创新的局面. Through vigorous reform, we hope to reduce intervention in innovatio

28、n, so that everyone with the willingness and ability to create and innovate will have the chance to succeed, leading to a situation of entrepreneurship and innovation by all. We are vigorously advancing reforms to deregulate for innovation. We aim to spread opportunity to those entrepreneurial and i

29、nnovative minds so that mass entrepreneurship and innovation will become the norm. 我们还将建立全覆盖的社会保障和救助制度,这样创业创新者即使失败,也有一张安全网能够兜住底,使创新失败者反思后能够进行新的创业. We will also put in place social security and assistance systems covering the entire population so that all entrepreneurs and innovators will have a safe

30、ty net to fall back on if and when they fail, and those who fail in innovation may reflect on themselves and start new entrepreneurial endeavors. We will also put in place an all-inclusive social security and assistance system so that those who fail in their entrepreneurship and innovation endeavors

31、 still have something to fall back on and bounce back. _年翻译资格考试笔译二级测试题 汉译英: 以体制创新推动科技创新.创新创造关键在人. We will use institutional innovation to drive scientific and technological innovation. It is people who make innovations and create things. 要加快科技成果使用处置和收益管理改革,扩大股权和分红激励政策实施范围,We will speed up the reform to manage the use and commoditization of and the distribution of profit from scientific and technological advances of public institutions and e_tend the coverage of policies which allow fo