高考高三英语二轮复习语法专项之定语从句.docx

1、高考高三英语二轮复习语法专项之定语从句定语从句一考情分析，命题探究2015-2019年定语从句考情一览表题型20192018201720162015语法填空01111011110110改错00110000100000纵观近五年全国卷高考试题，定语从句仍是近五年高考考查热点。对定语从句的考查主要集中在对关系代词、关系副词的的选用及判断以及非限制性定语从句的考查上。二真体演练，品味高考1. (2019全国卷) They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.

2、2. (2019全国卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,which she opened with her late husband Les. 3. (2019全国卷) (改错) In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment which is created for them.4. (2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review a

3、lso made a study published in 2014,which showed a mere five to 10. minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.5.(2018全国卷) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing programthat/whichgives spe

4、cific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7. 7 million tons.6. (2018全国卷) (改错) They also had a small pondin which/where they raised fish.7. (2017全国卷) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,which is not good for the health. 8.(2017全国卷) (改错)In their

5、 spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.9. (2017全国卷) (改错) Around me in the picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time.10. (2017全国卷) But sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants

6、to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 11.(2016全国卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius who lived from roughly 551- to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.12. (2016全国卷) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, wh

7、en I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 13. (2015全国卷) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so ma

8、ny Chinese paintings.14.(2019江苏卷)We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.15.(2019天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.16.(2018江苏卷)Selfdriving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same star

9、ting line.17.(2018北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.18. (2017北京卷)The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.19.(2017天津卷)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.20.(201

10、7江苏卷)In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.21.(2017浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrots leafy top accid

11、entally sprouted (生长) through it.22(2019北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources23.(2019浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dar

12、k.三.考点总结，查漏补缺知识点一：定语及定语从句翻译句子,画出句子的定语成分。The girl behind the tree is kate.The girl who is behind the tree is kate.The man driving too fast was a drunk.The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.Most of the people who were invited to the

13、 party were from South Africa.You need someone to look after you. You need someone who can look after you.She has a garden much larger than yours.She has a garden which is much larger than yours.小结: 定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

14、头系代词有that, which,who, whom, whose 等; 关系副词有when, where, why 等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：引号定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如: The women who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.该句中, who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.是定语从句,修饰先行词 the women,who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the women,在定语从句中作主语。知识点二：关系代词引

15、导的定语从句翻译句子,画出定语从句,圈出关系词并分析其功能 。Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.I like those books whose topics are about history.Football is a game which is liked by most boys. He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as

16、 I lost yesterday. The film( which/that ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.总结： 关系词类别关系词先行词充当从句中的句子成分关系代词who人主，宾，表whom人宾which物主，宾，表that人或物主，宾，表as人或物主，宾，表whose人或物定注意：定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人时可以用who/whom）1. 当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：This is the best film that I have ever seen

17、. 2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little,much等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 3. 当先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last修饰时。如：After the fire in his house, the old car is the only

18、 thing that he owns. 4. 当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?5. 当先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. 知识点三：关系副词引导的定语从句翻译句子,画出定语从句,圈出关系词并分析其功能 。China is the only Cuntry where wild p

19、andas can be found.I still remember the time when I lived in the countryside.Do you know the reason why he is absent?关系词类别关系词先行词充当从句中的句子成分关系副词where地点状when时间状whyreason状Ex:a. She wont forget the days that/which/she spent on the islands.She wont forget the days _when_ they stayed together.b. The teache

20、r didnt know the reason why she was absent yesterday.The tearcher couldnt accept the reason that/ which/she explained yesterday.c. This is the parkthat/ which/ we visited last year.This is the park where we held a birthday party.总结:1.关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作_主语、宾语_、定语_。关系副词在定语从句中作_状语_。2.如何选用定语从句的关系词(

21、1)首先分清主句和从句。(2)确定定语从句修饰的先行词,指人还是指物。(3)(代入法)把先行词带回到定语从句中去,看其在定语从句中所做成分(主语,宾语,定语或状语)(4)若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词,若在从句中做状语_,则选择关系副词。知识点四：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。Ex: The service about that the students complain a lot should be improved.(改错)

22、He is a library assistant from who I borrowed some books. (改错)代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。I live in a room whose windows are all broken.=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken

23、.This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.关系副词when, where, why可以相应地转化为 介词+ which结构。 This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day when/on whic

24、h you joined our club?I dont know the reason why /for which _he said so.介词关系代词引导的定语从句前常有不定代词some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one等修饰。He loves his parents deeply,both of whom （他们俩）are very kind to him. Up to now, he has written ten stories,three of which

25、 （其中本）are about country life. 介词关系代词引导的定语从句中，介词的确定常常遵循以下三原则1.介词与先行词的关系2.从句谓语动词的搭配3.整个句子表达的意思。简称“一先，二动，三意义”。This is the car which I bought last year.This is the car for which I paid 100$.This is the car on which I spent 100$.This is the car in which I go to work every day.This is the car without whic

26、h I cant go to work.This is the car by which the old woman was knocked down.This is the car at which a boy threw a stone.This is the car about which we talked.This is the car of which the window was broken.6.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are loo

27、king for.The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.知识点五：非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别观察以下句子，完成下列表格。限制性定语从句：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句：China, which was founded in 1949, is becom

28、ing more and more powerful. Last summer I visited Great Hall of the people, in which many important meetings are held every year.He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us.总结：区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开与主句之间有逗号隔开功能对先行词进行限定、修饰。如果省去从句部分剩余部分意义便不完整、不明确对先行词作附加说明。去掉后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整、明确先行词名词、代词或名词词组名词、名词词

29、组或整个主句引导词所有关系词除that 和 why之外的关系词翻译先译从句再译先行词主句从句分别翻译2.As 与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只放在主句的后面位置灵活,可放在主句之前、之后或中间搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see, hear, know, expect,remember等意思上意为“这一点”意为“正如，正像.的那样”Ex: AS is often the case, Girls like dolls while boys like guns.Jack has won the first prize, as it ofte

30、n happens.He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.知识点六：定语从句用法的其他注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不可省略。 Do you know the girl is talking with your mother?(误) The boy you saw just now is Toms brother.(正)2.定语从句中谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.3.当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wed