广东高考英语命题揭秘与专题练析完形填空11 10.docx

1、广东高考英语命题揭秘与专题练析完形填空11 10广东高考英语命题揭秘与专题练析完形填空高考命题揭秘近四年高考的总体情况如下表所示：年份体裁题材主要内容短文长度2010说明文文化习俗各地的门的不同功能与作用217个词2009记述文名人轶事诺贝尔奖的设立173个词2008记述文鬼怪故事残酷仙女换婴及对策206个词2007说明文科研发现介绍面部识别登录技术154个词结论：(1)长度:在150-220词之间，即180词左右。因2011年由原来的10增加到15空，我们估计，短文长度应在260个词左右。(2)题材：或反映最新科技动态，或体现文化内涵。(3)体裁：短文是具有一定故事情节的记叙文，或者是说明文

2、。(4)难度：一般不会有影响短文理解的超标词，但有时会出现课标单词的派生词，如supernatural, folktale, automatically, , recognition, inexpensive等，其词根都是课标中规定的词，考生根据构词法知识不难理解其意义。名师指津：我们在备考中，不但要重点训练已考过的或常考的题材和体裁的文章，而且还要选取各种体裁、各类题材的文章来作为训练材料，以便把握不同体裁和不同题材的篇章特点，在应试过程中才能迅速读懂大意，弄清脉络，提高解题的速度和准确率。短文来源：命题材料一般来自网络或英文原版书刊。年份短文出处2009年书刊书名：Stupid Histo

3、ry 作者：Leland Gregory (P230)2008年网络http: / www. britishcouncil.org/learnenglish central magazine folklore. htm2007年http:/ tid =553522考点设置年度2007年2008年2009年2010年考点设置名词5个2个31动词2个4个43形容词2个4个24副词1个0个12结论：四考四没考。(1)四考：到目前为止只考了四类词名词、动词、形容词和副词。至于这四类词是否有比例的问题，由上表可看出，显然是没有规律的，哪类词设多少个空，在很大程度上由所选材料本身的特点来决定。(2)四没考

4、：以下四个方面在近四年的广东高考完形填空中没考：没有考代词、冠词、介词、连词（包括引导各类从句的引导词、连接词和关系词）、主谓一致等涉及语法规则的词类。没有考语法。全部试题的正确答案都是通过理解上下文的内容和逻辑来确定。没有将在具体语境中其词义或用法都难以辨别的两个或几个词语放在同一小题中来考查。没有考even , ever , still , however之类的副词。名师指津：我们认为，第4条提到的副词是体现语篇特征的典型词语，非常适合在完形填空中考查。在今后的完形续空中是有可能考的，决不可忽视。设空方式：(1)首句不设空：有助于考生了解或推测全文的大意。(2)选项特点：同一小题的四个选项

5、都是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。即：若四个选项都是名词，要么四个都是单数，要么四个都是复数；若四个选项都是动词，要么四个都是-ing形式，要么四个都是-ed形式，要么四个都是原形，要么四个都是第三人称单数形式；若是形容词或副词，要么四个都是原形，要么四个都是比较级或最高级。答案配置：正确选项的分布较为均匀，即A, B, C和D四个选项中各占2-3个。尚未出现1个或4个这类情况。请看近四年高考题正确选面的分布情况：正确选项ABCD2010年33222009年32322008年22332007年3322名师指津：2011年高考为15空，根据正确答案均等的原则，ABCD各占3-4题，若对其中14个题

6、有把握，只有1个题没有把握时，可以根据答案均等的原则去考虑。如你的“正确答案”中只有1个或2个B，那么这个没把握的题很可能就是选B了。高效解题密招根据上述对广东高考完形填空的命题的研究，我们归纳了以下一些解题方法： 三个原则：(1)上下求索寻信息。 这是因为有的空格的答案信息点在空格前，有的在空格后，有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效果。有时，还要通过上、下文提供的信息，结合常识，适当运用逻辑推理。例1Every country has its own culture. Even though each country uses doors，doors may have

7、 different functions and purposes which lead to 22 differences. (2010广东） 22. A. national B. embarrassing C. cultural D. amazing 解析：由前句Every country has its own culture（每个国家都有自己的文化）可知，每个国家的门的不同功能和目的也会导致“文化”差异，故选C例2The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors，27 who wer

8、e getting off the bus should get off first，and students who were getting on should get on 28 .(2010广东）27. A. parents B. students C. teachers D. drivers28. A. sooner B. later C. faster D. earlier解析：因是校车,上下车的可能是学生,也可能是老师,所以27选B或C都似乎可以,但是由下文与之并列的and students who were getting on should get on可知,只能选B (st

9、udents). 28题能与上文first相时的,只有later,故选B(2)左顾右盼找搭配。答题时，眼睛不能只盯在空格上或盯在一个句子上，一定要“左顾右盼”，弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意，有时不止一个选项前后可以构成搭配关系，这时需要根据上下文的意思来作定夺。例3On April 12，1888，Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and . (2009广东）21. A. found B. misunderstood Cmistook D

10、. judged解析：四个选项中，能与后面for搭配的，只有mistook；即mistake A for B（将A误以为B）。例4Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to 28 the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to people who . (2009广东）28. A. establish B. form C. develop D. promote解析：根据动宾搭配，在四个选项中，能与名词the Nobel prizes（诺贝尔奖）搭配的，只有estab

11、lish（设立），即“设立诺贝尔奖”。而说用他的大部分钱去“构成开发促进”诺贝尔奖，都是讲不通的。(3)思前想后通全文。有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填人格中都没有错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境，而且要在全文中也讲得通，即贯通全文。例5Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes，which would be awarded to peo

12、ple who made great 29 to the causes of peace，literature，and the sciences.29. A. additions B. sacrifices C. changes D. contributions解析：若单独看空格处，选项B, C, D都可以填，make great sacrifices作出巨大牺牲，make great changes发生巨大变化，make great contributions作出巨大贡献；但从文章内容或常识来看，诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学等领域“作出过巨大贡献”的人，故只能选D例6Alf

13、red Nobel became a millionaire and changed the ways of mining, construction, and warfare as the inventor of dynamite（炸药）the article read. Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 23 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before，died yesterday.” Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part o

14、f his money to23. A. famous B. sick C. rich Dpopular解析：若单独看空前的became ,填四个选项都没有语法错误，但是由首句became a millionaire和后文give the largest part of his money可知，此空应选C (rich )四个步骤(1)通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。(2)瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判

15、断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示了，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。在这一步，我们要坚持“三个原则”，进行“七点考虑”（见下文）。(3)复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，我们对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。(4)再次复读，弥补疏漏。全部做好后，考生务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容以确保全文文意连贯。七点考虑(1)考虑词语关联。在根据上下文提示或暗示时，要考虑前后词语之间的关联性。如：passenger对应的可以是bus, plane, tube等“交通工具”，也可以对应driver, conductor等“职业”，还可以是t

16、icket, seat, flight等，那么，当上下文出现其中若干个词语时，我们就非常容易得出答案了。例1To make sure that he was remembered with love and respect. Nobel arranged in his 27 to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes,Nobel had to die before he realized what his life was really about. (2009广东） 27. A. book B. ar

17、ticle Cwill D. contract解析：根据常识，一般不会在书中、在文章中，或在合同中去安排捐款设立奖项，即book, article和contract与arrange to give money没有相关性；又因will（遗嘱）与die（死），arrange（安排后事），极具相关性，故选C(2)考虑语篇标志。“语篇标志”是指那些表明语篇之间内在联系的词语，如表示结构层次的有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果关系有thus, therefore, so等；表示递进关系的有besides , whats more, further等；表示

18、时间关系的有before , so far, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的有but, while, on the other hand, although等。解题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系，从而作出正确的选择。如：例2First of all，I respected his devotion to teaching 43 ，I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally，I was attracte

19、d by his lively sense of humor.（全国）43. A. Later B. Secondly CHowever D. Therefore解析：前有First of all提起，后有Finally落脚，中间应用Secondly来过渡，故选B(3)考虑行文逻辑。当选项是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语时，就要求我们正确判断上下文的逻辑关系，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等，从而选择恰当的选项。如：例3You are near the front line of a battle. Around you shells ar

20、e exploding; people are shooting from a house behind you. What are you doing there? You arent a soldier. You arent 36 carrying a gun. Youre standing in front of（湖北） 36A. simply Breally Cmerely D. even解析：第36空这句话与前句是递进关系，“你不是士兵，甚至连（even)枪也没有”，故选D。(4)考虑逻辑推理。将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单的逻辑推理来确定答案。例4In

21、 South Korea，we do not need to wait for people to get off. One morning，I hurried to the bus，and when the bus doors opened，I 29 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. (2010广东）29. A. politely B. patiently Cunconsciously D. slowly解析：由前文可知，因韩国不必等别人下了车再上，作者当时是初来美国的韩国人，在韩国土生土长，由常识可知，作者早已习惯

22、不等别人先下了再上,所以看到校车将门打开后,就“无意识地,不知不觉地”上车了。故选C(5)考虑语言结构。根据对比或对照结构、排比结构、并列结构、类似结构等语言结构形式来判断和选择答案。如：例5This was new to me，because we use the same door in South KoreaThe way of using school bus doors was also 26 to me. I used to take the school bus to classes. (2010广东）26. A. annoying B. hard Csatisfying D.

23、strange解析：26题所在句显然与前段中的This（门的功能）was new (not familiar, not experienced before) to me结构类似（also提示作用非常大），四个选项中能与new同义的，只有strange ( = unfamiliar, not known or experienced before)。意思是“门的使用方式对我来说，也很陌生”。例6You have to push the door with the word“PUSH”to go out of the building and to pull the door with the

24、word PULL to 24 the building. (2010广东）24. A. enter B. leave C. open D. close解析：句中and连接的并列结构中，push与pull相对，那么，与go out of相对的应是enter.(6)考虑语义复现。语义复现往往会使语篇中的句子相互衔接得更紧密。语义复现包括同词复现和同义复现，利用语义的复现，对解题很有帮助。例7When I first came to America For quite a few times I failed to go out of a shopping centre and was embar

25、rassed. One morning，I hurried to the bus，and when the bus doors opened，I unconsciously tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students around looked at me，I was totally 30 ，and my face went red. (2010广东）30. A. embarrassed B. annoyed C. unsatisfied D. excited解析：前一段是讲作者因不懂门的功能不

26、同，好几次遇到“尴尬”局面；本段是说作者不懂门的使用方式，也有一次感到“尴尬”。前面用embarrassed，此处也用embarrassed，故选A。例8There were many ways to prevent this from happening：hanging a knife over the babys head while he slept or covering him with some of his fathers clothes were just two of the recommended 27 (2008广东）27. A. cases B. tools C. st

27、eps D. methods解析:前句说“避免这类的事发生有许多方法（ways) ,冒号后的解释,“在小孩睡觉时在其头上悬挂一把刀，或者用其父亲的裤子盖着他,就是其中值得推荐的两种_”,承前逻辑,自然是其中的两种“方法”,与ways同义的是methods，故选D(7)考虑前后语境。考虑上文提供的信息、下文提供的信息,或上下文结合考虑，有时甚至需要通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。例9One afternoon, I was out exploringand saw a new kind of cactus（仙人掌）I crouched（蹲）down for a closer look.“You

28、d better not 47 that.” I turned around to see an old woman “Would you like to come to my home tomorrow? Someone should teach you which plant you should and shouldnt touch.”（湖南）47. A. break B. pick C. Pull D. touch解析：此题若不读到文章最后一句的最后一个单词，很难确定填touch，选D阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的A, B, C和D项中，选出最佳选项。生活经历 (

29、1 ) I will never forget the smile and the look of a young mans face on the train. One day I took the train home. There was an 1 seat facing a young man. The man looked 2 and you could easily notice his drug addiction from his 3 The train was extremely 4 but no one wanted to sit near him. I 5 to him

30、and sat directly opposite him. I looked him in the eye and smiled. I would never forget the 6 on his face. It was a special look of shock，shame and amazement. He was obviously 7 that someone would sit opposite him. Then a look of shame 8 the shock. He realized that his drug addiction was so 9 that I

31、 could easily see it from his appearance. Then he tried to clean up himself 10 and quietly. He straightened his posture and 11 his hair. After the clean-up，he said nothing nor tried to get closer. He just stared out of the 12 Sometimes he looked at me with an 13 smile. A moment later he arrived at his 14 . Right before going out of the carriage，he put on a big and 15 smile.“Have a good day，”he said. The smile was