TED英语演讲减肥怎么就你坚持不下去doc.docx

1、TED英语演讲减肥怎么就你坚持不下去docTED英语演讲：减肥怎么就你坚持不下去为何有些人在减肥这件事上比别人更苦恼?社会心理学家Emily为我们展示了她的研究，揭示了众多原因之一：视觉。在这个启发性的演讲中，她展示了在健身这件事上，为何有些人眼中的世界就是和别人不一样也提供了一个格外简单的办法来克服这些难题。下面是我为大家收集关于TED英语演讲：减肥怎么就你坚持不下去，欢迎借鉴参考。演说者：Emily Balcetis演说题目：减肥，怎么就你坚持不下去?中英对照演讲稿Vision is the most important and prioritized sense that we have

2、. We are constantly looking at the world around us, and quickly we identify and make sense of what it is that we see.视觉是我们所有感觉中最重要和最优先的。我们在不停地注视着周围的一切，并且快速的识别和分析我们所看到的事物。Lets just start with an example of that very fact. Im going to show you a photograph of a person, just for a second or two, and Id

3、 like for you to identify what emotion is on his face. Ready? Here you go. Go with your gut reaction. Okay. What did you see?让我先举一个例子来说明这个事实。我会让你们花几秒钟时间来观看一个人的照片，并且请你们辨别出这个人的表情所代表的情绪。准备好了吗?就是这张，跟随你们的第一感觉，好了，你们看到了什么?事实上我们调查了一百二十多个人，而调查结果很复杂。人们在所看到的情绪上面并没有达成共识。Well, we actually surveyed over 120 indiv

4、iduals, and the results were mixed. People did not agree on what emotion they saw on his face. Maybe you saw discomfort. That was the most frequent response that we received.可能你看到了不安，这是我们收到的最常见的回答。但是如果你问问你左边的人，他们也许会说是遗憾或者怀疑。But if you asked the person on your left, they might have said regret or ske

5、pticism, and if you asked somebody on your right, they might have said something entirely different, like hope or empathy. So we are all looking at the very same face again.We might see something entirely different, because perception is subjective. What we think we see is actually filtered through

6、our own minds eye.如果问的是右边的人，他们的回答可能又完全不同，比如说希望或者同情。那么我们现在再回到这张照片。我们可能会看到完全不同的东西。因为感觉是主观的，我们认为自己所看到的东西事实上是经过我们思维的视角过滤过的。Of course, there are many other examples of how we see the world through own minds eye. Im going to give you just a few. So dieters, for instance, see apples as larger than people w

7、ho are not counting calories. Softball players see the ball as smaller if theyve just come out of a slump, compared to people who had a hot night at the plate. And actually, our political beliefs also can affect the way we see other people, including politicians.当然，还有很多其他例子能证明我们是如何通过主观思维的视角观察世界的。再举几

8、个这样的例子。比如说，节食者眼中的苹果会比不节食的人眼中的更大。当垒球运动员从他的低迷状态中恢复的时候，相比起那些手感火热的运动员会感觉球更小。事实上，我们的政治信仰也会影响我们观察其他人，包括政治家。So my research team and I decided to test this question. In 20xx, Barack Obama was running for president for the very first time, and we surveyed hundreds of Americans one month before the election.

9、What we found in this survey was that some people, some Americans, think photographs like these best reflect how Obama really looks.所以我和我的研究团队决定探索这个问题。在20xx年，巴拉克-奥巴马正在第一次竞选总统。我们在选举开始前一个月，调查了几百名美国人。研究表明一些人，一些美国公民认为这样的照片展现了奥巴马最真实的一面。Of these people, 75 percent voted for Obama in the actual election. O

10、ther people, though, thought photographs like these best reflect how Obama really looks. 89 percent of these people voted for McCain.这些人中的75%在选举中投票给了奥巴马。但是其他的人认为在这些照片中奥巴马看起来更真实，他们中的89%投票给了麦凯恩。We presented many photographs of Obama one at a time, so people did not realize that what we were changing f

11、rom one photograph to the next was whether we had artificially lightened or darkened his skin tone.我们把许多奥巴马的照片每次逐张地展示，所以人们并没有意识到，在这些照片中我们只是人为地调亮或调暗了他的肤色。So how is that possible? How could it be that when I look at a person, an object, or an event, I see something very different than somebody else do

12、es? Well, the reasons are many, but one reason requires that we understand a little bit more about how our eyes work. So vision scientists know that the amount of information that we can see at any given point in time, what we can focus on, is actually relatively small.那么这是为什么呢?为什么当我观察一个人，一个物体或一个事件的

13、时候，我所看到的与其他人非常不同呢?原因有很多。其中的一个要求我们了解一些眼睛的工作原理。视觉科学家们知道我们的视觉在任意给定时刻所掌握的信息量，我们所能聚焦的范围其实是很少的。What we can see with great sharpness and clarity and accuracy is the equivalent of the surface area of our thumb on our outstretched arm. Everything else around that is blurry, rendering much of what is presente

14、d to our eyes as ambiguous.我们在保证较高的锐利度，清晰度和准确度下所能看到的范围，等同于把胳膊伸直时大拇指那么大，这片区域周围的一切都是模糊的，导致大部分呈现在眼中的事物都是模糊的。But we have to clarify and make sense of what it is that we see,and its our mind that helps us fill in that gap. As a result, perception is a subjective experience, and thats how we end up seeing

15、 through our own minds eye.但是我们必须进行辨认，以识别出我们看到的是什么。这时大脑就会帮助我们填补缺失的信息，结果就是，感觉变得很主观，这就是我们如何通过思维的视角进行观察的。So, Im a social psychologist, and its questions like these that really intrigue me. I am fascinated by those times when people do not see eye to eye. Why is it that somebody might literally see the

16、glass as half full, and somebody literally sees it as half empty?我是一个社会心理学家，所以这样的问题会让我非常感兴趣。每当人们看到的东西不一样时，我都会觉得非常有趣。为什么有的人看一个杯子会认为它是半满的?而另一些人会把它当成半空的?What is it about what one person is thinking and feeling that leads them to see the world in an entirely different way? And does that even matter? So

17、to begin to tackle these questions, my research team and I decided to delve deeply into an issue that has received international attention: our health and fitness.到底是什么使得一个人所看到和感觉到的让他们从完全不同的角度观察这个世界呢?这真的很重要吗?那么为了回答这个问题，我和我的研究团队决定更加深入研究一个引起了国际关注的问题：我们的健康和健身。Across the world, people are struggling to

18、manage their weight, and there is a variety of strategies that we have to help us keep the pounds off. For instance, we set the best of intentions to exercise after the holidays, but actually, the majority of Americans find that their New Years resolutions are broken by Valentines Day. We talk to ou

19、rselves in very encouraging ways, telling ourselves this is our year to get back into shape, but that is not enough to bring us back to our ideal weight.全世界的人都在为了控制体重而奋斗。并且有许多不同的方式可以帮助我们减轻体重。例如我们会寄希望于在节假日之后进行锻炼。但事实上，大部分美国人都会遗憾的发现他们的新年变革之梦在情人节的时候就磨灭了。我们会告诉自己并鼓励自己说，今年就是我们成功恢复体型的时候。但是这并不足以使我们真的恢复理想体重。S

20、o why? Of course, there is no simple answer, but one reason, I argue, is that our minds eye might work against us. Some people may literally see exercise as more difficult, and some people might literally see exercise as easier.那么为什么呢?当然了，答案很复杂。但是我认为，其中一个原因，是我们的思维视角可能会阻碍我们的努力。有些人可能会认为锻炼是个相当困难的过程，而有些

21、人则会认为它其实很容易。So, as a first step to testing these questions, we gathered objective measurements of individuals physical fitness. We measured the circumference of their waist, compared to the circumference of their hips. A higher waist-to-hip ratio is an indicator of being less physically fit than a l

22、ower waist-to-hip ratio.After gathering these measurements, we told our participants that they would walk to a finish line while carrying extra weight in a sort of race.所以，为了解决这些问题，首先我们为人们的体型状况找出了客观的生理指标。我们测量了他们的腰围，并将之与他们的臀围做对比。较高的腰臀比与较低的腰臀比相比，健康状况更不理想。得到了这些测量数据之后，我们要求我们的研究对象带着负重走向一条终点线，就像赛跑那样。But b

23、efore they did that, we asked them to estimate the distanceto the finish line. We thought that the physical states of their body might change how they perceived the distance. So what did we find? Well, waist-to-hip ratio predicted perceptions of distance.但是在他们开始之前，我们让他们估计到终点线的距离。我们认为他们的身体状况可能会影响他们对距

24、离的估计。我们发现了什么呢?事实上，腰臀比预示了他们对距离的估测。People who were out of shape and unfit actually saw the distance to the finish line as significantly greater than people who were in better shape. Peoples states of their own body changed how they perceived the environment. But so too can our mind. In fact, our bodie

25、s and our minds work in tandem to change how we see the world around us.与体型状况更好的人相比那些身材走型的人，会认为到终点的距离更远。人们的身体状况影响了他们观察环境的方式。但我们的大脑也可以。事实上，我们的身体和大脑会共同影响我们对世界的观察。That led us to think that maybe people with strong motivations and strong goals to exercise might actually see the finish line as closer tha

26、n people who have weaker motivations. So to test whether motivations affect our perceptual experiences in this way, we conducted a second study. Again, we gathered objective measurements of peoples physical fitness, measuring the circumference of their waist and the circumference of their hips, and

27、we had them do a few other tests of fitness.这使得我们想到或许那些有强烈动机去运动的人们，相比起动机较弱的人们会认为终点线更近。所以为了测试动机是否会这样影响我们的观察，我们进行了第二项研究。我们又一次收集了人们体型状况的测量数据，包括了他们的腰围和臀围，我们还让他们做了其他健康状况的测试。Based on feedback that we gave them, some of our participants told us theyre not motivated to exercise any more.They felt like they

28、already met their fitness goals and they werent going to do anything else. These people were not motivated. Other people, though, based on our feedback, told us they were highly motivated to exercise. They had a strong goal to make it to the finish line. But again, before we had them walk to the fin

29、ish line, we had them estimate the distance. How far away was the finish line?基于我们的反馈，一些研究参与者告诉我们，他们没有继续锻炼的动力了。他们感觉已经达到了健康目标，不想继续锻炼下去了。这些人是没有动机的人。但是另一些人基于我们的反馈，告诉我们他们非常想要继续锻炼。他们想要到达终点的目的性很强。但是在他们开始走向终点线之前，我们又要求他们估计到终点的距离，他们到终点的距离有多远呢?And again, like the previous study, we found that waist-to-hip rat

30、io predicted perceptions of distance. Unfit individuals saw the distance as farther, saw the finish line as farther away, than people who were in better shape. Importantly, though, this only happened for people who were not motivated to exercise.再一次，就像之前的研究那样，我们发现腰臀比预示了他们对距离的估测。体型较差的人相比体型较好的来说，认为到终点

31、的距离更远。重要的是，这个现象只发生在那些没有强烈的运动动机的人中间。On the other hand, people who were highly motivated to exercise saw the distance as short. Even the most out of shape individuals saw the finish line as just as close, if not slightly closer, than people who were in better shape.另一方面，运动动机很强烈的人，认为到终点的距离很近。甚至他们中最胖的人看

32、待终点线也是一样近，甚至会比其他身材更好的人还要近一点。So our bodies can change how far away that finish line looks, but people who had committed to a manageable goal that they could accomplish in the near future and who believed that they were capableof meeting that goal actually saw the exercise as easier. That led us to wonder, is there a strategy that we could use and teach people that would help change their perceptions of the distance, help them make exercise look easier?也就是说我们的身体，可以改变终点看起来的距离，