中英文对照驻英国大使在英皇家国际问题研究所的演讲.docx

1、中英文对照驻英国大使在英皇家国际问题研究所的演讲驻英国大使在英皇家国际问题研究所的演讲从“十二五”规划看中国的科学发展与和平发展中国驻英国大使刘晓明在英皇家国际问题研究所的演讲2011年3月17日The 12th Five-Year Plan: Chinas Scientific and Peaceful Development-Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the Royal Institute of International Affairs17 March 2011, Chatham House尊敬的尼布利特所长，女士们，先生们：Dr

2、 Robin Niblett,Ladies and gentlemen,今天能在英国皇家国际问题研究所这个具有近百年历史、全球知名的国际关系研究机构演讲，我深感荣幸。我对皇研所是未谋其面，先闻其名。20多年前我在美国工作，经常参加一些学术活动，研讨中不时提到的一个专有名词是“皇研所规则”（Chatham House Rule），从中我得知了隔着大西洋的皇研所。来英国后，通过与尼布利特所长等皇研所专家的交流，我对贵所独立思考、深入分析的传统也有了更多了解。It is my great honour to address Chatham House, an institute with a wor

3、ld reputation and a long history. I first heard about Chatham House more than 20 years ago when I was working in the United States. Chatham House rule was often applied in the academic events I attended. Thanks to Dr Niblett and his colleagues, I have learned much more about Chatham House and its pr

4、oud tradition of independent thinking and profound scholarship since I came to the UK.今天我演讲的主题是未来中国的发展。刚刚结束的中国全国人大审议通过了 “十二五”规划，这是中国未来五年的发展蓝图。因此，我认为，讲中国未来的发展，最好就是解读一下“十二五”规划，从中管窥中国发展思路和方向。My topic today is Chinas future development. To understand the thinking and the direction of Chinas development

5、for the next 5 years, we need to take a closer look at the 12th Five Year Plan that was adopted at the recent annual parliamentary session in China.我认为，“十二五”规划释放的发展思路主要就是两点，一是科学发展，二是和平发展。As far as I can see, the 12th Five-Year Plan boils down into two key terms scientific development and peaceful de

6、velopment.关于科学发展，可能一些西方人都不是太理解“科学”这个词，我想再用四个关键词来解释一下，这就是：平衡、包容、全面和绿色。Some people in the West may be curious about the term scientific development. I think it can be explained in four words: balanced, inclusive, comprehensive and green development.说“平衡”，就是说中国经济发展方式要转型，经济结构要调整。当前中国经济发展速度和经济规模均位居世界前列，但

7、中国目前“低价工业化”发展模式正受到严峻挑战，“大而不强、快而不优”的发展现状亟需改变。“十二五”规划中将未来五年中国经济增速目标定为7%，这比改革开放三十年来中国平均年增长10%明显放缓，也略低于上一个五年规划时确定的7.5%的目标。这一“量”的减慢将为“质”的提升留出空间，我们就可以抓住时机促进经济发展方式实现四个重大转变：Balanced means China must upgrade its growth model and economic structure. Being the second largest economy, China may lead the world i

8、n growth rate and economic size, yet its low-cost industrialisation model is exhausting its potential. So China must go beyond size and speed to achieve strength and quality. This is why the economy is set to grow by 7% annually in the next 5 years, which is a marked slowdown from the double digit g

9、rowth over the past 3 decades. This slower quantitative growth will make more room for higher qualitative growth and create conditions for 4 major transitions:一是从依赖投资和出口拉动的增长方式向消费、投资、出口相协调转变。二是从凭借廉价劳动力优势向创新驱动、内生增长方式转变。三是从传统产业为主向发展战略性新兴产业和现代服务业，形成多元支撑的方式转变。四是从“透支”资源和环境的粗放增长方式向低碳、绿色的发展方式转变。a move from

10、 reliance on investment and export to balanced growth driven by consumption, investment and export;a shift from low labour cost to home-grown innovation;a change from traditional industries to emerging strategic industries and modern services;and an evolution from energy and resources consuming deve

11、lopment to low-carbon and green growth.说“包容”，就是要让每一个中国人生活得更加幸福、更有尊严，使发展成果惠及全体人民。当前，中国国民收入分配中存在居民收入和劳动报酬占GDP比重过低、基尼指数偏高等问题，同时公共服务水平尚未能适应经济发展的步伐。如何迈过所谓的“中等收入陷阱”？“十二五”规划明确提出，我们将大力发展社会事业，保障和改善民生。一是要促进民富，让老百姓“钱袋子”尽快鼓起来，力争用三到五年的时间把城乡居民收入占GDP的比重提高10个百分点。二是加强社会建设，提高公共服务能力。政府要知民情，解民忧，化民怨，暖民心。三是提高社会保障水平，让老百姓安

12、居乐业。未来5年，中国将重点在农村社会保险体系、城镇职工和居民社会保险制度以及最低生活保障制度等三个方面迈出更大步伐，从而更好地实现“学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养和住有所居”这一目标。By inclusive, we mean we want to deliver a happier and more dignified life for every Chinese and make sure that we all share in the benefits of our development. The ratio of earnings to GDP in China rema

13、ins low, and the Gini Coefficient is high. The quality of public services is far from matching the pace of economic growth. To overcome the middle income trap, the 12th Five-Year Plan rightly gives priority to strengthening social programmes and improving peoples living standards. To this end, we ne

14、ed to put more money in peoples pockets and raise the ratio of income to GDP by 10 percent over the next 3 to 5 years, and provide better public services. The government must listen to the people, understand their hopes and worries and tries its best to help them. Major steps will be taken in the ne

15、xt 5 years to strengthen the social safety net for farmers, urban workers and residents, and put in place a mechanism that ensures the minimum living allowance. In this way, we will make steady progress towards providing all our citizens with a good education, a decent income, quality health care, a

16、n old age pension and suitable housing.说“全面”，是指经济、社会、政治、文化建设要齐头并进，缺一不可。“十二五”规划明确提出中国将以更大的决心和勇气全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等各方面改革创新，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性，从根本上破除体制机制障碍，最大限度解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义。西方一些人总认为，中国只发展经济，不重视社会建设；只搞经济改革，不进行政治改革。这是对中国全面改革和全面发展的一种误识。中国改革开放30多年来，政治体制改革一直随经济体制改革推进、深化。我们的人民代表大会制度、中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，

17、在中国政治生活中的地位和作用越来越大。我们的民主法制建设不断加强，几千年形成的人治社会正在向法治社会转变。我们的党内民主越来越生动，废除终身制，引进竞争上岗机制，实行任前公示，扩大基层党组织直选和中央、地方党委的差额选举比例。我们的基层民主越来越活跃，在中国农村，村长现在都是由村民直选，村务都要向村民公开。“十二五”规划重申了中国将积极稳妥推进政治体制改革，扩大社会主义民主，完善社会主义法制，使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化，为科学发展提供有力保障。我们将不断加强政府自身改革建设，牢记政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，必须对人民负责，为人民谋利益，接受人民监督。我们将最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管

18、理国家和社会事务，管理经济和文化事业。我们将坚持依法治国基本方略，加强维护群众利益的法规建设，推进依法行政。中国政治体制改革的步伐从来没有停滞，今后也不会停滞。By comprehensive, we want to ensure progress on every front, be it economic or social, political or cultural. The 12th Five Year Plan calls for bolder steps in reform and innovation across all of these areas. This will h

19、elp to improve coordination and decision-making, break institutional barriers to productivity and promote social justice. Some people in the West believe that China only focuses on economic growth and ignores social progress, and that it only carries out economic reform, not political reform. This i

20、s a misunderstanding. Over the past 30 years, political reform has come with economic changes every step of the way. We have seen the growing role of the National Peoples Congress and multi-party political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party. Democratic decision making and the l

21、egal system have been strengthened, with the millennium-old pattern of rule by man giving way to the rule of law. Democracy within the party is also developing rapidly. Life-long tenures of leadership position were abolished many years ago and competitive promotion with public consultation is becomi

22、ng the norm. Direct election at village level was expanded and multi-candidate elections for offices at both central and local levels have been expanded. The 12th Five-Year Plan reaffirms that China will move ahead with political reform, and improve socialist democracy and the rule of law. We will i

23、ncrease government accountability, subject officials to scrutiny by the general public and build a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The peoples participation in state as well as economic and cultural affairs is also being encouraged and protected. We will stay committed to

24、 the rule of law. Chinas political reform has never stopped and will not stop in the future.说“绿色”，就是要考虑生态成本，重视生态效益。“十二五”规划提出，未来五年中国将加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，大力发展循环经济，加大环境保护力度，积极应对全球气候变化，增强可持续发展能力，切实遵守为应对气候变化问题而向国际社会作出的庄严承诺。具体目标是非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%，单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%，主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%，森林蓄积量增加6亿

25、立方米，森林覆盖率达到21%以上。我经常提醒英国企业家们，过去，中国先看投资项目能否产生经济效益，现在首先要看是否符合环保要求。对外来投资，中国现在再也不是来者不拒，而是严格限制高污染、高能耗和资源型项目，鼓励外资投向符合发展潮流的高端制造业、高新技术产业、现代服务业、新能源和节能环保产业。By green, we are stressing the need to reduce environmental costs of development. The 12th Five-Year Plan calls for building a resource-efficient and envi

26、ronment-friendly society, that is to say, we need to better protect the environment and address the issues around climate change. This has resulted in specific targets, which include:Raising the share of non fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to 11.4%;Reducing energy and carbon dioxide inten

27、sities by 16% and 17% respectively;Cutting the discharge of main pollutants by 8-10%;Increasing forest stock by 600 million cubic metres and forest coverage to 21%.I often remind business leaders in this country who are interested in doing business in China that in the past, foreign-invested project

28、s were evaluated on the basis of their economic returns. Now it is environmental impact, as China no longer welcomes polluting, energy-and-resources-consuming businesses. Instead it encourages foreign investors to channel their capital into high-end manufacturing, high-tech industries, modern servic

29、es, new energy and environment-friendly projects.“十二五”规划释放的第二大信息就是：和平发展。中国将继续奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持互利共赢的开放战略，同世界各国一道推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。The 12th Five-Year Plan also sends another message peaceful development. China remains committed to an independent and peaceful foreign policy. It believes in wi

30、n-win opening-up and hopes to work with countries to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.认识中国的“和平发展”，我认为主要应把握三点：To understand Chinas peaceful development, we need to be aware of 3 key points:第一，“和平发展”是“科学发展”的必然要求。当今的时代是全球化的时代，中国与世界的关系日益紧密，中国的前途命运日益同世界的前途命运紧密联系在一起。中国要实现科学发

31、展，必须有一个和平的国际环境，必须要加强同世界各国的合作。我们与周边国家加强睦邻友好和务实合作；与发达国家增强互信，深化合作；与广大发展中国家巩固传统友谊，扩大互利合作。我们将以自己的科学发展促进地区和世界的共同发展，以自己的和平发展促进地区稳定和世界和平。First, peaceful development is a natural extension of our scientific development. We live in a globalised world and in an era of increasing independence among countries. C

32、hinas future has never been so closely linked to that of the rest of the world. Chinas scientific development calls for international cooperation and a peaceful environment. China has worked hard to deepen its friendship and cooperation with its neighbours, with developed countries and other developing countries. China will, through its scientific and peaceful development, contribute ever more to peace and development of the region and the world.第二，和平发展的基本要义是开放、合作和互利共赢。Second, Chinas peaceful development is open, cooperative and win-win to others.中国的和平发展