1、人教英语七下Unit 11 How was your school trip不规则动词过去式变化规律不规则动词的一些变化规则不规则动词的变化规则作了归纳整理,分为以下几类,便于同学们更好地记忆。1三种动词形式变化(即原形,过去式,过去分词)一致的cast-cast-castcost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput-put-putset-set-setshut-shut-shutbroadcast-broadcast-broadcastbet-bet-betburst-burst-burstshed-shed
2、-shedrid-rid-ridspread-spread-spreadread-read-readread这个单词的过去式和过去分词虽然形式上和动词原形是一致的,但是发音有所变化,/ri:d/-/red/-/red/。2.省略原形动词中两个相同的字母中的其中一个,然后在词尾加-tweep-wept-weptsleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-sweptcreep-crept-creptfeel-felt-feltkneel-knelt-kneltsmell-smelt-smeltdwell-dwelt-dweltspell-spelt-speltspill-spilt-
3、spilt 这一类动词也有一个特点,那就是有字母组合-ee或者ll;同样的,也并不是说有这样的字母组合的不规则动词都是这样的变形了。flee-fled-fled,也基本符合这个规则,我们把它归入此类,不过它的过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d例外的动词也有,比如:swell-swelled-swelled/swollen3省略原形动词中两个相同字母中的其中一个speed-sped-spedfeed-fed-fedbleed-bled-bledmeet-met-metshoot-shot-shotlead-led-ledmislead-misled-misledplead-pled-pled这类动词
4、也是以字母-d或者-t结尾,中间的字母组合多数是-ee,当然这里把shoot和lead作为这一类归纳进去了。4.把原形动词的最后一个字母-d改成-tsend-sent-sentlend-lent-lentbend-bent-bentrend-rent-rentspend-spent-spentbuild-built-built这类动词的规则当然必须是以字母-d结尾的了。多数是-end这样的结尾。这里把build也归入了这一类了。而tend 和mend属于规则变化的动词5动词原形中有-ow,-aw,这些字母组合的,过去式中把这些组合改成-ew,过去分词在动词原形上再加字母-nblow-blew-
5、blowngrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knownthrow-threw-throwndraw-drew-drawn这里特别要提醒同学们注意的是,flewflown并不是动词flow的过去式和过去分词,而是动词fly的过去式和过去分词,而动词flow是一个规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词是flowed-flowed:fly-flew-flownflow-flowed-flowed另外,有-ow字母组合的动词slow 也是规则变化。另一些的有-ow,-ew字母组合的不规则动词变化是过去式加-ed,过去分词在原形动词的基础上加-n,例如:show-showed-shownsow-
6、sowed-sownmow-mowed-mownsew-sewed-sewnhew-hewed-hewn6原形动词中含有字母组合-ind的,在过去式和过去分词中都变成-oundfind-found-foundwind-wound-woundbind-bound-boundgrind-ground-ground当然,这一类动词中也有一些例外,比如,mind就是一个规则变化的动词。7动词原形中有字母组合-in或者-ing或者-ink,过去式中把字母-i变成-a,过去分词中把-i变成-ubegin-began-begunsing-sang-sungring-rang-rungspring-spran
7、g-sprungsink-sank-sunkdrink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swum这里,我们把swim也归入了此类动词,而像link这个动词也是例外,是一个规则变化的动词。而think是另一种变化的不规则动词,可以参看第九点。此外,以-ing结尾的不规则动词,还有一种变化方式是将字母-i改成-u,过去式和过去分词一致,例如:cling-clung-clungfling-flung-flungsting-stung-stungstring-strung-strungswing-swung-swungsling-slung-slung另外,动词shrink既可以归入此类中的
8、上面一种情况shrink-shrank-shrunk,也可以归入后一种情况shrink-shrunk-shrunk,而slink只属于后一种情况。slink-slunk-slunk8不规则动词以-m,-n,-l,-r结尾的,过去式和过去分词在原形动词词尾加-t或者-dmean-meant-meantleanleant-leantlearn-learnt-learntdream-dreamt-dreamtburn-burnt-burntdeal-dealt-dealtspoil-spoilt-spoilthear-heard-heard这类动词大多有两种方式变化,既可以在词尾加-t,也可以加-e
9、d,例如:learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned.过去式和过去分词都有-ought的think-thought-thoughtfight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-boughtbring-brought-broughtseek-sought-sought另外有两个动词,原形动词以-ch结尾的,过去式和过去分词都有-aught的,我们也把它们归入了此类teach-taught-taughtcatch-caught-caught10.动词原形是以元音字母-i加辅音字母加不发音的-e结尾的,一般是在过去式中将字母改成-o,过去分词在原形动词基础上
10、加-n或者双写这个辅音字母再加-narise-arose-arisenrise-rose-risenride-rode-riddenwrite-wrote-writtensmite-smote-smittendrive-drove-drivenstrive-strove-strivengive-gave-given这里我们把give也将就归纳入内了。另一种情况是,过去分词中去掉这个不发音的-e,然后过去分词双写这个辅音字母再加-n的,例如:hide-hid-hiddenbite-bit-bitten2 |动词slide的变化又有点不一样,slide-slid-slid。11.动词原形中有-ea
11、或者-ee或者-oo的字母组合的不规则动词,动词过去式是将这个字母组合改成-o,然后在词尾加-e,过去分词是在过去式的基础上再加-n,例如:break-broke-brokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolenweave-wove-woventread-trod-troddenfreeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosenwake-woke-wokenawake-awoke-awoken这里我们把wake和它的同根词也归入其中。动词leave是一个例外leave-left-left12.动词原形中有字母组合-ay的,过去式和过
12、去分词改成-aid,例如:say-said-saidpay-paid-paidlay-laid-laid当然,may是一个例外,may-might-might13.情态动词只有过去式的变化will-wouldcan-couldshall-shouldmay在这一类中还是一个例外,may-might-might14.变动动词原形中的元音字母的win-won-wondig-dug-dugspin-spun-spunstick-stuck-stuckhang-hung-hung(悬挂)hold-held-heldsit-sat-satspit-spat-spatshine-shone-shone15
13、.另外还有一些都有相同的字母组合,变化相同的,因为例子较少,我们把它们列在一起,作为一组一组来记忆。shake-shook-shakenforsake-forsook-forsaken(make是例外,make-made-made,take-took-takenbake是规则变化)mistake-mistook-mistakenwear-wore-wornbear-bore-borntear-tore-torn(例外的动词fear, hear等)swear-swore-swornsell-sold-soldtell-told-toldstand-stood-stoodunderstand-un
14、derstood-understoodmisunderstand-misunderstood-misunderstoodcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeget-got-gottenforget-forgot-forgottengo-went-goneundergo-underwent-undergone要补充说明一点的是,不规则动词加了前缀之后,它的变化和它的同根词变化相同。例如:do-did-doneoverdo-overdid-overdone还有一点建议给大家,在记忆不规则动词时,最好把三个形式作为一个整体来记忆,这样印象会比较深刻,在做题目和自己运用时才不会出错。而且尚有一些还无法归类的动词,只能靠大家死记硬背了lie-lay-lain (tie,die规则变化)run-ran-runbeat-beat-beatenstrike-struck-struck
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