高中英语必修二Unit4知识点讲解及答案.docx

1、高中英语必修二Unit4知识点讲解及答案必修二第四单元 .词汇短语过关1respondvi.回答，答复；响应，作出反应response n. 回答，回复；反应respond to sb./sth回.答 (比 answer, reply to正式 ) respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用 , 回应某人 (事) respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分 )对医药有良好反应 response to sb./sth. 对(人 /物)的回答 /回复 /反应 in response to 作为对 , 的反应 即学即练 1(1)They still havent _

2、 my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。(2)He _ my suggestion _ a laugh/_ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。(3)His illness didnt _ treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(4)My mother opened the door _ the knock, but there was noone outside.听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to2c

3、ertain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某 (种 )(1)作“某 (种)”讲时，同义于 some.但 some 前不加冠词。for a certain reason for some reason 由于某种原因certain professorssome professors 某些教授a certain amount of time 相当一段时间(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于 sure.但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于 It is certain that.句型，而 sure 主语只能是人。“ be certain/sure从句” (人)有把握 /确信 , (表示主语

4、的信念 )be certain/sure of/about sth. 人()确信 (表示主语的信念 )be certain/sure to do sth. 必定 /肯定会做某事 (主语常为二、 三人称，表示说话人的信念 )“ make certain/sure从句”弄清楚 /确保 , make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure 确定地，确切地 (做状语 )第 1 页 共 10 页It is certain that. 一定会 , (不能用 sure) 即学即练 2(1)There was _ in his manner他.的

5、态度有点冷淡。(2)Are you _ it？你对此有把握吗？(3)He is _ his duty他.肯定会尽职。(4)_ he has wronged me我.确信他冤枉了我。(5)_ their team will win the match他.们队肯定会赢得比赛。a certain coldness,certain about/of,certain to do ,I m certainthat ,It s certain that3contain vt. 包含；容纳 (hold)；抑制 ( control) 即学即练 3(1)His paper _ no mistakes at all

6、.他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)Orange juice _ things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。(3)This bottle _ two glasses of beer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。(4)He couldnt _ for joy.他不胜欢喜。contained,contains ,contains,contain himself4affect vt.影响；感动； (疾病 )侵袭be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动be affected by heat/cold 中暑 /着凉be affecte

7、d with high fever发高烧 即学即练 4(1)The amount of rain _ the growth of crops降.雨量直接影响庄稼生长。(2)One of her lungs _ a little so that she has to rest她.的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)The audience _ by his speech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。affects , is affected , were deeply affected5appreciatevt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢appreciation n. 欣赏；感激appreciate

8、 sth. (thank sb.)感激某事或某人appreciatedoing sth感.激做某事one/ones doing sth感.激某人做某事第 2 页 共 10 页I would appreciate it if. 如果 , ，我将不胜感激。 即学即练 5(1)He highly _.他非常感谢他的帮助。(2)We shall _ you again.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。(3)I really _ to the party.你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。(4)I would _ you could help me.如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。appreciated his

9、 helpappreciate hearing fromappreciate your comingappreciate it if6succeed v成功success n. U成功；成就 C 成功的人或事successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地succeed in doing sth.have success in doing sth.be successful in doing sth成.功做某事achieve great success取得巨大的成功sb./sth. is a success成功的人或事 即学即练 6(1)We all _ the

10、 mid term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。(2)Failure is the mother of _失.败是成功之母。(3)He was _ as a novelist.他是非常成功的小说家。succeeded in passing , success , a success7harm vt. & n 损害；危害harmful adj.有害的be harmful to do harm todo sb. harm do harm to sb对. , 有害There is no harm in doing sth.第 3 页 共 10 页 It does no har

11、m (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是个好主意 (或没有坏处 )。 即学即练 7(1)The dog seems fierce, but it won t _ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。(2)Fruit juice can _ children s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(3)He may say no, but _ asking他.可能拒绝， 但问一问也无妨。harm , be harmful to , there is no harm in8die out 灭亡，逐渐消失die out 绝种，灭绝；熄灭； (风俗、习惯等 )逐渐消失 di

12、e off(家族、种族等 )相继死亡； (草木 )先后枯死 die away(声音、光线、风等 )渐弱，渐息，平息die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等 )渐弱，渐息； (声音 )静下来 die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死 即学即练 8(1) Scientists said that those plants _ a century ago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。(2) Many old customs _.许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。(3)If the snowstorm does not blo

13、w over, the cattle will _.如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。(4)Open the air hole; the fire is _.把气孔打开，火要熄了。died out , are dying out , die off , dying down(5)Every winter some old people _ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。(6)Nowadays many people _ cancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。die from , die of9in danger (of.)处于危险之中out of danger 脱离危

14、险 即学即练 9第 4 页 共 10 页(1)The drowned girl was obviously_.很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)The old house is _ collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危险。(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _.他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。in immediate danger , in danger of , out of danger拓展：与 in/out of 搭配的短语in order 有秩序in sight 看得见in tro

15、uble 在困境中in line 成行 (队 )in place 适合 /当in fashion 时尚 out of order 出故障 (机器等工作不正常 )out of sight 看不见out of trouble 摆脱困境out of line 不成一直线out of place 不合适out of fashion 过时10protect.from/against. 保护 , 免受 , (的伤害 )defend.from/against.保卫 , 以抵制 ,keep sb. from doingstop sb. (from) doingprevent sb. (from) doing

16、阻止某人做 即学即练 10(1)Young plants should be well _ the cold.幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。(2)The hen _ its young _ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。(3)Everyone should take up arms to _ our country from invasion.每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。(4)Nothing can _ us _ realizing our dreams.什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。protected from , prot

17、ected , against , defend ,第 5 页 共 10 页stop , from提示： (1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from.(2) 在 protect.from/against. 结构中， from 和 against 后面常跟 sth.，有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。(3)主动句中 prevent/stop.from.中的 from 可省略，在被动句中

18、 from 不可省略，而 keep.from.中的 from 无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。11 pay attention to 注意Attention, please! 请注意！ (演讲用语 )(May I have your attention, please？)attract/catch/draw/get ones attention to吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on 将注意力集中于devote ones attention to 专心致志于call ones attention to 唤起某人对 , 的注意提示：

19、以上短语中的 to、on 都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。 即学即练 11(1)She _ her appearance.她很注重外表。(2)A great deal of attention has been _ protecting the environment.人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。paid much attention to , paid to12come into being 出现；形成；产生bring.into being 使形成；使产生for the time being 暂时；眼下 即学即练 12(1)We dont know when the universe

20、_.我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。(2)Such a custom _ long ago.这种风俗很久以前就有了。came into being , came into being提示：come into being 是不及物动词短语， 无被动形式， 无进行时。类似短语有：come into power 当权come into effect 生效come into action 开始行动第 6 页 共 10 页come into office 就职come into sight 看得见come into use 开始使用易 错 点 拨 自我完善 ?误区备考1. contain/include(1

21、)contain 意为“包含，含有，容纳，里面装有” ，指的是包含的全部内容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系，不用于进行时态。(2)include 意为“包含；连 , 在内，计入，算入，包括” ，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用 “ including 被包括部分”或“被包括部分 included”。如：Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球，也包括我 /我也在内。 应用 1 用 contain 和 include 的适当形式填空。(1)The Chinese

22、 diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _a lot of fruit and green vegetables.(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _ old people.(3)The _ can _ 100 litres of water.includes , including , container , contain2. affect/effect/influence(1)affect 常做及物动词，“影响，感动，感染” 。(2)eff

23、ect 常做名词，“结果，效果，作用，影响”，常用于词组：have an effect on/upon sb. 对 , 有影响， take effect 生效，实行， come/go into effect 开始生效，开始实施。(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词，表示“影响、感染”的意思时，是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。 它可以指坏的影响， 也可以指好的影响，这种影响常常是潜移默化的。 应用 2 (1)Probably we _ each other.(2)To _ a policy is to have an _ on it.influenced , affe

24、ct , effect高 效 作 业 自我测评 ?技能备考 .单词拼写1This hat will give p_ against the hot sun.2My wallet c_ two hundred yuan and my passport was lost when Iwas shopping.3Mrs Browns dog b_ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers第 7 页 共 10 页yesterday afternoon.4Both bees and butterflies belong to i_.5The mother

25、 is r_ her baby against mosquitoes.6Youd better _存(留 ) the money for future need.7Well go _(打猎 ) tomorrow.8We greatly _感(谢，感激 ) your timely help.9She turned her _注(意力 ) to new problems.10The dog looks _ 凶(恶 ). Youd better keep away from it. .单项选择1The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was

26、 forbidden todrive for speeding.A a; the B/; / C the; the Da; /2It is_that his English is_perfect.A sure; very B right; rather C exact; fairly D certain; quite3Stop _ this kind of snakes. They are _.A hunting; dying out Bto hunt; dying outC hunting; dying away Dto hunt; dying down4Id like to arrive

27、20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.A as soon as B as a result Cin case D so that5 Are you driving to the airport, sir? Id appreciate _ if you could give me alift.A that B you Cthis Dit6More attention should be _ equipment in our factory so that we can increaseour production.A paid to improving B paid to improve C taken to improveD taken to improving7 How many passengers were in the plane? It _ 100, 20 Chine