高考英语新课标地区专用版大二轮讲义专题二 阅读理解 第一节 一.docx

1、高考英语新课标地区专用版大二轮讲义专题二 阅读理解 第一节 一高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成3篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年浙江卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点： 年份内容2019.62018.112018.62017.11语篇ABCABCABCABC文体记叙文说明文说明文说明文说明文记叙文记叙文说明文说明文记叙文说明文说明

2、文难度易中难易中难易中难易中中细节理解题211/2/122/12推理判断题1113122/1311主旨大意题/2/1/1/1/词义猜测题/1/1/1/1/由以上统计可看出，浙江卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。一、解题四步法第一步：扫描题干，划关键定位词，区分题型和预测文章主要内容。第二步：通读全文，抓住中心。1通读全文，抓两个重点：(1)段中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题。(2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。其他部分略读，有重

3、点地读。2抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：(1)文章叙述的主要内容是什么？ (2)文章中有无提到核心概念？(3)作者的大致态度是什么？第三步：仔细审题，返回原文。仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩。定位原则：(1)通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)(2)自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。第四步：重叠选项，选出答案。1通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较重叠选项，选出答案。2做题练习要求：要有选一

4、个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。二、研读答案特征1正确答案的特征：(1)正确答案经常与中心思想有关。(2)正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。(3)正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说和反话正说。(4)从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can，may，might，possible，not necessarily，some。(5)正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。2.错误答案的特征：第一大层次：(1)无中生有。原文中未提及的概念；(2)正反混淆。选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反；(3)答非所问。虽然选项的

5、说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边。第二大层次：(1)过分绝对；(2)扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly); (3)因果倒置；(4)常识判断；(5)推得过远；(6)偏离中心。 三、四大题型及对策(一)细节理解题细节理解题一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题等。细节题的正确选项通常有以下特征：1再现原文；2对原文进行改写；3对原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化；4正话反说、

6、无中生有(适用于三正一误的是非题)。细节题的干扰项特点：1文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题；2偷换概念。符合常识，但不是文章的内容；3无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及；4.正误并存。信息部分正确，部分错误。(二)推理判断题题干中常含有以下词语：infer/imply/suggest/indicate/conclude/learn from。此类试题难度较大，但请记住一句做题基本原则“推理主题和细节”。意思是说推理题不是根据文章主题推理就是根据文章细节推理。一般来说，

7、在一篇文章后的3或4道试题中，若该推理题出现在第一道和第四道，应该联系文章主题进行推理，也就是说要找到文章的主题句然后进行同义改写即可得到正确答案；若是该推理题出现在四道题的中间部分则是根据文章细节进行推理，按照细节题基本的细节定位原则也可以较快地解决问题。(三)主旨大意题 题干中常含有以下词语：main idea/mainly/mainly discuss/mainly concerned/central/primary。主旨大意题最关键的就是把握主题句和主题词。主题词通常在文章中出现频率较高，往往会在第一段出现，且带有概括性。有的类型的文章没有明显的主题句，但可以通过找主题词的方法解决此类

8、试题，主题词就是文中出现频率最高的一个单词，一般情况下为名词，记住一句话：主旨大意题的正确选项一定包含主题词！这样一来就很快可以排除若干干扰选项而一眼看出正确选项了。也可以运用逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误：1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题； 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证； 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。(四)词义猜测题词义猜测

9、题的难度深浅不一，但究其根源，无非两种基本解题方法：联系上下文和构词法。联系上下文就是看相邻的两句话或者是一句话内部主句和从句之间的关系，是同义延伸还是反义驳斥，找到句子之间的关系后再找相应位置单词(或句子)的同义词或反义词就易如反掌了。构词法则是根据一个较难单词的词根、前后缀或是词组的后接介、副词分析出该单词或词组的大概含义，然后对照四个选项找出最接近的一个答案。(以上四种题型将在第二节分类突破中有详细讲解和具体练习。)第一节细节理解题一、事实细节题(20196月浙江，A)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military(军队

10、的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors，Zac tracks down the medals rightful owners，and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother，a Purple Heart with the name Corrado AG.Piccoli，found in an anti

11、que shop.Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Hearthe earned one himself in a war as a soldier.So when his mother gave him the medal，he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet，Zac tracked down Corrados sister Adeline Rockko.But when he finally reached her，the woman flooded him with quest

12、ions：“Who are you？What antique shop？” However，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had handled the call.So she called Zac back and apologized.Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown，N.Y.“At that point，I knew she meant business，” Zac says.“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”The Piccolis gr

13、ew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown.Corrado，a translator for the Army during WW，was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac，Adeline hadnt realized the medal was missing.Like many military medals，the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure.“This medal was very pre

14、cious to my parents.Only on special occasions(场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands，” Adeline says.As a child，Adeline couldnt understand why the medal was so significant.“But as I grew older，” Adeline says，“and missed my brother more and more，I realized that was the only thing w

15、e had left.” Corrado Piccolis Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama.Since he first reunited Corrados medal，Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Zac的一个不同寻常的业余爱好：当在古董店或者网上找到旧的军队勋

16、章时，他会设法找到其合法的主人并且归还。21Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?AIn the army.BIn an antique shop.CFrom his mother.DFrom Adeline Rockko.答案A解+析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he earned one himself in a war as a soldier”可知，Zac曾经在战场上获得过紫心勋章，故选A项。22What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?AShe was very

17、 impolite.BShe was serious about the medal.CShe suspected his honesty.DShe came from a wealthy family.答案B解+析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“At that point，I knew she meant business， Zac says.To drive eight hours to come to see me.”可推知，Adeline很在意这枚勋章，mean business(非正式)当真，认真。故选B项。23What made Adeline treasure the Purple

18、Heart?AHer parents advice.BHer knowledge of antiques.CHer childhood dream.DHer memory of her brother.答案D解+析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Adeline couldnt understand.missed my brother more and more.the only thing we had left”可知，这枚紫心勋章代表着Adeline对在战场上牺牲的兄弟的深切怀念和记忆，故选D项。一、题型解读事实细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介

19、绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。二、解题技巧题干定位，寻找信息“题干定位法”是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法。事实细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可以确定最佳答案。“题干定位法”分为三步：第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第21题，题干中的定位词为a Purple Heart medal；第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子。例如

20、上面【真题感悟】中的第21题，由定位词a Purple Heart medal我们可以迅速浏览到第二段中的关键信息he earned one himself in a war as a soldier；第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第21题，分析句子和选项可知A项正确。A(2019河北衡水中学一联)Old Falls MoviesJune 28thBeauty & the BeastDisneys classic takes on a new form，with a widened fairy tale and an allstar cast.A young

21、 prince,1imprisoned in the form of a beast，can be freed only by true love.What may be his only opportunity arrives when he meets Belle，the only human girl to ever visit the castle since his being turned into a beast.July 12thThe Emoji(表情) MovieThe Emoji Movie 2unlocks a secret world inside your smar

22、tphone.11Hidden within the messaging app is Textopolis，a city where all your favorite emojis live with only one facial expression except Gene who has multiple expressions.Determined to become “normal” like the other emojis，Gene asks Hi5 and Jailbreak to help through the apps on the phone to find the

23、 Code that will fix him.July 19thJumanji：Welcome to the JungleIn a new Jumanji adventure，four kids discover an old video game and are 7drawn into the games jungle setting，becoming the adult avatars(化身)To beat the game and return to the real world alive，theyll have to find a map and change the way th

24、ey think about themselvesor theyll be 6stuck in the game forever.August 9thPeter RabbitPeter Rabbit，his three sisters and their cousin Benjamin enjoy troubling Mr McGregor in his vegetable garden until he dies.When one of Mr McGregors relatives moves in，he finds much more than he 3bargained for.What

25、 follows is a battle of 9wills between the new Mr McGregor and the rabbits.However，something happens and his feelings towards them begin to change.1When can the audience see a film about true love?AOn July 19th.BOn June 28th.COn August 9th.DOn July 12th.答案B解+析细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“A young prince，imprisone

26、d in the form of a beast，can be freed only by true love.”可知，美女和野兽是一部关于真爱的电影，上映日期是6月28日，故B项正确。2How is Gene special?AHe lives in a secret world alone.BHe can help others through an app.CHe is the favorite emoji of the world.DHe has more than one facial expression.答案D解+析细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Hidden within th

27、e messaging app is Textopolis，a city where all your favorite emojis live with only one facial expression except Gene who has multiple expressions.”可知，吉恩的特别之处在于他有多种面部表情，故D项正确。3What should adventurers do to win in the game?ADress up as adults.BDiscover an old video game.CDraw a map about the jungle.DT

28、hink about themselves differently.答案D解+析细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“To beat the game and return to the real world alive，theyll have to find a map and change the way they think about themselvesor theyll be stuck in the game forever.”可知，要想游戏通关，活着回到现实世界，冒险者们必须要改变对自己的看法，故D项正确。B(2019山东青岛模拟)The Great Wall，ChinaStretc

29、hing over 21,000 kilometers，the Great Wall was built to prevent invasions and has a history of more than 2,000 years.UNESCO in February 2019 calls it an absolute masterpiece，not only because of the ambitious character of the undertaking but also the perfection of its construction.But perfection isnt

30、 protection.51.2 percent of the Great Wall either has had already disappeared or is at a 8significant risk of disappearing.Besides for wind and rain erosion，the main reasons for the 4destruction of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism，construction，human contact and so on.Pamukkale，Turkey

31、Pamukkale，which means “cotton castle” in Turkish，is famous for its shining white calcite terraces(方解石阶地) with warm and mineralrich waters flowing.Before 5being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988，Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human activities.People used hot spring water to fill swimming pools，some visitors stood on the rocks and some eve