1、考研英语二真题及答案2013全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题MBA, MPA, MPAcc 专业硕士统一考试Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)(本题答案在题号后)Given the advantage of electronic money, you might think that we should m
2、ove quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. _1 However , a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2around_ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electr
3、onic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very 3.concept of money itself,” only to 4.reverse itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5.slow in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on p
4、aper, several factors work 6.against the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7.expensive to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8.dominant form of payment.Second, electronic means of payment 14.raise security and p
5、rivacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15.stored there.Because this is not an 16.uncommon occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 1
6、7.steal funds by moving them from someone elses accounts into their own. The 18.prevention of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to 19.cope with security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electr
7、onic 20.trail that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits.1. A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise2. A off B back C over D around3. A power B concept C history D role4. A reward B resist C resume D reverse5. A silent B sudden C slow D steady6. A for B against Cwith D on7. A
8、 imaginative B expensive C sensitive D productive8. A similar B original C temporary D dominant9. A collect B provide C copy D print10. A give up B take over C bring back D pass down11. A before B after C since D when12. A kept B borrowed C released D withdrawn13. A Unless B Until C Because D Though
9、14. A hide B express C raise Dease15. A analyzed B shared C stored D displayed16. A unsafe B unnatural C uncommon D unclear17. A steal B choose C benefit D return18. A consideration B prevention C manipulation D justification19. A cope with B fight against C adapt to D call for20. A chunk B chip C p
10、ath D trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the autho
11、r Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidsons article is one of
12、 a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the quantum advances in both global
13、ization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just wont earn y
14、ou what it used to. It cant when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra their unique value contribution that makes them stand o
15、ut in whatever is their field of employment. Average is over.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. As they say, if horses could have voted, there never would have been cars. But theres been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factori
16、es shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs about 6 million in total disappeared.”And you aint seen nothin yet. Last April, Annie Lowrey of Slate wrote about a start-up called “E la Carte” that is out to sh
17、rink the need for waiters and waitresses: The company “has produced a kind of souped-up iPad that lets you order and pay right at your table. The brainchild of a bunch of M.I.T. engineers, the nifty invention, known as the Presto, might be found at a restaurant near you soon. . You select what you w
18、ant to eat and add items to a cart. Depending on the restaurants preferences, the console could show you nutritional information, ingredients lists and photographs. You can make special requests, like dressing on the side or quintuple bacon. When youre done, the order zings over to the kitchen, and
19、the Presto tells you how long it will take for your items to come out. . Bored with your companions? Play games on the machine. When youre through with your meal, you pay on the console, splitting the bill item by item if you wish and paying however you want. And you can have your receipt e-mailed t
20、o you. . Each console goes for $100 per month. If a restaurant serves meals eight hours a day, seven days a week, it works out to 42 cents per hour per table making the Presto cheaper than even the very cheapest waiter.”What the iPad wont do in an above average way a Chinese worker will. Consider th
21、is paragraph from Sundays terrific article in The Times by Charles Duhigg and Keith Bradsher about why Apple does so much of its manufacturing in China: “Apple had redesigned the iPhones screen at the last minute, forcing an assembly-line overhaul. New screens began arriving at the Chinese plant nea
22、r midnight. A foreman immediately roused 8,000 workers inside the companys dormitories, according to the executive. Each employee was given a biscuit and a cup of tea, guided to a workstation and within half an hour started a 12-hour shift fitting glass screens into beveled frames. Within 96 hours,
23、the plant was producing over 10,000 iPhones a day. The speed and flexibility is breathtaking, the executive said. Theres no American plant that can match that. ”And automation is not just coming to manufacturing, explains Curtis Carlson, the chief executive of SRI International, a Silicon Valley ide
24、a lab that invented the Apple iPhone program known as Siri, the digital personal assistant. “Siri is the beginning of a huge transformation in how we interact with banks, insurance companies, retail stores, health care providers, information retrieval services and product services.”There will always
25、 be change new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average. Here are the latest unemployment rates from t
26、he Bureau of Labor Statistics for Americans over 25 years old: those with less than a high school degree, 13.8 percent; those with a high school degree and no college, 8.7 percent; those with some college or associate degree, 7.7 percent; and those with bachelors degree or higher, 4.1 percent.In a w
27、orld where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is use
28、d to illustrate_A the impact of technological advancesB the alleviation of job pressureC the shrinkage of textile millsD the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_A work on cheap softwareB ask for a moderate salaryC adopt an average life
29、styleD contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _A gains of technology have been erasedB job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC factories are making much less money than beforeD new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduc
30、e unemployment, the most important is_A to accelerate the I.T. revolutionB to ensure more education for peopleC ro advance economic globalizationD to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes EffectB Technology Goes
31、 CheapC Average Is OverD Recession Is BadText 2Imagine a new immigration policyA century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, fo
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