人教版必修四Unit 2 Working the land 4 Section Ⅳ Grammar.docx

1、人教版必修四Unit 2 Working the land 4 Section GrammarSection Grammar动词ing形式作主语和宾语1(教材P10)Since then, finding(find) ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.2(教材P10)As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing(increase) the rice output.3(教材P10)Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice

2、harvests without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.4(教材P10)He enjoys listening(listen) to violin music, playing(play) mahjong, swimming(swim) and reading(read)5(教材P10)He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing(produce) a kind of rice that could feed more people.6It is no use arguing(a

3、rgue) with him about such a matter.概念：动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词ing形式的时态和语态：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。动词ing形式作主语1动词ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。Saying is one thing, and doing is another.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。

4、Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。To lie to her is wrong.对她撒谎不对。(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。【即时演练1】单句语法填空(2019天津卷)Learning(learn) to think critically(批判性地) is an important skill todays children

5、 will need for the future.Attending(attend) the party last night made Alice very excited.Marys being(be) late for class this morning made the teacher angry.2形式主语it代替动词ing形式作主语。此类句式常见的有：It is a waste of time doing. 做是浪费时间的。It is no good/use doing. 做是没用的。It is worthwhile doing. 做是值得的。It is useless doi

6、ng. 做没有用。It is no fun doing. 做没有乐趣。It is no good/use regretting for the past.悔恨过去是没用的。It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。【即时演练2】单句语法填空It is a waste of time trying(try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.It is worthwhile reading(read) such a wonderful

7、 novel.Its no use complaining(complain) without taking action.动词ing形式作宾语1作动词的宾语常接动词ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, cant help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)Would yo

8、u mind opening the window?你介意打开窗子吗？I dont like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2作动词短语的宾语常见的跟动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel li

9、ke, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。【即时演练3】单句语法填空/完成句子I will be careful to avoid making(make) the same mistakes in my study.While going shopping, people sometimes cant help being_persuaded(persuade) into buying something they

10、 dont need.The boy was lucky to escape being_punished(punish)We dont allow diving(dive) in the pool.这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。It is very useful for someone who is trying to give_up_smoking我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。I have never dreamed_of_visiting_that_place3在有些动词的后面，如start, begin, continue等，既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。They

11、 continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过。4在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。He preferred staying at home when it rained.下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示“今天下午留在家里”这一具体的动作。)【

12、即时演练4】单句语法填空He likes swimming but he doesnt like to_swim this afternoon. (swim)5有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词宾语的形式意义forgetto do忘记做doing忘记做过rememberto do记着要去做doing记得做过regretto do遗憾/抱歉要做doing后悔做了tryto do尽力做doing尝试做meanto do打算做doing意味着go onto do接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)stopto do停下来去做某事doing停止

13、做某事Please remember to give my best regards to your family.请记着代我向你的家人问好。I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。【即时演练5】单句语法填空I mean to_change(change) it for another one.(安徽卷)I remembered to_lock(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to_turn(turn) off the

14、lights.I regret to_tell(tell) you that my sister regrets making(make) you her date. You are not the kind of person she wants.6下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve doingneed/want/require/deserve to be doneThe bike needs repairing/to be repaired.这辆自行车需要修一下。【即时演练6】一句多译这个问题值得讨论

15、。The_question_deserves_discussing.The_question_deserves_to_be_discussed.这个窗户需要清扫了。The_window_needs/requires/wants_cleaning.The_window_needs/requires/wants_to_be_cleaned.动词ing形式的否定形式动词ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时 not应放在逻辑主语和动词ing形式之间。You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not ha

16、ving finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。【即时演练7】完成句子Excuse me for my_not_coming_on_time(我没能按时来)Im sorry for not_having_kept_my_promise(没有遵守我的承诺)动词ing形式的复合结构动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：(1)形容词性物主代词动词ing(2)名词s动词ing(3)代词宾格动词ing(4)名词动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓

17、舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？(1)动词ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用(3)(4)两种形式。(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第(2)种形式。Toms winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/

18、me/Jacks/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？【即时演练8】用动词ing形式的复合结构完成句子他父亲病了，使他很担心。His_fathers_being_ill made him worried.你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your_being_right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。We are looking forward to Jay_Chous/Jay_Chou_coming to give us a vocal concert. 单句语法填空1Dana admit

19、ted feeling(feel) hurt by what I had said.2The teacher was quite angry for your being(be) late this morning.3I gave up trying(try) to persuade him to continue with his studies.4Joan suggested asking(ask) her father for his opinion on the matter.5When the boss came in, everyone stopped talking(talk)

20、and looked at him.6I want to avoid speaking(speak) to him until Ive got more details.7She imagined herself sitting(sit) in her favourite armchair back home.8Knowing(know) basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.9Hearing(hear) how others react to the book you have just

21、read creates an added pleasure.10Laura dislikes being(be) with children so she doesnt plan to be a primary school teacher. 对比填空1(1)I remember seeing(see) her before, but I cant remember when it was.(2)You must remember to_tell(tell) Jackson the news tonight.2(1)Dont forget to_turn(turn) off all the

22、lights when you leave the classroom.(2)I will never forget finding(find) that rare coin in my garden last year.3(1)I didnt mean to_visit(visit) him yesterday afternoon.(2)Giving up your plan means losing(lose) a large amount of money.4(1)Sorry, I cant help (to)_paint(paint) the wall this weekend.(2)

23、All the kids couldnt help laughing(laugh) at the joke.5(1)The little boy stopped crying(cry) when he saw the new toy car and began to play with it happily.(2)She felt thirsty, so she stopped to_get(get) a drink of water. 单句改错1Mr.Zhang devotes himself to help those poor children continue with their e

24、ducation.helphelping2Little Alice looked forward to stay with her grandparents in the countryside in summer.staystaying3I think it is no pleasure watch the football match at home alone.watchwatching4In Chinese culture, point at others with a finger is considered to be impolite.pointpointing5Every ti

25、me she thought of the past days, she couldnt help smile.smilesmiling 语法与写作1拥有朋友意味着你有谈话的人，所以你不会感到孤独和沮丧。Having_friends_means_that_you_can_have_someone_to_talk_to so that you dont feel lonely and depressed.2很多人都建议制定更多的规则以保护动物权益。Many people have suggested setting_up_more_rules to protect animal rights.3

26、在海边度假很有趣。Its fun spending_the_holiday at the beach.4我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。We are busy preparing_for_the_coming_exam5那两个违反校规的学生很幸运没有受到惩罚。The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to escape_being_punished 单句语法填空1Talking(talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.2Swimming

27、(swim) is not only good exercise but also a very useful skill.3It is no pleasure staying(stay) at home doing homework all day.4My father suggested reading(read) more books in my spare time.5To avoid being_seen(see) by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.6The girl stopped runn

28、ing(run) and picked up a wallet from the ground.7Mr. Lee devoted many years to improving(improve) the system.8Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in making(make) friends.9To_get(get) the position, she devoted herself to managing to complete mountains of extra work.10The couple

29、 were glad to have the opportunity to visit Montreal and didnt regret taking(take) the trip.11The employee who had a high fever finally agreed to_ask(ask) permission for a half days leave to have a good rest.12I still remember being_invited(invite) to dinner in Kittys house when I was only five year

30、s old. 阅读理解The oldest desert(沙漠) in the world is in Namibia (a country in Africa). The desert is called the Namib Desert. This desert is believed to be nearly 40 million years old! It is truly an ancient desert.The Namib Desert has some of the worlds biggest sand dunes(沙丘). The dunes tower high into the sky. One dune, called “Big Daddy”， is almost 1，200 feet (365 meters) high! This means “Big Daddy” is bigger than a 100story building! People can cl