七年级下英语语法知识点情态动词时态.docx

1、七年级下英语语法知识点情态动词时态七年级下英语语法知识点（情态动词，时态）七年级下英语语法知识点总结(一): 一(情态动词: 1. can的用法: (1)表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如:She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看。 (2)表示许可，常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 (3)表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时cant

2、译为“不可能”。如:Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗,Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗,No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。 2. could的用法 (1)can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。 (2)could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me

3、你能帮我个忙吗,Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?Yes, you can.可以。 3. must的用法: (1) must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗, (2)对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答或dont have to .如:Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗 (3) must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句

4、。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。 4. have to的用法 (1)have to 与其他情态动词一样也是后接动词原形，表示外界的强制作用，强调被迫性。含有不情愿的色彩，常译为“必须，不得不”。 (2)have to 可用于多种时态，而且不同时态使用不同的形式:一般现在时中，主语为第三人称单数时用has to ; 一般过去时中，用 had to。 have to 还可以用在其他的情态动词之后。例如: I have to do some washing. 我必须洗洗衣服。 She has to look aft

5、er her little sister. 她不得不照顾她的小妹妹。 I had to do my homework last night. 昨晚我不得不做作业。 I think he may have to help his Dad in the garden. 我想他可能不得不在花园里帮他爸爸。 (3)have to 的否定式和疑问式一般要借用助动词do的适当形式构成。have to 的否定式是dont have to; has to 的否定式是doesnt have to; had to 的否定式是didnt have to。have to的疑问式同样也借用助动词do的相应形式构成。 例

6、如: He doesnt have to do the homework now. 1 他没有必要现在做作业。 Do I have to go there now? 我现在就得去那儿吗, Yes, you do. (No, you dont have to.) 是的，你必须去。(不，你不必。) We didnt have to answer the question yesterday. 昨天我们没有必要回答这个问题。 练习: 一(用can,could, must, have to的适当形式填空: 1. You _ return the library book on time. 2. I _

7、 (not) find the way to the hospital. _ you show me the way? 3. _ I finish the work right now? No, you _ (not). 4. He said he _ (not) come tonight. 5. Her mother was ill. She _ stay at home and look after her. 6. It?s time for class. You _ stop playing football . 7. The cloud is lifting, so it _ (not

8、) be a rainy day tomorrow. 二(现在进行时 1(现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2(现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be(am/is/are)+动词ing. 3(现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4(现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5(现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 如:What are you doing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词 + be + 动词ing? 如: Who is singing over there? 6 动词加ing

9、的变化规则 (1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如:cook-cooking (2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如:make-making, taste-tasting (3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如:run-running, stop-stopping sit-sitting get-getting run-running forget-forgetting begin-beginning (4)以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y加ing ，die-dying lie-lying 时间状语:now, look, listen，Its oclck, 练

10、习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: play_run_swim_make_go_study_ write_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_2 buy_eat_live_take_come_get_top_begin_shop_chat_rain_ fly_- 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you

11、 _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our son doing? She _ (listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型转换: 1. They are doin

12、g housework . 一般疑问句:_ 否定句: _ 2(The students are cleaning the classroom . 一般疑问句:_ 否定句: _ 3(Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_ 4(Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)_ 四、填空 1. What are you _ (do) now? I _(eat) bread. 2. Its nine oclock. My father_ (work) in the office. 3

13、. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin. 4. _he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play). 5. Where is Make? He_(run) on the grass. 6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there. 五、将下列句子改成现在进行时 1. Tom speaks Chinese. _ 2. We have four lessons. _ 3. I watch TV. _ 4. She wo

14、rks in a hospital. _ 5. Kitty and Ben have lunch at abouttwelve. _ 6. His father helps them. _ 7. Danny, open the door._ 8. They watch TV ._ 六.按要求改写句子 1. The boy is playing basketball. 否定句:_一般疑问句:_ 肯定回答:_否定回答:_ 对is playing basketball提问:_ 对 The boy提问:_ 2. They are singing in the classroom. 否定句:_一般疑问句

15、:_ 3 肯定回答:_否定回答:_ 对are singing 提问:_ 对 in the classroom提问:_ 七.用现在进行时完成下列句子: 1.What_you_ (do)? 2.I_ (sing) an English song. 3.What_he_ (mend)? 4.He_ (mend) a car. 6._she_(sit) in the boat? 7._you_(ask)questions? 8.We_(play) games now 三(一般过去时: 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last week,last(year

16、, night, month, 具体时间), yesterday等;也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。 例如:I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。 Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。 1.一般过去时的形式: 动词be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称一律用were。 动词have: 一律用had, 没有人称和数的变化。 行为动词:一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化，行为动词的过去式有两类，一类是规

17、则动词，另一类是不规则动词。 动词变化规则: 规则变化:1) 直接加ed 如:work worked worked 2 )以不发音的e结尾的，+d 如:live lived lived 3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed 如:study stuied stuied 4)以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed 如: stop stopped stopped 不规则变化 例如:cut cut read read sit sat have/has had eatate see-saw 一般过去时动词的肯定、否定、一般疑问句和简略回答以及特殊疑问句的形式见列表: 肯定、否定形式 肯 定

18、否 定 I was I was not 动词 be You were You were not He/She/It was He/She/It was not 4 We We were were not You You They They I I 动词 have had had not You You He/She/It He/She/It We We You You They They I I 行为动词 (study) did not study studied You You He/She/It He/She/It We We You You They They 行为动词的过去时的否定式，

19、要使用助动词 do 的过去式did，后面的谓语动词要还原为原形。注意:在非正式语如口语中，was not, were not, had not和did not 可以分别缩写成wasnt, werent, hadnt和didnt。 一般疑问句和简略回答 Yes, I was. 动词 Were you ? be Was he ? No, I was not. Were they ? Yes, he was. 5 No, he was not. Yes, they were. No, they were not. Yes, I had. 动词 Had you ? have Had he ? No,

20、I had not. Had they ? Yes, he had. No, he had not. Yes, they had. No, they had not. 行为动词 Did you study ? Yes, I did. (study) Did he study ? Did they study ? No, I did not. Yes, he did. No, he did not. Yes, they did. No, they did not. 特殊疑问句和简略回答 特殊疑问句 回答 Where was she? She was at home. 动词be When did

21、you study English? I studied it last year. 行为动词(study) 2.一般过去时的几种句型(这里只讲行为动词) 肯定句结构为:主语+动词的过去式+其他。如:He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨6 天去玩具店了。 否定句结构为:主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其他。如:He didnt go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。 一般疑问句的构成:Did+主语，动词原形，其他,如: 1) -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Y

22、es, we did. (No, we didnt.) 2) -Did you meet the businessman before? -No, I didnt. (Yes, I did.) 特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词，did+主语，动词原形，其他,如: 1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework. 2) -Where did you go last week? -I went to Shanghai with my parents. 一般过去时口诀 一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。 否定句

23、很简单，didnt 站在动词原形前，其他部分不要变。 一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其他部分依次站。 特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。 最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。 练习: 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1(He put the books away and _ (go) home. 2 My father_ (buy) a new computer for_ (I ) yesterday. 3 He often _ (go) to school by bike, but last year he often _ (walk) to school. 4 -

24、 Who_(wash) the plates on the table ?- Jenny did. 5 - When _ you_ (see ) the film “ Titanic”? 6 She _(write) to Jill last month. 7 The students _ (stop) talking when their teacher came up. 二、单句改错:下面每句均有一处错误，指出并加以改正 1. Did you found the answer to this question? 2. Mary and her brother was born on the

25、 same day. 3. We start this lesson about ten minutes ago. 4 Amy singed a song for us at that party. 三. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month. 2. Mike _(not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night. 3. Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning. 4 I _ (call) Mike this morning. 5 I liste

26、ned but _ (hear) nothing. 6 Tom _ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 7 7 Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm. 8 My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday. 9 She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night. 10_ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year? 11-What time

27、 _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday? -We _ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening. 12 What _ (make) him cry (哭) just now? 13 Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun. 14 Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move) 15When _ you _ (come) to china? Last year. 16Did she _ (have) supper at home? 四. 请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yester