导入在初中英语课堂教学中的应用.docx

1、导入在初中英语课堂教学中的应用 A Study on the Application of Lead-in Techniquesin Junior Middle School English Teaching导入在初中英语课堂教学中的应用研究 英语教材分析与设计课程论文 Contents1. Introduction 12. Literature Review 22.1 Studies on Lead-in 22.2 Researches on Lead-in at Home and Abroad 43. Theoretical Foundation of Classroom Lead-in

2、73.1 Krashens Input and Affective Filter Hypothesis 73.2 Jean Piagets Constructivism Learning Theory 83.3 Howard Gardners Theory of Multiple Intelligences 93.4 Ausubels Advance Organizer 104. Present Situation of Lead-in in English Teaching in Junior Middle Schools 114.1 Common Lead-in Methods 114.2

3、 Problems with Current Lead-in Techniques 125. Implications for Lead-in in English Classroom Teaching 145.1 Stimulating students interest 145.2 Utilizing life experiences flexibly 145.3 Promoting students creative thinking 145.4 Exerting students subjectivity 156. Conclusion 15Bibliography 17A Study

4、 on the Application of Lead-in Techniquesin Junior Middle School English TeachingAbstract: Lead-in, which is the first and most basic teaching procedure in English classroom teaching, plays an important part in accomplishing tasks, achieving teaching objectives, and improving teaching quality. Altho

5、ugh it does not last long, it has a great influence on teaching effects. Therefore, when the teacher introduces new contents, he/she should employ various methods to attract students attention, provoke their interest and initiate their motivation in learning English. Nowadays, most English teachers

6、in junior middle schools have realized the importance of lead-in and are trying to employ lead-in techniques in English classroom teaching. However, there exist many problems when they adopt lead-in techniques into real use. This paper attempts to know about the current situation of lead-in at junio

7、r middle schools, find out the main problems and solve them by employing effective measures. Whats more, this paper aims to help the teacher strengthen the importance of lead-in and adopt effective lead-in techniques, so as to improve the teaching efficiency.Key Words: lead-in; English classroom tea

8、ching; junior middle school; effective teaching; motivation 导入技能在初中英语课堂中的应用研究摘要：导入作为英语课堂教学的第一步，是最基本的教学环节，它对于完成教学任务，实现教学目标，提高教学质量起着十分重要的作用。尽管在整堂课中，它所占据的时间不长，但它对提高课堂效率的作用不可低估。因此，教师在导入新内容时，要想办法运用多种手段来激发学生的学习兴趣，调动学生的学习主动性和积极性。现今，大多数初中英语教师已经意识到导入环节在课堂教学中的重要性，并且尝试使用多种导入技能，但在实际导入过程中仍存在许多问题。本论文旨在了解现今初中英语课堂教

9、学导入环节实施的具体情况，查明导入环节中存在的主要问题，从而采取有效的应对措施来提高教学效果。关键词：课堂导入；英语课堂教学；初中；有效教学；动机A Study on the Application of Lead-in Techniquesin Junior Middle School English Teaching1. Introduction Lead-in, the first and most basic procedure of the classroom teaching, is regarded by scholars as one of the most important

10、 part in classroom activities. Just as an old saying goes, “Well begun is half done”. A good lead-in, as the first step of the new class, has the same effects. Not only can a good lead-in establish the base of classroom teaching and build the bridge of communication, it can also serves as a tool to

11、initiate students thinking and arouse their attention on the new lesson. Besides, lead-in can cultivate students learning motivation and acted as an effective means for the students to get a clear idea of the study goals for the lesson. The core standard of lead-in is to regard the students as the c

12、enter of class teaching. The fundamental starting point of development education with students learning as the priority is to cultivate qualified talents with an all-round development. The embodiment of this teaching idea lies in the fact that the exertion and development of the students personality

13、 should be respected and that emphasis must be placed on the communication between students and teachers.However, in real classroom teaching, the majority of English teachers in junior middle schools are busy in explaining language points, due to the pressure of exam-oriented education. They ignore

14、the design of lead-in and only use one or two means to lead in new learning materials. Therefore, the effect of lead-in is weakened and the classroom efficiency is unsatisfactory. In order to make teachers pay much more attention to lead-in in real classroom teaching, based on the current situation

15、of lead-in in junior middle school English teaching, this paper aims find out the existent problems and finally solve them by combining theories and practice. 2. Literature ReviewAs one of the most important parts of classroom teaching, lead-in has always been the core of research. This part mainly

16、discusses the studies on lead-in in English classroom teaching. It consists of two sections; the first section is about the definition and function of lead-in, and the second section is about researches on lead-in at home and abroad.2.1 Studies on Lead-in2.1.1 The Definition of Lead-inAccording to t

17、he definition of Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English, the meaning of lead-in is “an opening, introductory, etc”. From the perspective of education, “lead” means “leading or guiding the way” and refers to that the teacher stimulates students interest in learning by using different

18、teaching methods. “In” means “to enter the gate of study” and requires the teacher to build a bridge between the old knowledge and the new knowledge. Therefore, lead-in in English classroom is that the teacher guides the students to enter the gate of English study. We often regard lead-in as a prolo

19、gue in the beginning of classroom teaching. Its a teaching activity that takes about 35 minutes before introducing new knowledge, which aims to create a supportive learning situation, to draw students attention, to stimulate students interest and to help students get prepared for the subsequent lear

20、ning.2.1.2 The Function of Lead-in Suhomulinski mentioned in his famous book One Hundred Tips for Teachers (1980)：“If the teacher rushes to his instruction and totally forgets to awaken students spirit to learn, then this kind of instruction can only generate a brain work that is full of tiredness”.

21、 From his perspective, we can clearly understand the importance of lead-in in classroom teaching. A lesson begins with an effective start may get students concentrated on learning throughout the whole class. There is no doubt that lead-in is a vital prelude of teaching, as well as the first impressi

22、on of a lesson, which can not only play a crucial role in classroom teaching, but also is helpful for the teachers to accomplish their teaching objectives and achieve the effectiveness of teaching.Hu Shuzhen et al (1996), Wang Baoda, Yuan Changhuan (2002), Jin Dongchang (2001) and many other educato

23、rs have described the function of lead-in in English teaching. Therefore, based on their research, we can summarize the function of lead-in as follows:The first function is arousing students interest and attracting their attention.It is stated clearly in the National English Curriculum for junior mi

24、ddle schools that classroom teaching should arouse students interest and attract their attention in English learning at the first place. It is well-known that interest is the best teacher. From this point of view, we can see the significance of interest in English teaching classroom. Interest is the

25、 foundation for English teaching and learning. Students attention could be attracted when their interest and curiosity are provoked. Under that circumstance, they are more delighted and enthusiastic for learning.The second function is building a bridge between old and new knowledge.Lead-in in classr

26、oom should help students establish links between old and new knowledge, extract information associated with the new knowledge from old knowledge, and provide sufficient background knowledge when students learn new knowledge, so that students can connect old and new knowledge together naturally. In o

27、ne place, it helps students master new knowledge and consolidate the old knowledge, so that students knowledge system is better organized. In another place, it can help students better remember what they have learned and teach students how to learn efficiently.The third function is conveying teachin

28、g objectives.Classroom teaching is an interactive process, which includes teachers teaching and students learning. Before teaching, teachers should clearly understand their own teaching objectives of this lesson, which can highlight the purpose of teaching. Meanwhile, students also need to have defi

29、nite objectives at the beginning of a lesson, so that they can get the key points clearly and do something with purposes in the following tasks. Nowadays, student-centered classroom is advocated; students are no longer passive recipients but classroom leaders who acquire knowledge actively. That is

30、to say, having aroused students interest and attracted their attention through lead-in, teachers should state teaching objectives clearly so that students can devote themselves to the class and it also makes contribution to the improvement of the teaching quality.In summery, lead-in is an inseparabl

31、e part in whole classroom teaching. It can arouse students interest and attract their attention; it can build a bridge between old and new knowledge; and it can convey teaching objectives. It plays a very important role of classroom teaching and cannot be ignored.2.2 Researches on Lead-in at Home an

32、d Abroad Since the 1970s, many Western scholars have recognized the important role of lead-in in classroom teaching. From different theoretical standpoints, they have conducted a lot of researches on lead-in. Similarly, many domestic scholars and educators have also presented their views about lead-in, and written articles about it concerning different aspects.2.2.1 Studies on Lead-in AbroadIn the 1970s, Turney and C.Etal (1975) presented a view that it is very important to attract students attention and improve their curiosity at the begi