英语谓语动词的时态完成体现在过去将来.docx

1、英语谓语动词的时态完成体现在过去将来中考英语-谓语动词的时态：完成体（现在，过去，将来）谓语动词的时态- 完成体 现在完成时定义：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。结构：主语 + have / has + done (动词的过去分词) 从中考角度，解析一般将来时的出题方向现在完成时的讲解情景一： 谈论行为结果：“已already” “还没有notyet” Gina isnt here. She has already gone to school. Im hungry. I havent had breakfast yet. Tom cant find

2、his key. He has lost it. 情景二： 谈论之前的经历“曾ever”；“不曾never”；“次数”，截止点是现在。- Whats Georges sister like ? - I have no idea. I have never met her.- Do you know this city very well? -Yes. I have been here many times.- Is Qinghai a beautiful city? - I dont know. I have never been there before.情景三： 肯定句中，谈论目前身份、状

3、态所持续时间段。 My father is a teacher. (现状)He has been a teacher for 20 years. (现状所持续的时间段) My grandparents live in the countryside. (现状)They have lived there since they were born. (现状所持续的时间段) She doesnt eat meat. (现状)She hasnt eaten meat for many years. (现状所持续的时间段)通过上下语境的对比，我们来系统地讲了现完的三种语境。来做做下面的试题吧。用括号内单

4、词的适当形式完成句子。1. I _ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quit

5、e a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came i

6、n. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 答案：1. I have already seen (see) the film. I saw (see) it last week. 2. Has he finished (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father has just come (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Wheres Li Ming? He h

7、as gone (go) to the teachers office.5. I have worked (work) here since 1999. 6. So far I have made (make) quite a few friends here.7. How long have the Wangs stayed (stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I have just finished (finish) my homework. 9. He goes (go) to school on foot every day. 10.Have you fou

8、nd (find) your science book yet? 11. If it is (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students were reading (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey is climbing (climb) the tree. 14. My mother will come (come) to see me next Sunday. 过去完成时的结构 动作性句子： 谓语(行为)动词 had done We had

9、a lot of work at school before the classes were over.结构 非动作性句子：谓语动词 be- had been I realized that I had been in bad mood too long.从中考角度，解析过去完成时的出题方向情景二：过去完成时过去完成时指过去某个时间之前发生的事情或存在的状态，是过去的过去。常用的时间状语有by., by the time, by then, before等。一般过去时 PK 过去完成时1.I didnt go to the film with my friends yesterday bec

10、ause I had seen it twice. “没去看”是昨天发生的事，用过去时；而“看过两次”是昨天之前发生的，故用过去完成时；2.Where had you gone before I came here? “来这”是过去时，而“去哪了”发生在来这之前，故用过去完成时；3.I had began to play the piano by the time I went to school. “上学”是过去时，而“开始弹琴”发生在上学之前，故用过去完成时；【提示】你有没有发现什么特征呢？ 句子中的过去时和过去完成时，是为了说明两个动作发生的先后顺序，你再仔细琢磨一下！1.They _

11、about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. A. will learn B. had learned C. are going to learn D. have learned2.The plane _ when we got to the airport. A. had taken off B. was taken off C. will take off D. takes off3.-Why didnt you buy the dictionary yesterday? -Because I _ one before

12、. A. had bought B. have bought C. bought D. would buy 答案：1. B 从by the end of last term, 截止到上学期末可知，叙述的上学期之前发生的事情。2. A 从when we got to.当我们到机场时，飞机已经起飞了，到达是过去时，起飞是过去完成时。3. A 语境是：昨天怎么不买，因为之前买过了；昨天已过去，“买”发生在昨天之前。短暂性动词 VS 延续性动词1.你知道该如何划分短暂性动词和延续性动词吗？动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，可分为短暂性动词和延续性动词。2.那什么是短暂性动词，什么是延续性动词

13、，它们之间又该如何转换呢？ 我们来看看下面的讲义，来进行具体的讲解吧。情景一：短暂性动词VS 延续性动词 短暂性动词表示瞬间动词、点动词，这种动作发生后立即结束。如 open, close, begin, finish, 在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用 This film began five minutes ago. 在否定句中可以表示时间段的状语连用 He hasnt left his hometown for ten years. 延续性动词表示能够延续性的动词，与表示时间段的短语连用。 You can keep this book for two days. 情景二：短暂性动词转化为

14、延续性动词常见的方法 用意义相同或相近的延续性动词替代。如：borrow keep, buy have, put on wear, get/catch a cold have a cold 用“be+形容词”替代。如：die be dead, open be open， marry be married, 用“be+介词或副词”替代。如：begin/start be on, leave be away , come be in/here, end be over 通过上面的讲解，你能实现短暂性动词与延续性动词的变换吗？ The train has arrived, and it has _ f

15、or ten minutes. My teacher will leave, and he will _ for a week. His grandpa has died, and he has _ for almost 5 years. You can borrow my bike, but you can only _ it for one day. The movie has started, and it has _ for half an hour. The lesson has finished, it has _ for 10 minutes.答案：1. been here 2.

16、 be away 3. been dead 4. keep 5. been on 6. been over二、英语书面表达专项训练2近年，有一些地区提出把游泳纳入中考的体育考试，并在学生中做了一次问卷调查。下面是一个学校的调查结果，请你根据调查情况写一篇英语短文阐明调查结果及表达自己的观点。赞成的学生人数占：57%不赞成的学生人数占：43%理由：1. 强身健体，预防疾病2. 训练求生技能3. 休闲娱乐，放松身心理由：1. 害怕水2. 有危险性3. 气温低时容易感冒你的观点与理由？要求：1. 词数80左右。（文章的开头已给出，不计入词数）2. 不得透露学校，姓名等个人信息，否则不予评分。In r

17、ecently years, some districts are planning to include swimming in the examination of physical education. And they made a survey about it in some schools, Heres the result from one school. 【答案】例文In recently years, some districts are planning to include swimming in the examination of physical educatio

18、n. And they made a survey about it in some schools. Heres the result from one school.About 57 per cent students like to have swimming lessons at school. Because it can help build up our body and guide against (prevent) illness. Besides, swimming is a survival skill when we face some natural disaster

19、s. It is also a good choice to go swimming lo relax ourselves when we are free.However, 43 percent students are against this plan for some reasons. First, some of them are afraid of getting in the water. Second, it may be dangerous because we may drown. Then, when it is cold, we may catch a cold.In

20、my opinion, its a good idea lo have swimming lessons. I can improve my health, and relax myself after classes as well.(In my opinion, its not a good way to have swimming lessons at school. Because its expensive to build a swimming pool, and sometimes its difficult to keep the water clean because the

21、re are many students at school.)【解析】【详解】本文是一篇材料作文，根据所给材料，阐明关于“把游泳纳入中考体育考试”的两种不同观点，而且最后还要表达出自己的观点，所以文章主要用一般现在时。文章分为三个部分，第一部分，首先引出本文话题，并用Heres the result from one school.起到承上启下的作用， 引出调查结果；第二部分分别阐述两种不同观点About 57 per cent students like to have swimming lessons at school. Because.; However, 43 percent st

22、udents are against this plan for some reasons.最后提出自己的观点并进行总结In my opinion。注意阐明观点列举理由时，要注意条理性，比如用到表示次序先后的词first, second, then；或者句型It can It also can.,besides.等；本文内容完整，写作条理清晰，语言表达准确，是一篇不错的文章。3目前，许多中学生利用周末和节假日上课外补习班，对此人们有不同的看法。请根据下面内容写一篇短文。 赞成者的观点1. 能够学得更好，考试考得更好，上更好的高中；2. 避免花太多时间看电视、玩游戏。反对者的观点1. 学生需要时

23、间休息；2. 压力过大不利于身体健康。你的观点1. 课堂上好好学就足够了，补课不必要；2. 课后可以自己.注意：1. 表达清楚，语法通顺，上下文连贯；2. 必须包括提示的所有信息，并适当发挥，至少两点；3. 词数：100词左右（文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）；4. 不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。Nowadays, many middle school students are taking all kinds of after-school classes at weekends or on holidays. There are two different opinions about i

24、t.Some people think that_【答案】Nowadays, many middle school students are taking all kinds of after-school classes at weekends or on holidays. There are two different opinions about it. Some people think that students can get better exam results and go to better senior high schools by taking extra clas

25、ses. They also believe that students can avoid watching too much TV or playing computer games in this way. But others have a different opinion. They think that students need more time to rest. If they take too many classes, they might feel too stressed. Thats not good for their health. As for me, I

26、dont think taking extra classes is necessary. Learning hard in class is enough. We just need to go over our lessons after class. We can also teach ourselves as it is very important for us to have a lifelong learning ability.【解析】【分析】整体分析：这是一篇提纲话题作文。是一篇议论文，第一段要写目前，许多中学生利用周末和节假日上课外补习班，对此人们有不同的看法。第二段要写中

27、学生利用周末和节假日上课外补习班赞同者的观点。第三段要写中学生利用周末和节假日上课外补习班反对者的观点。第四段要表述作者自己的观点。【详解】写作之前要1.审清题目，看看有哪些要求？哪些时态？人称？2.确定文章类型，记叙文？说明文？议论文？看图？还是应用文？3.确定时态，单一还是混合。4.写下关键词、短语、句型。5.列出提纲和段落，并运用适当的句型和过渡词衔接。6.根据提纲和段落结构句型及关键词句完成文章。写完后反复阅读修改推敲润色，人称、时态、单复数一致等。运用自然过渡法和自然衔接法来是文章更为地道、通顺、纯正。用短语、句型：all kinds of ，Some others，As for m

28、e ，Some people think that 。They also believe that。If they take too many classes。It is very important for us to have a lifelong learning ability.来增加了文章的亮点。【点睛】这类作文的写作方法要注意认真审题，可以分四段写：总体简单描述话题；赞成；反对；你的看法。注意过渡性语言的使用。做到：要点要全，表达要清晰明确，使用短语，句型要准确，注意避免拼写和语法错误。4 为提升南京城市形象，我市已启动老小区出新改造工程。假设你是 Tim，请根据下面表格内容的提示

29、，用英文向你的外国笔友 Jack 做简单的介绍。Purposeimprove the environmentChanges to peoples lifebeautiful buildings, Problemslots of noise, rubbishYour advice注意：1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3 词数 80 左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。Hi, Jack! I am Tim. Today I will tell you something about the project “Renovation of the old communities” in Nanjing. _