人教版英语八年级下unit2讲解与练习.docx

1、人教版英语八年级下unit2讲解与练习Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.Section A1. You should help to clean up the city parks.Clean up意为“彻底打扫；清除”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语动词，后面跟名词作宾格时，名词放在up前后均可，后面跟代词作宾格时，代词应当放在up前面。e.g. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the h

2、ospital to cheer them up.Cheer up意为“变得更高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语，cheer up既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语e.g. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him. Cheer up! The news isnt too bad. He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.【拓展】1）cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”e.g. The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived.

3、2) cheer作及物动词，意为“为欢呼，高呼”e.g. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero3) cheer 作可数名词，意为“欢呼声，喝彩声”e.g. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.4) cheer on 意为“为加油”e.g. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on？【现学现练】He failed in the math test

4、and looks sad. Lets _A. put him up B. set him up C. cheer him up D. clean him up3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.Give out 意为“散发，分发”，相当于“hand out”， 是“动词+副词”的短语动词e.g. Can you give out the drinks out, please?【拓展】Give out 的不同含义：1）give out 表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）e.g. The sun gives out light and

5、heat to the earth.2) give out表示“用完，耗尽”e.g. Our food supplies began to give out.4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.Volunteer动词，意为“志愿做，义务做”，后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语e.g. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party.【拓展】Volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者”e.g. Can I have a volun

6、teer to collect the glasses?5. We cant put off making a planPut off意为“推迟”，是“动词+副词”的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语e.g. They put off the match because of the heavy rain. Please dont put off doing your homework. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.【拓展】由put构成的常见短语有：Put away 将收起来 put on 穿上；上演 put do

7、wn 放下；记下Put out 熄灭；伸出 put back 放回原处 put up 张贴；搭建6. Lets make some notices, tooNotice此处作可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”e.g. There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking” Ill put up a notice about the meeting.【拓展】1）notice作不可数名词，意为“注意”e.g. Take notice of what they say.2) notice 作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”e.g. Did you no

8、tice Jack come in ?7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to beUsed to 意为“过去， 曾经”，后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”，指表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态e.g. He used to work in the hospital. He didnt use to walk after supper.【拓展】1) be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表目的e.g. The book is used to teach us how

9、 to write.2) be used for + n./ v.ing 表示“被用于”e.g. A stamp is used for sending letters.3) get/be used to doing sth.e.g. He is used to eating out all the time.8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.Lonely是形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，用于人时，表示一种心理状态，突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉，侧重缺少同伴友谊而感到孤独、寂寞。含忧郁之意。e.g. He felt very lonely without

10、 his friends.9. give up several hours each week to help others.Several作形容词，意为“几个，数个”，修饰可数名词复数e.g. Several days later, Grandma came to the library to borrow some books.【拓展】Several作代词，意为“几个，数个”e.g. Excuse me, have you got any books about sports? - Yes, weve got several. Several of us went there.10. I

11、get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animal get better and the look of joy on their owners faces.1) Feeling在此用作可数名词，意为“感觉；感触”e.g. Ive got a bad feeling. It was a great feeling when a wild animal shows you affection.Feel还可用作连系动词，意为“觉得，感觉到”e.g. I felt very tired after running.2) sa

12、tisfaction 为不可数名词，意为“满意，满足”，其反义词是dissatisfaction.e.g. She smiled in satisfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction（名词，满意）- satisfy （动词，使满意）- satisfied （形容词，满意的）1) be satisfied to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到满意”e.g. He was satisfied to win the match.2) be satisfied with意为“对感到满意”e.g. She was not satisfied with the result.3) joy在

13、此用作不可数名词，意为“高兴；愉快”e.g. Life is always full of joy. He jumped up with joy.4) owner可数名词，意为“物主，主人”e.g. He is the owner of the car.【拓展】1) own 形容词，意为“自己的”，一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后以加强语气。e.g. I saw it with my own eyes.2) own 及物动词，意为“有；拥有”，相当于have.e.g. He owns a big house.3) of ones own. 意为“属于某人自己的”e.g. At last

14、 Ive got a big house of my own.11. The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book.Journey意为“旅行；行程”，可数名词，一般指长途旅行e.g. Life is a long journey from birth to death. 12. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer

15、up sick children because they are often sad.Sick形容词，意为“生病的；有病的”，其反义词为well.e.g. His sister was sick with a cold.Sick作形容词时，还可表示“（想）呕吐的，恶心的”e.g. I always feel sick when I travel by ship. The smell makes him sick.【拓展】Sick与ill的辨析：Sick指“生病”时主要用于英式英语，可作定语也可作表语，表示“恶心；呕吐”时只用作表语e.g. He is a sick man. He began

16、 to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.Ill指“生病”时，主要用于美式英语，只用作表语，一般不作定语e.g. He is ill and stays in bed.13. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Raise作及物动词，意为“筹集；征集”e.g. They want to raise enough money for building a school

17、.【拓展】raise 的其他用法：1) 作及物动词，意为“举起，抬起”e.g. Please raise your hands!2) 作及物动词，意为“种植”e.g. Their family raised a lot of corn.3) 作及物动词，意为“饲养，供养”e.g. She likes to raise a dog.14. I want to travel alone.Alone作副词，意为“单独地；独自地”e.g. He likes living alone.1) alone作副词，用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有；仅仅”e.g. He alone understands me.

18、2) alone作形容词，意为“独自的；单独的”e.g. She was alone in the dark room.【拓展】Alone与lonely辨析Alone表示“单独的；肚子的”，指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开，不含感情色彩。e.g. He is alone in the classroomLonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，指人时含有浓重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友、同情、亲情而产生的一种孤独、悲伤和忧郁的感情。e.g. She has few friends here and feels lonely.Section B1. Ive run out of it.Run out o

19、f是“动词+副词+介词”的短语，of后接宾语，主语通常是表示“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等，意为“用完了”e.g. Ive run out of paper.【拓展】1) run out of 可表示“从跑出来”的意思e.g. The dog run out of the room.2) run out 是“动词+副词”结构的不及物动词短语，意为“用完，用尽”，主语通常是表示“时间、金钱”等无生命的东西。e.g. All the money ran out by me.3) sth. run out 表示“某物用尽了，用完了”e.g. Our food will soon run

20、 out.2. I take after my mother.Take after意为“像；与相像”，指由于血缘关系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相当于be similar to， 其中after 是介词，其后常接名词或代词e.g. Your daughter doesnt take after you at all.【拓展】1) look like意为“看上去像”，多指外貌e.g. You look like my brother.2) be like意为“像”， 可指外貌，也可指性格e.g. What is your sister like?3. I repaired it.Repair及物动

21、词，意为“修理，修补，修缮（房屋）”e.g. He repairs old furniture.辨析：repair, mend与fix1) repair比fix和mend更正式，常用于表示修补破损或有洞的东西e.g. Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.2) mend着重修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等e.g. My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.3) fix侧重于“安装”，有时也用作“修理”，常用于指修理机器、车辆等e.g. The workers are fixing the mac

22、hine.4. Im similar to her.1) similar形容词，意为“相似的；相仿的”e.g. My best friend and I have similar hobbies.2) be similar to意为“与相似/相仿”e.g. My new dress is similar to yours.【拓展】Be similar in sth. 意为“在某方面相似/相仿”e.g. The two buildings are similar in style.5. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li?1) letter可数名词，“信，函”e.g.

23、 Tom, here is a letter for you.2) write the letter to sb. 相当于write to sb. 意为“给某人写信”e.g. I am writing the letter to my friend Do you often write to your friends?【拓展】1) receive a letter from sb. 与hear from sb. 同义， 意为“收到某人的来信”e.g. I often hear from my friends.2) letter作可数名词，表示“字母”的意思e.g. Write down the

24、se letters, please.6. Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.Disabled形容词，意为“丧失能力的，有残疾的”，它是动词disable（使丧失能力）加后缀ed构成的e.g. We should help disabled people. Its important to make fun of a disabled man.7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Make a difference to 意为“对

25、产生影响”，difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等，to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词e.g. Education can make a big difference to the quality of a persons life. The accident has made a great difference to his life.【拓展】Make no difference意为“对没有影响”e.g. It makes no difference to me.8. Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easil

26、y.Imagine动词，意为“想象，设想”，其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句e.g. Can you imagine life on the moon? I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulities.Difficulity作名词，意为“困难；难题”，其形容词为difficult，意为“困难的”【拓展】1) Difficul

27、ty表示抽象意义上的“困难”时，是不可数名词e.g. Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.2) have difficulty in doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困难”e.g. I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me .1) open 动词，意为“打开，张开”，反义词为closee.g. open the window, open your mo

28、uthOpen与turn on 辨析：Open指将原来关着的东西打开，turn on 指转动或推上开关等打开2) carry及物动词，意为“拿，提，扛”e.g. He always carries a small box in his hand.Carry, bring, take的用法辨析：Carry不表示动作的方向，一般指随身携带，如“扛、提、运”等e.g. Please carry the bag for me.Bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方e.g. Bring the book to me, please.Take指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去e.g. Take

29、my box to the room.【拓展】Open 还可用作形容词，主要用法如下：1) 开着的，反义词为closede.g. All the doors are open.2) 开张的，营业的e.g. The shop is open from 9am to 6am.3) 开放的e.g. Our country is open to the world now.11. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out1) a friend of mine指“我的一位朋友”，是双重所有格，相当于one of my friends.2

30、) help sb. out指“帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题”e.g. Help them out as possible as you can.12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.1) excited形容词，意为“兴奋的，激动的”，可作表语或定语，作表语时，主语一般是表示“人”的名词或代词；作定语时，一般修饰表示“人”的名词或代词e.g. Tom was excited after hearing of the good news. The excited children are opening their present

31、s.Excited与exciting的用法辨析：Excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，多用于修饰人；exciting意为“使人兴奋的，刺激的”，修饰物e.g. The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news.2) be excited about 意为“对感到兴奋、激动”e.g. I was excited about going to the zoo.13. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.Understand既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为“理解；领会；明白”e.g. Do you understand me? He doesnt understand English.【拓展】1） understand后可接从句：e.g. I underst