完整版卓越补习八年级下册英语广州牛津版课文笔记U1.docx

1、完整版卓越补习八年级下册英语广州牛津版课文笔记U1Unit1Success stories ()一周强化一、一周知识概述1重难点单词与短语：award，success，strict encourage，support，interest，develop，development，overcome，admire，accident，pride，on television，at the age of，at a price，be strict with sb，fall ill，in place of，be grateful to sb for sth,2句型 He was watching a Tom a

2、nd Jerry cartoon on television when he first heard western classical music. 当他首次听到西方古典音乐时，他正看Tom and Jerry卡通电视。 LangLang began taking（begin doing sth） piano lessons at the age of three. LangLang在他三岁时开始上钢琴课。 I think he is successful. 我认为他是成功的。 I admire her because(原因状语从句) she plays the violin for lov

3、e, not just to win competitions. 我钦佩她，她是出于热爱而拉小提琴，而不仅为赢得比赛。 3语法：过去进行时。 二、单元重难点知识讲解 1Ben was responsible for writing stories about successful people for the school newspaper.译文Ben负责为校报写关于成功人士经历的稿子。 be responsible for sth意为“负责某事”。 e.g.The pilot of the plane is responsible for the passengers safety.飞机驾

4、驶员应对旅客的安全负责。 如果主语不是人，则表示造成事实的“原因”。 e.g.The weather is responsible for the delay.由于天气关系才耽搁了。 2LangLang began taking piano lessons at the age of three.译文LangLang三岁时开始上钢琴课。 这句话相当于：LangLang began taking piano lessons when he was 3./When he was three years old.begin doing sth.意为“开始做某事”，相当于start doing sth

5、.。另外begin和start均可接to do或doing.e.g.When did you begin to learn/learning German?你何时开始学德语的？ 3He won first prize in the Shengyang Piano competition only two years later. From then on, he won many awards.译文仅在两年后他在沈阳钢琴比赛中获得一等奖，从那以后，他获得了许多奖。 prize n. 奖赏(品)，奖金；奖品 e.g.win a prize得奖 My sister won first prize

6、for her singing.我姐姐唱歌获得了第一名。 His poem won the first prize of ten dollars.他的诗得了10元的头奖。 He received the Nobel Prize for peace.他获得了诺贝尔和平奖。 award作名词，意为“奖品，奖，奖励”，无“奖金”之义。 e.g.the first award/prize一等奖 另外award还可作动词，意为“授予；判给，颁发”经常构成短语award sb sth/award sth to sb.意为“奖赏某人某物”。 e.g.The university awarded her a

7、scholarship.大学给她颁发奖学金。 Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his great achievement in physics.爱因斯坦因在物理学上的成就而被授予诺贝尔奖。 4However, LangLangs success came at a price.译文但是，LangLang的成功来之不易。 success是名词，意为“成功”，它的形容词为successful，动词为succeed，另外success作“成功”讲，是不可数名词，作“成功的人或事”讲时，是可数名词。 e.g.Both plans have been t

8、ried without success.两个计划都已试过但未获成功。 I wished him success in his new shop.我祝愿他经营新商店成功。 He is a great success as a teacher.作为一名教师，他非常出色。 The operation was quite successful.手术很成功。 succeed是动词，作“成功”讲，经常构成短语“succeed in+名词/动名词”，注意：通常不译出“成功”二字。 e.g.LangLang succeeded on his own.LangLang全凭自己获得成功。 He succeede

9、d in solving the problem.他终于解决了这个问题。 He succeeded in the examination.他考试及格了。 它的反义句即：He failed in the examination. 他考试不及格。 at a price是个固定词组，意为“付出代价”，“以很高的代价”。 5His father was very strict with him.译文他的父亲对他要求严格。 be strict with someone意为“对(某人)要求严格”。 e.g.Father is strict with us children.父亲对我们这些孩子很严格。 6H

10、e was practicing the piano while other children his age were playing games and having fun.译文在他练钢琴时，其他的同龄的孩子却在愉快地玩游戏。 这是while引导的一个时间状语从句，在过去大时间背景下表示两个同时进行的动作，所以都用了过去进行时。 e.g.While Mary was having a bath, her husband was watching TV.在Mary洗澡时，她丈夫却在看电视。 While I was doing my homework last night, my mum w

11、as doing some reading.昨天晚上当我做作业时，妈妈在看书。 7He was watching a Tom and Jerry cartoon on television when he first heard western classical music.译文当他第一次听到西方古典乐时，他在欣赏一部名为猫和老鼠的卡通片。 这是when连接的时间状语从句，在过去的大时间背景下常可表达当过去一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，此时主句要用过去进行时表达。 e.g.We were talking about you when you came in.当你进来时，我们正说到你。 另外，

12、注意when和while都表示“当的时候”，但当动作是短暂性的时候，则只能用when。 e.g.I saw him when he came in.他进来时我看见他了。 He met many problems while he was going over his lessons.在复习功课时他遇到许多问题。 The bell rang when/while he was doing his homework.当他正在做作业时，铃响了。 8His father gave up his work.译文他的爸爸放弃了工作。 give up意为“放弃”，常构成：give up sth/doing

13、sth.e.g.At last, they gave up the plan.最后，他们放弃了那个计划。 Believe yourself. Dont give it up.相信自己，不要放弃。 10He is grateful to his parents since they have always encouraged and supported him.译文他非常感激他的父母，因为他们总是一直鼓励他，支持他。 在此句中，since表原因，连接原因状语从句，而不是“自从”的含义，在此我们一起学习四个表示“原因”的连词，because，since，as及for。 这四个词都是可以表示“原因

14、”的连词，语气由强至弱依次为becausesinceasfor；其中because，since，as为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；for为并列连词。 because“因为”：表直接原因，回答why的提问；一般放主句之后，也可单独存在。 e.g.We stayed at home because it rained.因为下雨我们呆在家里。 since“因为，既然”，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。 e.g.Since everyone is here, lets start.既然大家都到了，我们开始吧！ as“由于，鉴于”，主从并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果；为常用词。 e.g.As i

15、t was late, I should start at once.由于晚了，我应马上动身。 for“因为，由于”，表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号，for分句不放句首。 e.g.He must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定病了，因为他今天缺席了。 11Why did your father take you to Beijing?译文为什么你爸爸带你到北京。 Because I could study at the finest译文因为我可以在最好的学习。 注意：why和because是固定的搭配，即以why引导的疑问句用because来回

16、答 e.g.Why didnt he go to school yesterday?他昨天为什么没上学？ Because he was ill.12He was naturally curious about.译文他很自然地就对感到好奇了。 be curious about表示“对感到好奇”。 curious adj. 好奇的，想知道的 e.g.Children are always curious about the new places.孩子们通常对陌生地方感到好奇。 13These experiments led to a number of very important finding

17、s, but译文尽管这些实验诱发了许多很重要的发现，但是 （1）although“尽管，虽然”，与though同义，引导让步状语从句。而but表强调，引导并列句。 though较通俗，although更正规些，两者可以互换使用。它们引导让步状语从句时，主句可用yet或still引出，但不可用but。同样，用了but不可出现although。 如：虽然他身体不好，但是他工作努力。 误：Although he is in poor health, but he works hard.正：Although/though he is in poor health, (yet/still) he wor

18、ks hard.正：He is in poor health, but he works hard.（2）a number of意为“许多”，与a lot of是同义词组，后接复数名词，谓语通常用复数。 e.g.A number of visitors came to the city from all over the country.来自全国各地的许多游客来到这座城市。 注意与“the number of”的区别，“the number of”意为“的数量”。谓语动词要用单数。e.g.The number of mistakes in his composition has dropped

19、.他作文中的错误少了。 14Benjamin had poor sight and needed to wear glasses.译文本杰明弱视，需要戴眼镜。 need to do sth.“需要干某事”，句中need是行为动词。大家要注意need的用法： 作为行为动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，后面跟名词、代词、不定式等。 e.g.Do you need some help?你需要一些帮助吗？ He needs/wants to see you.他要见你。 作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化。 e.g.You need not write down your translation.你们不必写下

20、译文。 He need not come at once.他用不着马上来。 作名词，是不可数名词。 e.g.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 There is no need to come so early.早来是无用的。 15, so he invented a new pair of glasses.译文因此他发明了一副新的眼镜。 invent为动词，意为“发明，创造”，注意与动词discover的区别。 discover为“发现”之义。 e.g.Edison invented the electric light lamp.爱迪生发明

21、了电灯泡。invent还有“编造，虚构”之义。e.g.He invented an excuse for being late.他为迟到编了个借口。Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。16It protects buildings and ships from damage caused by lightning.译文它保护了建筑物和船以免由闪电导致的破坏。protectfrom意为“保护以免”，from后面通用接名词、v.+ing、以及代词，在本句中damage为名词。e.g.Farmers protect plants fr

22、om the cold in winter.在冬天，农民们保护植物不受冻。You should protect your sister from harm.你应保护妹妹免受伤害。Try to protect your skin from the sun.尽量保护皮肤不受太阳晒。17He was tired of always taking them on and off.译文他厌烦了总是把眼镜戴上、摘下。be tired of意为“厌倦；厌烦（做某事）”。e.g.Im tired of watching television. Lets go for a walk.我看电视都看腻了，咱们出去走

23、走吧。I was getting tired of all her boring remarks.我对她那套枯燥的言论越来越厌烦了。18Nowadays, these glasses are known as bifocals.译文如今，这些眼镜被称作双光眼镜。be known as意为“被称作，被叫作，作为而著名”。e.g.He is known as King of Invention.他被称为“发明大王”。Mr. Luxun is known as a writer.鲁迅先生作为一名作家是很出名的。三、语法点拨过去进行时 1表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。e.g.When he cal

24、led me, I was having dinner.他给我打电话时，我在吃饭。I was washing the dishes while Mother was cleaning away the table.我在洗盘子，妈妈在收拾桌子。What were you doing last year besides interviewing people?除了采访之外，去年你还做什么？At that moment, I wasnt doing anything.那会儿我什么也没干。2常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有：then 那时 last night 昨晚at that time 当时 at

25、five yesterday 昨天五点the whole morning 整个上午 this time yesterday 昨天这个时候3表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。e.g.They were expecting you yesterday, but you didnt turn up.他们昨天一直在等你，可你没来。We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我们从两点一直工作到四点。I was tidying my sitting room the whole morning.整个早上我都在收拾我的起居室。4表示一个

26、动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。e.g.When you phoned yesterday, I was playing computer chess.你昨天打电话时，我正在电脑上下棋。5用于描写故事情景或提供故事发生的时间背景。e.g.It was a dark night and it was snowing heavily.那是一个漆黑的夜晚，当时雪下得很大。6表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，限于用come, go, start, leave, stay, arrive等短暂性动词。e.g.He told me he was leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.他告诉我他明天将要去上海。7表示礼貌。这种状态又叫礼貌过去进行时，它并不表示过去的时间，而表达客气或礼貌。e.g.I was wondering if you could help me look up the work“erg”.不知你能否帮我查一下“erg”这个单词。I was thinking if you could write an essay about George Gordon Byron.我在想你能否写一篇有关乔治戈登拜伦的论文。