最新普格尔国际金融课后答案.docx

1、最新普格尔国际金融课后答案Suggested Answer for International FinanceChap 22. Disagree, at least as a general statement. One meaning of a current account surplus is that the country is exporting more goods and services than it is importing. One might easily judge that this is not goodthe country is producing good

2、s and services that are exported, but the country is not at the same time getting the imports of goods and services that would allow it do more consumption and domestic investment. In this way a current account deficit might be considered goodthe extra imports allow the country to consume and invest

3、 domestically more than the value of its current production. Another meaning of a current account surplus is that the country is engaging in foreign financial investmentit is building up its claims on foreigners, and this adds to national wealth. This sounds good, but as noted above it comes at the

4、cost of foregoing current domestic purchases of goods and services. A current account deficit is the country running down its claims on foreigners or increasing its indebtedness to foreigners. This sounds bad, but it comes with the benefit of higher levels of current domestic expenditure. Different

5、countries at different times may weigh the balance of these costs and benefits differently, so that we cannot simply say that a current account surplus is better than a current account deficit.4. Disagree. If the country has a surplus (a positive value) for its official settlements balance, then the

6、 value for its official reserves balance must be a negative value of the same amount (so that the two add to zero). A negative value for this asset item means that funds are flowing out in order for the country to acquire more of these kinds of assets. Thus, the country is increasing its holdings of

7、 official reserve assets.6. Item e is a transaction in which foreign official holdings of U.S. assets increase. This is a positive (credit) item for official reserve assets and a negative (debit) item for private capital flows as the U.S. bank acquires pound bank deposits. The debit item contributes

8、 to a U.S. deficit in the official settlements balance (while the credit item is recorded below the line, permitting the official settlements balance to be in deficit). All other transactions involve debit and credit items both of which are included in the official settlements balance, so that they

9、do not directly contribute to a deficit (or surplus) in the official settlements balance.8. a. Merchandise trade balance: $330 - 198 = $132 Goods and services balance: $330 - 198 + 196 - 204 = $124 Current account balance: $330 - 198 + 196 - 204 + 3 - 8 = $119 Official settlements balance: $330 - 19

10、8 + 196 - 204 + 3 - 8 + 102 - 202 + 4 = $23 b. Change in official reserve assets (net) = - official settlements balance = -$23. The country is increasing its net holdings of official reserve assets.10. a. International investment position (billions): $30 + 20 + 15 - 40 - 25 = $0. The country is neit

11、her an international creditor nor a debtor. Its holding of international assets equals its liabilities to foreigners. b. A current account surplus permits the country to add to its net claims on foreigners. For this reason the countrys international investment position will become a positive value.

12、The flow increase in net foreign assets results in the stock of net foreign assets becoming positive.Chap 32. Exports of merchandise and services result in supply of foreign currency in the foreign exchange market. Domestic sellers often want to be paid using domestic currency, while the foreign buy

13、ers want to pay in their currency. In the process of paying for these exports, foreign currency is exchanged for domestic currency, creating supply of foreign currency. International capital inflows result in a supply of foreign currency in the foreign exchange market. In making investments in domes

14、tic financial assets, foreign investors often start with foreign currency and must exchange it for domestic currency before they can buy the domestic assets. The exchange creates a supply of foreign currency. Sales of foreign financial assets that the countrys residents had previously acquired, and

15、borrowing from foreigners by this countrys residents are other forms of capital inflow that can create supply of foreign currency.4. The U.S. firm obtains a quotation from its bank on the spot exchange rate for buying yen with dollars. If the rate is acceptable, the firm instructs its bank that it w

16、ants to use dollars from its dollar checking account to buy 1 million yen at this spot exchange rate. It also instructs its bank to send the yen to the bank account of the Japanese firm. To carry out this instruction, the U.S. bank instructs its correspondent bank in Japan to take 1 million yen from

17、 its account at the correspondent bank and transfer the yen to the bank account of the Japanese firm. (The U.S. bank could also use yen at its own branch if it has a branch in Japan.)6. The trader would seek out the best quoted spot rate for buying euros with dollars, either through direct contact w

18、ith traders at other banks or by using the services of a foreign exchange broker. The trader would use the best rate to buy euro spot. Sometime in the next hour or so (or, typically at least by the end of the day), the trader will enter the interbank market again, to obtain the best quoted spot rate

19、 for selling euros for dollars. The trader will use the best spot rate to sell her previously acquired euros. If the spot value of the euro has risen during this short time, the trader makes a profit.8. a. The cross rate between the yen and the krone is too high (the yen value of the krone is too hi

20、gh) relative to the dollar-foreign currency exchange rates. Thus, in a profitable triangular arbitrage, you want to sell kroner at the high cross rate. The arbitrage will be: Use dollars to buy kroner at $0.20/krone, use these kroner to buy yen at 25 yen/krone, and use the yen to buy dollars at $0.0

21、1/yen. For each dollar that you sell initially, you can obtain 5 kroner, these 5 kroner can obtain 125 yen, and the 125 yen can obtain $1.25. The arbitrage profit for each dollar is therefore 25 cents. b. Selling kroner to buy yen puts downward pressure on the cross rate (the yen price of krone). Th

22、e value of the cross rate must fall to 20 (=0.20/0.01) yen/krone to eliminate the opportunity for triangular arbitrage, assuming that the dollar exchange rates are unchanged.10. a. The increase in supply of Swiss francs puts downward pressure on the exchange-rate value ($/SFr) of the franc. The mone

23、tary authorities must intervene to defend the fixed exchange rate by buying SFr and selling dollars. b. The increase in supply of francs puts downward pressure on the exchange-rate value ($/SFr) of the franc. The monetary authorities must intervene to defend the fixed exchange rate by buying SFr and

24、 selling dollars. c. The increase in supply of francs puts downward pressure on the exchange-rate value ($/SFr) of the franc. The monetary authorities must intervene to defend the fixed exchange rate by buying SFr and selling dollars. d. The decrease in demand for francs puts downward pressure on th

25、e exchange-rate value ($/SFr) of the franc. The monetary authorities must intervene to defend the fixed exchange rate by buying SFr and selling dollars.Chap 42. You will need data on four market rates: The current interest rate (or yield) on bonds issued by the U.S. government that mature in one yea

26、r, the current interest rate (or yield) on bonds issued by the British government that mature in one year, the current spot exchange rate between the dollar and pound, and the current one-year forward exchange rate between the dollar and pound. Do these rates result in a covered interest differentia

27、l that is very close to zero?4. a. The U.S. firm has an asset position in yenit has a long position in yen. To hedge its exposure to exchange rate risk, the firm should enter into a forward exchange contract now in which the firm commits to sell yen and receive dollars at the current forward rate. T

28、he contract amounts are to sell 1 million yen and receive $9,000, both in 60 days. b. The student has an asset position in yena long position in yen. To hedge the exposure to exchange rate risk, the student should enter into a forward exchange contract now in which the student commits to sell yen an

29、d receive dollars at the current forward rate. The contract amounts are to sell 10 million yen and receive $90,000, both in 60 days. c. The U.S. firm has an liability position in yena short position in yen. To hedge its exposure to exchange rate risk, the firm should enter into a forward exchange co

30、ntract now in which the firm commits to sell dollars and receive yen at the current forward rate. The contract amounts are to sell $900,000 and receive 100 million yen, both in 60 days.6. Relative to your expected spot value of the euro in 90 days ($1.22/euro), the current forward rate of the euro (

31、$1.18/euro) is lowthe forward value of the euro is relatively low. Using the principle of buy low, sell high, you can speculate by entering into a forward contract now to buy euros at $1.18/euro. If you are correct in your expectation, then in 90 days you will be able to immediately resell those eur

32、os for $1.22/euro, pocketing a profit of $0.04 for each euro that you bought forward. If many people speculate in this way, then massive purchases now of euros forward (increasing the demand for euros forward) will tend to drive up the forward value of the euro, toward a current forward rate of $1.2

33、2/euro.8. a. The Swiss franc is at a forward premium. Its current forward value ($0.505/SFr) is greater than its current spot value ($0.500/SFr). b. The covered interest differential in favor of Switzerland is (1 + 0.005)(0.505) / 0.500) - (1 + 0.01) = 0.005. (Note that the interest rate used must match the ti