初二八年级上下册英语每单元知识点.docx

1、初二八年级上下册英语每单元知识点初二(八年级)上册英语第一单元知识点一、短语1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加s/es。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next.用一般将来时，结

2、构：will + v原 be going to +v原(没有动词用be )4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般过去时动词加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day每天,write down 写下，记下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的,how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做.怎么样 each other 互相.thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢 回答Thats all ri

3、ght. =Youre welcome.= ThatOK.= Its my pleasure.=Not at all.Why dont you+V原.=why not+.V原 为什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人 help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事with ones help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，(现在没有做，做过)watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see, hear类似reme

4、mber to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议,why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误,correct spelling正确的拼写, what else?=what other thing

5、s? 还有什么a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take ones advice采用别人的建议,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取send up发射. all the time一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可数)much(不可数)许多 , ,spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事sb. spend some

6、 time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间ask for 请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物ask sb. to do sth.要求

7、某人做某事 a piece of一块enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ingplace sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在里面else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为elses.take a deep breath深呼吸, catchhold ones breath屏住呼吸,out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,

8、the number of 的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of， a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 try ones best尽某人最大的努力,a group of 一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某

9、物,lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物 keep借一段时间practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾look up 向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over检查，翻阅 ,look out当心，向外看 , look through仔细查看,be ready for

10、=get ready for=prepare for为, be ready准备好 ,be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事 translateinto 将译成，take a message捎个信， leave a message留个信，be good for 对有好处， be good at =do well in擅长于be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长 Think of 想起，think about想出， think over仔细考虑，else修饰不定代词something,everything

11、,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，3,read看书，报，4,look就看。 看场电影要用see，读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.make+宾语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样;mak

12、e friends with sb.与某人交朋友，hear of听说， hear from收到某人的来信，be bad for对有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质 kind, goodnice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等write to 给写信， next to 在旁边，do some concerts办音乐会， speak to sb.和

13、某人讲话，say hello to sb. 给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见，show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地， learn sth from sb.向某人学习choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,match with把和搭配起来建议：1.why dont you do sth?=why not do sth?2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth?3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remembe

14、r to do sth.5.Dont forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ?7.Lets do sth. 8.Itsa good idea to do9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do11.Youd better (not )do sth.回答：Thats a good idea.Thanks a lot.Great, OK. Thats right. All right. Good idea. Sure.二、句型1. 疑问词 how 的用法(1) 怎样，用什么手段，方法/交通工具How are you? / How

15、 is she?How did he do it? / I dont know how to swim.How do you come to school?(2) 情况如何(指身体健康状况) How are you?(3) how many，how much 表示多少其中how much 还可以表示钱数。how many 后接可数名词复数，how much 接不可数名词。How many times do you go to the park?How many pens do you want?How much water do we drink every day?How much are

16、those pants?(4) how often 是对动作发生的“次数”提问，询问的是频率“多久一次”回答可以是：Every day. / Once a week. / Three times a week. / Often. / How often do you play tennis?How often do you surf the Internet?(5) How old ? 询问年龄 How old are you? I am five.(6) How about ? 如何?怎么样? How about going to the movies?2. time 表示不可数名词，意为“

17、时间”。表示可数名词，意为“次数，倍数”What time is it?I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次数”的表达方法一次 once，两次 twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上 times：three times, five times, one hundred times表示“几次”的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year2. exercise v./ n. shop v./ n.He often exercises on

18、weekends.We often do / take exercise on weekends.We often shop on weekends.There are many shops in the neighborhood.4. as for 意为“就而论;至于”As for fruit，I eat it sometimes.As for him，I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。5. My mother wants me to drink it. 我妈妈想要我喝。want to do sth. 想要做某事want sb. to

19、do sth. 想要某人干某事Do you want to go to the movies with me? 你想和我一起去看电影吗?I want you to help me with my math. 我想要你帮我学数学。有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语：ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事6. She says its good for my health.她说它对我的健康有意。be good for 表示“对有益(有好处)”其反义为：be bad f

20、or 对有害/无益Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Drinking milk is good for your health.喝牛奶对你的健康有益。Reading English is good for studying English.对英语对学习英语有益/有帮助。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. usually when I come home from school通常是在我从学校回家时When + 从句 当时候I often stay at home whe

21、n it is rainy.8. I try to eat a lot of vegetables. try to do sth. 尽量/尽力做某事Ill try to learn English well. 我会尽量尝试学好英语的。You must try to take more exercise. 你必须尽量多做运动。9. I look after my health. look after 照顾My brother is ill. I have to look after him today.我的弟弟病了。我今天不得不照顾他。All the students must look aft

22、er the desks and chairs.有的学生必须照看好课桌椅。He often helps his mother look after his little sister.他经常帮助他的妈妈照顾他的小弟弟。10. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.我健康的生活方式帮助我取得好的成绩。help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事She often helps me learn math. 她经常帮助我学数学。11. Good food and exercise help me to study better.好的食

23、物和运动帮助我学习得更好。help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事12. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?= Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle?她的生活方式和你的一样或是不同?be the same as / be different from 与一样/与不同She looks the same as her sister. 她看起来跟她的妹妹很像。This b

24、ook is different from that one. 这本书跟那本书不一样。13. I think Im kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。kind of = a little a kind of 一种14. maybe (adv.) = perhaps 也许，可能 Maybe he knows the answer.Maybe theyll go skateboarding. He may know the answer.15. although = though 虽然 Although hes ill, he goes to school on time.虽

25、然他生病了，但他还是准时上学。She eats a lot of chocolate, although she is very fat.虽然她很胖，但她却吃许多的巧克力。16. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.A lot of = lots of = many/ much 许多keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthykeep + 形容词 表保持某种状态Keep quiet! The baby is sleeping.那婴儿正在睡觉，保持安静!We must kee

26、p our classroom clean.我们必须保持我们的教室干净。17. 注意 sometimes 与几个形似的词的区别。(1) sometime 是副词，意为“在某个时候;某时”Will you come again sometime next week?下周的某个时候你会再来吗?She was there sometime last year.她去年某时去过那。(2) some time 是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用I will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。He worked for that company for some t

27、ime.他为那家电脑公司工作了一阵子。(3) some times 是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”I met him some times in the street last month.上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。The factory is some times larger than that one.这间工厂比那间大好几倍。(4) sometimes 是频度副词，意为“有时”He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends.他有时周末去滑滑板。18. That sounds interesting. 那听起来有趣。look(看起来)，sound

28、(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(觉得)，seem(好象)，grow(变得) ,get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。初二(八年级)上册英语第二单元知识点一、词语：1.matter: mt1)名词 n. 事情;问题;事件CIt was a matter of life and death for them.这事对他们来说是生死攸关。What is the matter with this car?这辆汽车出了什么毛病?2)不及

29、物动词 vi.(常用于否定句和疑问句)有关系,要紧。It does not matter(if)(即使也)不要紧 例如：When talking about fighting battles, Comrade Liu Bocheng often quotes a Sichuan proverb It does not matter if it is a yellow cat or a black cat, as long as it catches mice.2.back: bk1)名词 n. 背脊,背部C(in and on 的用法)Someone patted me on the back. 有人在我背上轻轻地拍了一下。后部the S(+of)Grandpa and grandma sat in the back of the car.2)副词 adv.在原处;回原处come back形容词 adj. Z后面的,后部的He sat in the back seat of the car. 他坐在车子后面的座位上。3.Rest:rest1)不及物动词 vi. 休息;睡; rests with sb ,2) 及物动词 The doctor tried to rest his patient