新概念二1012课知识点整理.docx

1、新概念二1012课知识点整理Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐 学习目标全解 必记单词jazz n. 爵士音乐musical adj. 音乐的instrument n. 乐器clavichord n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近damage v. 损坏key n. 琴键string n. 弦，细绳shock v. 使震惊allow v. 允许，让touch v. 触摸 常考短语be made in (a country) 产自于belong to 属于allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事a friend of my fathers 我

2、父亲的一个朋友 经典句型1. It is called a clavichord.2. It was made in Germany in 1681.3. It has belonged to our family for a long time.4. Recently it was damaged by a visitor.5. My father was shocked6. We are not allowed to touch it.7. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers. 重点语法 重点语法 重点语法一、被动语态被动语态结构为

3、：be+done 注意：1）被动语态的时态由be的变化来表示 2）只有动作是及物动词才能构成被动语态 3）强调动作是由什么人或什么东西而发出时，常用介词“by+行为发出者” 4）被动语态没有将来进行时态常出现的被动语态的各种时态形式如下：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amis doneareamis being donearehave been donehas过去was donewerewas being donewerehad been done将来shall be donewillshall have been donewill过去将来shouldbe donewouldshould hav

4、e been donewould例句：1.Our milk is delivered every morning. (一般现在时)2.A new bridge is being built outside my house by workers. (现在进行时)3.That boy has been punished by the headmaster. (现在完成时)二、名词的属格（一）名词所有格的构成1. 单数名词，在词尾加“s”:my sisters friend (我姐姐的朋友)2. 复数名词：1）不以-s或-es结尾的特殊变化的复数名词，在词尾加“s”The Childrens Da

5、y 儿童节2）以-s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“”构成所有格Her friends money 她朋友们的钱3. 复合名词在最后一个词的词尾加“s”my father-in-laws company 我岳父的公司4. 对于由and连接的并列名词，当表示共有的情况下，只需在最后一个名词词尾加“s”; 若表示各自所有，则需在每个名词词尾加“s”。比如：John and his wifes bank savings约翰和他妻子的共同存款（二）名词所有格的用法 1. 用于有生命的名词： 名词所有格“s”主要用来表示有生命的名词的所属关系，所以它通常用在姓名、人称、不定代词、集体名词、国家和高等动物等这样

6、的名词后面。如： 姓名：Marys brother 人称：my brothers car 不定代词：nobodys fault 集体名词：the partys decision 国家：Chinas exports and imports in January 动物：the horses mouth 2. 用于无生命的词： 名词所有格除了用于“有生命名词”，还可以用于“无生命名词”： 1）表示时间、距离： a months salary 一个月的薪水 2）表示重量、度量或价值等： two pounds weight 2磅的重量two dollars worth of sugar 两美元的糖 3）

7、表示国家、城市、国际组织、地理名词等： Chinas industrial development 中国的工业发展 Americas West Coast 美国西海岸 the Worlds seven wonders 世界七大奇迹 the suns ray 太阳光线 4）用于交通工具及其部件的所属关系： the planes engine 飞机的发动机 3. 省去名词的所有格： 1）若名词所有格所修饰的名词已经出现，则在第二次出现的所有格后的名词可省去，以避免重复。例如： This is my room and that is my sisters. 这是我的房间，那是我姐姐的。 2）在一些表

8、示店铺或教堂的名词的所有格后面可省去名词，此时所有格表示相应的场所，且一般要在所有格名词前加定冠词the。例如： at the chemists 在药店 at the dentists 在牙医诊所 3）在人名后的所有格省去名词时，表示某人的住宅。例： go to my sisters 去我姐姐家（三）of 属格的用法 一般来说，“of+名词”结构主要用于以下两种情形： 1. 表示无生命物体的名词的所有关系： the leg of the table 桌子腿 2. 当有生命名词后接短语或从句修饰时，也用of属格： The mother of the boy in a red suit is pr

9、esident of our company.那个男孩的妈妈穿着红色套装，是我们公司的总裁。（四）所有格的意义 所有格除了表示所属关系，还可以表示其他关系。 1. 主谓关系： the teachers request 老师的要求 the arrival of the train 火车到达 2. 动宾关系： the boys punishment = (somebody) punished the boy 对孩子的惩罚the criticism of the teacher 对老师的批评 教材全解 教材全解 教材全解1. It was made in Germany in 1681. 它是168

10、1年德国造的。make v. 生产；制造辨析： be made in, be made by, be made of, be made from, be made into, be made up of易混词 辨 析 例 句be made in产于某地These desks are made in Shanghai.这些桌子产于上海。be made by由制造This cake was made by my sister.这个蛋糕是我妹妹做的。be made of由某种材料制成（看得出材料）The ring is made of gold.这个戒指是黄金制成的。be made from由多种材

11、料混合制成（看不出单个材料）The wine is made from grapes.红酒是由葡萄制成的。be made into被制作成了成品This piece of cloth can be made into a dress.这块布能被制成一条连衣裙。be made up of由组成，构成（机构、团体等）The committee is made up of eleven members.委员会由11名成员组成。2. It has belonged to our family for a log time. 我们家有这件乐器已经很久了belong vi. 属于belong to sb.

12、 属于某人（belong是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，而且belong表示状态，所以也没有进行时态。它常用于一般现在时和一般过去时。）e.g. This house belongs to me and it belonged to my father ten years ago. 这座房子现在属于我，它十年前属于我父亲。3. Recently it was damaged by a visitor.它最近被一个客人弄坏了。damage v. & n. 损坏(1) v. 损坏e.g. The car was badly damaged in the accident. 那辆车在事故中被严重损坏

13、了。(2) n. 损害 The storm did great damage to the crops. 那场风暴对农作物造成了巨大损害。4. Now we are not allowed to touch it. 现在不许我们再动它。allow v. 允许allow sb. (not) to do sth. 允许某人（不）做某事e.g. The children are allowed to watch TV after school. 孩子们被允许在放学后看电视。 Smoking will not be allowed in public. 公共场合吸烟将被禁止。5. It is bein

14、g repaired by a friend of my fathers. 我父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。（1） “is being repaired”是现在进行时的被动语态，表示正被修理。（2）a friend of my fathers此短语中“-s”结构的所有格用于“of”结构之后，构成了双重所有格。双重所有格用来表示的所有关系是人，不是物。e.g. a friend of my fathers = one of my fathers friends (表示我父亲很多朋友中的一个) some pictures of Johns = some of Johns pictures(约翰的

15、许多照片中的一部分)a doll of hers = one of her dolls (她许多布娃娃中的一个)双重所有格还常用this, that, these和those修饰of短语前面的名词，表示爱、恨、褒、贬等情感。e.g. this son of mine 我这个儿子 that dog of Roberts 罗伯特的那条狗 those dirty hands of yours 你那肮脏的手Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来 学习目标全解必记单词turn n. 行为，举止deserve v. 应得到，值得lawyer n. 律师b

16、ank n. 银行salary n. 工资immediately adv. 立刻 常考短语one good turn deserves another 礼尚往来get a good salary 有一份很高的薪水borrowfrom 从借pay back 归还to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是pay for 付钱经典句型8. I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.9. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his frien

17、ds and never pays it back.10. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds.11. So now you can pay for my dinner.重点语法语法复习课1、频率副词的使用按频率大小排序：alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomnever例如:He is always up at 6:30. 他经常六点半起床。My father usually walks home. 我的父亲经常步行回家。Do you often go there? 你常去那里吗?Nev

18、er have I been there. 我从未去过那里。I sometimes watch TV in the evening. 我有时晚上看电视。2、一般过去时的用法表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago等。Gao Shan put the book on his head a moment ago. 高山刚刚把书放在头顶上了。They all went to the mountains yesterday morning. 昨天早晨，他们都去爬山了。表示过去的习惯性动作，句

19、中常带有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等状语。When I studied in the university, I read English every morning. 当我在大学学习的时候，我每天早上读英语。3、现在完成时的用法表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Would you like some bread? 你想要一些面包吗？-No, thanks. I have had my breakfast. 不，谢谢，我已经吃过早饭了。（对现在的影响：不饿）-Why dont you drive to your offi

20、ce? 你为什么不开车去办公室啊？-Because my car has broken. 因为我的车坏了。（对现在的影响：车没办法开了）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。He has studied English for 6 years. 他已经学习英语六年了。Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou. 自从从杭州回来，玛丽一直在忙。4、过去进行时过去完成时表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作或存在的状态。I was having a meeting at eight yesterday. 我昨天八点正在

21、开会。The students were reading books loudly when the the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候学生们正在读书。5、be made in, be made of和be made from的用法。1. be made of表示由制成, 一般指能够看出原材料，或发生的是物理变化。 The chair is made of wood. 椅子是木头做的。2. be made from也表示由制成，但一般指看不出原材料，或发生的是化学变化。Bread is made from corn. 面包是小麦做的。 3. be made in指的是产

22、地，意思为于制造。The caps are made in Russia. 这些帽子产于俄罗斯。 教材全解1. One good turn deserves another. 礼尚往来deserve v. 应得到、值得The poor child deserves a better home. 这个可怜的孩子应该有个更好的家。2. I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. 我正在一家饭馆吃饭，托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来。when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如

23、：When he came in, his mother was cooking. 当他进来的时候，他妈妈正在烧饭。When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在学校的时候，我们每天都会去图书馆。3. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. 他薪水很高，但是他总是跟他朋友借钱，而且从来不还。salary n. 薪水拓展：salary, wage, pay之间的区

24、别 salary 薪水、薪金，主要指脑力劳动者的工资，支付期间的间隔较长。She holds an office with a good salary. 她上班工资很高。 wage 工资、工钱，通常指给予体力劳动者的短期工作的报酬, 通常按周计算。 He works at a wage of 10 dollars a week. 他每周的工资是十美元。pay 工资、薪水，使用最为简单。它特指海陆空军人和在政府管理下工作人员的薪水，不可数名词。The workers went on strike for higher pay. 工人们为了高薪而罢工。 borrow v.“借进来”borrow s

25、th from sb 借某人某物He borrows many books from the library. 他从图书馆借了很多书。lend “借出去”lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He lent his friend the bike. = He lent the bike to his friend. 他把自行车借给了他朋友。 pay v.“付款”拓展：pay back 归还He paid the money money on time. 他按时还了钱。pay for 为付钱He paid for the meal. 这顿饭他付钱。pay off 还

26、掉He worked hard to pay off his debt. 他努力工作为了把债还掉。pay up 还清In the end, he paid up all the money he borrowed. 最终，他还清了所借的钱。4. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 令我惊讶的是，他马上就把钱给我了。to my surprise 令我惊讶的是拓展：to ones joy 令某人开心的是To her joy, she received a nice gift. 令她开心的是，她收到了一份很美的礼物。to ones sa

27、dness令某人伤心的是To his sadness, he lost his cell phone. 令他伤心的是，他把手机丢了。to ones disappointment令某人失望的是To his disappointment, he failed in the exam. 令他失望的是，他考试没过。immediately adv. 立刻、马上immediately=at once=right awayHe thought out the answer immediately/at once/right away. 他马上想出了答案。immediate adj. 立刻的、马上的We ne

28、ed immediate help. 我们需要即时的帮助。Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风 学习目标全解必记单词luck n. 运气，幸运captain n. 船长sail v. 航行harbour n. 港口proud adj. 自豪important adj. 重要的 常考短语sail from sp. 从某地起航at the harbour 在港口early in the morning 一大早set out 出发plenty of time 充裕的时间say goodbye to sb. 和某人告别be proud of sb. 为某人感到

29、自豪take in part in 参加经典句型12. We will meet him at the harbour early in the morning.13. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times.14. Captain Alison will set out at eight oclock, so we will have plenty of time.15. We will see his boat and then we will say goodbye to him.16. He will be away for two months.17. We are very proud of him.18. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.重点语法一般将来时肯定式: 主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式: 主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式: Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+shall/will . (否) No,主语+shall/will+not 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常