最新年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第Ⅳ题 语法填空考试必备.docx

1、最新年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习 阅读理解 第题 语法填空考试必备第题语法填空命题特点设置该题型的目的在于考查学生在语境中正确运用语法知识的能力，以促进考生实际语言运用能力的提高。考查的重点为：动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、词性转换、形容词和副词以及介词、代词、冠词和从句。设置题型有两种：一种为无提示词，主要考查关联词、冠词、代词、介词；另一种为有提示词，主要考查时态和语态、词性转化、非谓语动词、名词复数、形容词、副词级别。方法技巧(1)根据语法知识填空：每个空都会涉及语法规则，如：形容词修饰名词；句与句之间用关联词等。全面考虑，具体分析，然后确定答案。(2)根据逻辑关系填空：如表示因果关系

2、的词有thus，therefore，so等。(3)根据语篇标志词填空：如表示语篇结构层次的first，second 等。(4)根据固定词组填空：如by the way，devote.to.等。(5)根据固定句型填空：如so.that.，spend time in doing等。解题步骤(1)通读全文，理解大意。(2)巧用已知，分析局部结构、句法结构，确定词性。(3)复读全文，仔细核查，语法正确，语意贯通。Passage 1As we all know, learning is a process of gaining knowledge. Learning is ones own busine

3、ss, 1._ cannot rely on others. It is ones lifelong task, which cannot 2._ (finish) in one move.A successful learner is an 3._ (independence) one, who has 4._ a determined will and amazing patience. He will try to discover his own way of learning. Instead of waiting for the help of his teachers and f

4、riends, he will make efforts 5._ (create) favorable conditions on his own strong spirit. It will certainly be 6._ great help, if there is a good environment, enough books and 7._ (equip), as well as instructions from his teachers and friends.Even if one has got all these favorable conditions, one ca

5、nnot be sure to succeed in learning. So the most important factor in learning 8._ (lie) in ones own effort.To learn is rather 9._ hard working and persevering business. Many a man is a failure because he cannot bear such hardships. Persistent efforts can make up for a lack of talent and 10._ (able)

6、one to get a great deal of progress in learning.【语篇解读】本文讲述了如何做一个成功的学习者。1解析：本处为非限制性定语从句。关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物，应用which。答案：which2解析：句意：它是终生的任务，不能一次被完成。由finish和task之间是逻辑上的动宾关系可知，应用被动语态；结合cannot可知，应填be finished。答案：be finished3解析：本处应用形容词作定语，故填independent。答案：independent4解析：句意：成功的学习者既有坚定的意志，又有惊人的耐心。both . and

7、 .“既又”。答案：both5解析：make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，是固定短语。答案：to create6解析：根据固定结构“be of helpbe helpful”可知，此处填介词of。答案：of7解析：本处and连接两个并列的名词。故填equip的名词形式equipment。答案：equipment8解析：根据上下文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；结合主语factor可知，应用第三人称单数形式lies。答案：lies9解析：句意：学习是一件需要勤奋和坚持不懈的事情。business当“事情”讲时，通常用单数，此处表泛指，故应用不定冠词；hard working

8、的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。答案：a10解析：句意：坚持不懈的努力能够弥补天赋的缺乏，使人能够在学习方面取得很大的进步。本处and连接两个动作make up和enable。答案：enablePassage 2I had an 1._ (interest) experience playing ping-pong last year. I was playing against a fine opponent. When the score was 20 to 20, I placed my bat on the table, 2._ (thank) my opponent and began

9、 to walk away. She called me back and said we had to continue 3._ one of us won.“Look，” I said, “if we continue, either you or I will win. If you win 4._ (easy), I will begin to doubt my skill. If I win, you will be unhappy. Isnt it 5._ (good) to know that we both played well, that we enjoyed the co

10、mpetition, and that we played to an equal score？” This was a surprising ending for my opponent and for the persons 6._ (watch) this contest. It made sense to me to leave with a tie game, an impasse (僵局): no winner, no loser!Our present technology makes 7._ possible for nations to destroy other natio

11、ns. In such a nuclear time there can be no winners, only losers. Under these 8._ (condition), the only choice 9._ (avoid) global destruction is a global impasse. We cannot destroy this beautiful planet by holding on to 10._ old understanding of victory. The only victory is in achieving a satisfying

12、impasse. No one wins, but no one loses, either.【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者的一次乒乓球比赛的经历。当对方要求一定要分出胜负时，作者却觉得平局对双方都好。1解析：此处需要用形容词修饰名词experience。interesting“有趣的”。答案：interesting2解析：句中三个动词place, thank和begin为并列谓语，都是发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时。答案：thanked3解析：根据句意可知，她叫我回来说我们应该一直打到有人赢为止。答案：until/till4解析：修饰动词win，需用副词。答案：easily5解析：此处是将平局

13、和有胜负作比较，应该用比较级。答案：better6解析：persons和watch之间为主谓关系，故用动词 ing形式。watching this contest作定语，修饰the persons。答案：watching7解析：it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to destroy other nations。答案：it8解析：由these可知此处需要用名词的复数形式。答案：conditions9解析：choice, determination, decision, effort, right等名词后的定语常用动词不定式。答案：to avoid10解析：an understanding o

14、f sth.意为“对某物的了解”，且old的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。答案：anPassage 3What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces 1._ people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can 2._ (free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, its all tha

15、t plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by 3._ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six 4._ (healthy) cities is

16、Copenhagen, Denmark.Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts 5._ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen 6._ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not

17、have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. 7._ everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make 8._ easier for residents to skate around. The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and 9._ (grownup).

18、It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building 10._ (call) the Black Diamond.【语篇解读】本文讲述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一哥本哈根。1解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为open spaces，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。答案：where2解析：修饰动词短语“socialize and express their ideas”，应用副词freely。答案：freely3

19、解析：根据语境可知，此处表特指。答案：the4解析：此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，应用形容词最高级。答案：healthiest5解析：步行占交通总量的80%。account for“占(一定数量或比例)”，是固定短语。答案：for6解析：work trips与carry out之间存在动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；根据文章的整体时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空处应填are carried。答案：are carried7解析：当开始上冻的时候，一些城市广场就变成了巨大的溜冰场。when/as“当时候”，引导时间状语从句。答案：Whe

20、n/As8解析：本处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to skate around。答案：it9解析：本处and连接两个并列的名词kids和grownups。答案：grownups10解析：call与被修饰的名词building之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。答案：calledPassage 4There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is 1._ there are seven times more trees than we 2._ (think). A few yea

21、rs ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a 3._ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. Thats a three 4._ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable 5._ (change) anything.What is the bad news? Th

22、ousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet 6._ half. A good example of this is 7._ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are 8._ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees.

23、 Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “9._ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort 10._ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”【语篇解读】本文是一

24、篇说明文。文中介绍了地球上树木的现有量。1解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，故用that。答案：that2解析：这里说的是“比我们原本以为的”，故要用一般过去时。答案：thought3解析：根据空前的“a”可知此处要用名词形式。答案：calculation4解析：follow与three之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。答案：followed5解析：be (un)able to do sth.意为“(不)能做某事”，是常用表达。答案：to change6解析：in half意为“减半”。答案：in7解析：根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指fact。

25、答案：the8解析：根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be responsible for“对负责”是固定搭配，故填responsible。答案：responsible9解析：根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词higher，应用副词形式。答案：extremely10解析：这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语effort与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。“how much more effort”的谓语应用单数，故应填is needed。此处也可理解为表示将来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。答案：is needed/will

26、 be neededPassage 5For more than six million American children, coming home after school means 1._(come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside. 2._ all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They 3._ (call) latchkey ch

27、ildrenthey are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys 4._(attach). He wa

28、s constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, 5._ he slowly learned were house keys.He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having 6._ their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by chi

29、ldren at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own 7._(safe)The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed 8._ in a closet. The second is TV. Theyll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents dont realize 9.

30、_(it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact 10._ they leave their children alone.【语篇解读】本文介绍了美国“挂钥匙儿童”这一社会问题。1解析：mean to do sth.“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.“意味着”。根据语境可知，此处表示放学回家意味着回到一个空房子，故填coming。答案：coming2解析：根据语境可知，一些孩子看电视，一些在外面闲逛。空后又说“have something in common”，故填转折连词But。答

31、案：But3解析：主语They与call之间构成动宾关系，且根据“they are”可知，该句为一般现在时态，应填are called。答案：are called4解析：此处为“with宾语宾补”结构，attach与keys之间是动宾关系，故填attached。答案：attached5解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先行词为keys，指物，故填which。答案：which6解析：have influence on sb.“对某人有影响”，故填on。答案：on7解析：根据句意可知，此处指很多孩子做噩梦并担心自己的安全，应用名词形式，故填safety。答案：safety8解析：根据句意可知，此处指有可能藏在卫生间、床底下或壁橱里。表示选择，故填or。答案：or9解析：根据句意可知，此处表示电视对孩子的影