1、高中英语必修二Unit4知识点讲解及答案必修二第四单元 .词汇短语过关1respondvi.回答,答复;响应,作出反应response n. 回答,回复;反应respond to sb./sth回.答 (比 answer, reply to正式 ) respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用 , 回应某人 (事) respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分 )对医药有良好反应 response to sb./sth. 对(人 /物)的回答 /回复 /反应 in response to 作为对 , 的反应 即学即练 1(1)They still havent _
2、 my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。(2)He _ my suggestion _ a laugh/_ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。(3)His illness didnt _ treatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。(4)My mother opened the door _ the knock, but there was noone outside.听到敲门声后,我妈妈打开了门,但外面一个人都没有。responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to2c
3、ertain adj. 确定的;无疑的;某 (种 )(1)作“某 (种)”讲时,同义于 some.但 some 前不加冠词。for a certain reason for some reason 由于某种原因certain professorssome professors 某些教授a certain amount of time 相当一段时间(2)作“确信的,有把握的”讲时,同义于 sure.但是 certain 的主语既可以是人,也可用于 It is certain that.句型,而 sure 主语只能是人。“ be certain/sure从句” (人)有把握 /确信 , (表示主语
4、的信念 )be certain/sure of/about sth. 人()确信 (表示主语的信念 )be certain/sure to do sth. 必定 /肯定会做某事 (主语常为二、 三人称,表示说话人的信念 )“ make certain/sure从句”弄清楚 /确保 , make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure 确定地,确切地 (做状语 )第 1 页 共 10 页It is certain that. 一定会 , (不能用 sure) 即学即练 2(1)There was _ in his manner他.的
5、态度有点冷淡。(2)Are you _ it?你对此有把握吗?(3)He is _ his duty他.肯定会尽职。(4)_ he has wronged me我.确信他冤枉了我。(5)_ their team will win the match他.们队肯定会赢得比赛。a certain coldness,certain about/of,certain to do ,I m certainthat ,It s certain that3contain vt. 包含;容纳 (hold);抑制 ( control) 即学即练 3(1)His paper _ no mistakes at all
6、.他的试卷没有一点错误。(2)Orange juice _ things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。(3)This bottle _ two glasses of beer.这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。(4)He couldnt _ for joy.他不胜欢喜。contained,contains ,contains,contain himself4affect vt.影响;感动; (疾病 )侵袭be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动be affected by heat/cold 中暑 /着凉be affecte
7、d with high fever发高烧 即学即练 4(1)The amount of rain _ the growth of crops降.雨量直接影响庄稼生长。(2)One of her lungs _ a little so that she has to rest她.的一叶肺有些感染,所以她不得不休息。(3)The audience _ by his speech.听众被他的演讲深深打动了。affects , is affected , were deeply affected5appreciatevt. 欣赏;感激;喜欢appreciation n. 欣赏;感激appreciate
8、 sth. (thank sb.)感激某事或某人appreciatedoing sth感.激做某事one/ones doing sth感.激某人做某事第 2 页 共 10 页I would appreciate it if. 如果 , ,我将不胜感激。 即学即练 5(1)He highly _.他非常感谢他的帮助。(2)We shall _ you again.我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。(3)I really _ to the party.你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。(4)I would _ you could help me.如果你能帮助我,我将不胜感激。appreciated his
9、 helpappreciate hearing fromappreciate your comingappreciate it if6succeed v成功success n. U成功;成就 C 成功的人或事successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地succeed in doing sth.have success in doing sth.be successful in doing sth成.功做某事achieve great success取得巨大的成功sb./sth. is a success成功的人或事 即学即练 6(1)We all _ the
10、 mid term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。(2)Failure is the mother of _失.败是成功之母。(3)He was _ as a novelist.他是非常成功的小说家。succeeded in passing , success , a success7harm vt. & n 损害;危害harmful adj.有害的be harmful to do harm todo sb. harm do harm to sb对. , 有害There is no harm in doing sth.第 3 页 共 10 页 It does no har
11、m (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是个好主意 (或没有坏处 )。 即学即练 7(1)The dog seems fierce, but it won t _ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶,但它不会伤害任何人。(2)Fruit juice can _ children s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(3)He may say no, but _ asking他.可能拒绝, 但问一问也无妨。harm , be harmful to , there is no harm in8die out 灭亡,逐渐消失die out 绝种,灭绝;熄灭; (风俗、习惯等 )逐渐消失 di
12、e off(家族、种族等 )相继死亡; (草木 )先后枯死 die away(声音、光线、风等 )渐弱,渐息,平息die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等 )渐弱,渐息; (声音 )静下来 die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死 即学即练 8(1) Scientists said that those plants _ a century ago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。(2) Many old customs _.许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。(3)If the snowstorm does not blo
13、w over, the cattle will _.如果暴风雪不停息,牲畜就要死掉了。(4)Open the air hole; the fire is _.把气孔打开,火要熄了。died out , are dying out , die off , dying down(5)Every winter some old people _ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。(6)Nowadays many people _ cancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。die from , die of9in danger (of.)处于危险之中out of danger 脱离危
14、险 即学即练 9第 4 页 共 10 页(1)The drowned girl was obviously_.很明显,那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)The old house is _ collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危险。(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _.他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。in immediate danger , in danger of , out of danger拓展:与 in/out of 搭配的短语in order 有秩序in sight 看得见in tro
15、uble 在困境中in line 成行 (队 )in place 适合 /当in fashion 时尚 out of order 出故障 (机器等工作不正常 )out of sight 看不见out of trouble 摆脱困境out of line 不成一直线out of place 不合适out of fashion 过时10protect.from/against. 保护 , 免受 , (的伤害 )defend.from/against.保卫 , 以抵制 ,keep sb. from doingstop sb. (from) doingprevent sb. (from) doing
16、阻止某人做 即学即练 10(1)Young plants should be well _ the cold.幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。(2)The hen _ its young _ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。(3)Everyone should take up arms to _ our country from invasion.每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。(4)Nothing can _ us _ realizing our dreams.什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。protected from , prot
17、ected , against , defend ,第 5 页 共 10 页stop , from提示: (1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似,有时可互换。但是,对于较大的事情,如:敌人的入侵、天灾等,常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from.(2) 在 protect.from/against. 结构中, from 和 against 后面常跟 sth.,有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。(3)主动句中 prevent/stop.from.中的 from 可省略,在被动句中
18、 from 不可省略,而 keep.from.中的 from 无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。11 pay attention to 注意Attention, please! 请注意! (演讲用语 )(May I have your attention, please?)attract/catch/draw/get ones attention to吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on 将注意力集中于devote ones attention to 专心致志于call ones attention to 唤起某人对 , 的注意提示:
19、以上短语中的 to、on 都是介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词。 即学即练 11(1)She _ her appearance.她很注重外表。(2)A great deal of attention has been _ protecting the environment.人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。paid much attention to , paid to12come into being 出现;形成;产生bring.into being 使形成;使产生for the time being 暂时;眼下 即学即练 12(1)We dont know when the universe
20、_.我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。(2)Such a custom _ long ago.这种风俗很久以前就有了。came into being , came into being提示:come into being 是不及物动词短语, 无被动形式, 无进行时。类似短语有:come into power 当权come into effect 生效come into action 开始行动第 6 页 共 10 页come into office 就职come into sight 看得见come into use 开始使用易 错 点 拨 自我完善 ?误区备考1. contain/include(1
21、)contain 意为“包含,含有,容纳,里面装有” ,指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系,不用于进行时态。(2)include 意为“包含;连 , 在内,计入,算入,包括” ,只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分,其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用 “ including 被包括部分”或“被包括部分 included”。如:Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球,也包括我 /我也在内。 应用 1 用 contain 和 include 的适当形式填空。(1)The Chinese
22、 diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _a lot of fruit and green vegetables.(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _ old people.(3)The _ can _ 100 litres of water.includes , including , container , contain2. affect/effect/influence(1)affect 常做及物动词,“影响,感动,感染” 。(2)eff
23、ect 常做名词,“结果,效果,作用,影响”,常用于词组:have an effect on/upon sb. 对 , 有影响, take effect 生效,实行, come/go into effect 开始生效,开始实施。(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词,表示“影响、感染”的意思时,是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。 它可以指坏的影响, 也可以指好的影响,这种影响常常是潜移默化的。 应用 2 (1)Probably we _ each other.(2)To _ a policy is to have an _ on it.influenced , affe
24、ct , effect高 效 作 业 自我测评 ?技能备考 .单词拼写1This hat will give p_ against the hot sun.2My wallet c_ two hundred yuan and my passport was lost when Iwas shopping.3Mrs Browns dog b_ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers第 7 页 共 10 页yesterday afternoon.4Both bees and butterflies belong to i_.5The mother
25、 is r_ her baby against mosquitoes.6Youd better _存(留 ) the money for future need.7Well go _(打猎 ) tomorrow.8We greatly _感(谢,感激 ) your timely help.9She turned her _注(意力 ) to new problems.10The dog looks _ 凶(恶 ). Youd better keep away from it. .单项选择1The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was
26、 forbidden todrive for speeding.A a; the B/; / C the; the Da; /2It is_that his English is_perfect.A sure; very B right; rather C exact; fairly D certain; quite3Stop _ this kind of snakes. They are _.A hunting; dying out Bto hunt; dying outC hunting; dying away Dto hunt; dying down4Id like to arrive
27、20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.A as soon as B as a result Cin case D so that5 Are you driving to the airport, sir? Id appreciate _ if you could give me alift.A that B you Cthis Dit6More attention should be _ equipment in our factory so that we can increaseour production.A paid to improving B paid to improve C taken to improveD taken to improving7 How many passengers were in the plane? It _ 100, 20 Chine
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